Analysis for Community Base Project

8/11/2019 Analysis for Community Base Project

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Analysis for Community Base ProjectFor the Community Base Evaluation of Water Supply and Sanitation

Activities in the Urban Program & Documentation of Best Practices/LessonsLearned

A. Preface

From the 42 Community Base Water and Sanitation Projects,

these projects can be classified as:

1. Operated

There are 29 projects are still operated by variousoperation entities (RW, RT, Private or by another NGO).

And can be also be divided as Profitable operation, NotProfitable (but still operated) and still operated, but withlack of maintenance and repair.

2. Demolished

There are 10 projects that have been demolished with

various reason, 7 projects, especially Public Latrine

(MCK=Mandi Cuci Kakus) are demolished by the ProvincialGovernment due that these facilities are build on GreenBelt area, especially on Levee or River Bank; even one

case that the MCK are on top of the river body. The other3 are demolished due to natural disaster such as flood or

torn down by quakes or landslides.

3. On Going

There 4 projects that are still on going or have been builtor not yet operated (still under construction). This projects

are the IPLT (Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Terpadu) orWaste Water Treatment in Kelurahan PenjaringanKecamatan Penjaringan. The Hand washing facilities under

the HP3 Project of the Community Base and other facilitiesthat still under construction.

The analyses made are mainly for the 29 on going project (28 in

some case due to lack of data). The demolished reports aremade also for the 10 project demolished due to various reasons

and specifically mentioned these reasons.


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B.The Observed Facilities

The observed facilities consist of Hand Washing Station

which are to promote Clean Water and Hand Washinghabits to the population.

Public Latrine (MCK)with adult latrine and babysuitability latrines

There are two types of MCK :

o Ordinary MCK

o MCK with sludge digestion to abstract biogas fromthe excreta deposit in the septic tank.

Posyandu (Pos Pelayanan Terpadu=IntegratedService Post)

There are two types of Posyandu :

o Ordinary Posyandu

o Posyandu are equipped with Public Latrine (MCK)

Public HydrantWater storage tank filled by the PAM JAYA

These types of facilities are variable observed and tabulatedthrough the following analysis.

C. General Analysis

The Community Base Projects in Urban Jakarta targeted the

slums and squatters for the Urban Poor especially in MetropolitanJakarta (27 projects) and 2 projects in Jatake Tangerang of

Suburban or a part of Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek=JakartaBogor Depok Tangerang and Bekasi).

The slums and squatters in Urban Jakarta suffer the typicalcondition: Lack of Sanitation facilities, Source of Clean WaterSupply and also Solid Waste problems. For the sanitation

facilities, the Community Base helps them with the Posyandu ++ (plus plus), that means the Posyandu (Pos PelayananTerpadu=Integrated Service Post) are equipped with Public

Latrine (MCK), Hand Washing Stations and other facilities suchhygienic room for nursing babies. Other facilities are Public

Latrine (MCK) with adult latrine and baby suitability latrines. ThePublic Hydrant and Hand Washing Station are also supplied to

these are to promote Clean Water and Hand Washing habits tothe population.


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These projects have various effects and outcomes, some

are

Types of the Facilities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Hand Washing MCK MCK+(biogas) Posyandu Posyandu ++MCK Public Hydrant

still operating and sustainable, others are operating with

limitation and some are being abandoned.

In general, most of the facilities are still operated and manage

well, even in some area there are success story of the facilities,

That is, that the facilities met the population needs and that thefacilities are the answer of water supply and sanitation problems.

On the other hand, some small amount facilities are not being

used or the facilities are not managed well.

The analyses are to identify the facilities which are operated,

manage well and most likely to be sustainable and whichfacilities that are not well operated and are not well managed.

For that, there are the partial analyses and cross tabulation

analyses. With the criteria of Operation / Technical Analyses andFinancial and Management Analyses for Partial Analyses and

Cross Tabulation of those Analyses.

D.Partial Analyses

1. Operation / Technical Analyses

i. Performance / User per Day

a. Population


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The number of user of the facilities (all types of

facilities: MCK, hand Washing, Water Supplyetc.) per day can stated as follows:

Number of user (O & M)

02468

10

0 - 50 50 -

100

100 -

150

150 -

200

200 -

250

250 -

300

300 -

350

350 -

400

No of User

Source: Watsan Survey, 2008

Most of the facilities have 0 to50 users per day(Eight facilities). Five facilities have 50 to 100

users per day, four facilities have 300 to 350

users per day, three facilities have 100 to 150users per day, and two facilities have 200 to250 users per day and 250 to 300 users per

day. And one facility have user 350 to 400 userper day.

b. Performance

The performance of the facilities can be statedas Without Electricity and Profitable and are as

follows:


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Performance of the facilities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

No of Project 6 11 3 3 4 1

Without Electicity 3 1

Profitable 4 3

: Hand

Washing: MCK

:

MCK+(bioga

s)

: Posy andu: Posyandu

++MCK

: Public

Hydrant


There 6 project of Hand Washing Station whichare all operated, that means, the water are

available from the taps. There are 11 project of

MCK and MCK ceria (MCK with children

suitability), 3 of these MCK are withoutelectricity (using hand pumps and without no

lamp), and 4 of these MCK are profitable.

There are 3 MCK biogas which are all profitableand equipped with other facilities such asPosyandu. There are 3 Posyandu and 4

Posyandu + + (equipped with MCK andHealth/Hygienic Facilities) and 1 Public

Hydrant.

The MCK and MCK biogas, including the MCKceria, in some places are profitable. These MCK

are operated with a management who collect a

sum of money in two ways, the first is theneighboring houses without a private latrine

which pays about Rp 5,000 to Rp 10,000 amonth. And the second income comes from the

entrance fee per person for Rp 1,000 to Rp1,500 for bathing and washing, and another

entrance fee of Rp 500 to Rp 1,000 for thelatrine.


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There expenditures are for the electricity bill

(for the electricity pump and lamps), employeedaily cost and minor repair.

ii. Water

a. Water Volume

Water Consumption

0

5

10

Liter/day

No

Of

Project

No of Project 5 7 8 4 2

0-500 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-5000


Most of the facilities are using water of 1,000

to 1,500 liter per day (8 facilities). 7 facilities

are using 500 to 1,000 liter a day, 5 facilities

are using water less than 500 liter a day, 4facilities are using facilities of 1,500 to 2,000liter a day and 2 facilities are using water for

more than 2,000 up to 5,000 liter a day.

Water Consumption

0

1000

2000

Liter/day

N

oO

fP

ro

ect

No of Project 5 7 8 4 2

Average Population 1,220 1,835 693 1,178 560

0-500 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-5000


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Based on the figure above there is no

correlation between the population served andthe water consumption.

b. Water Quality

Water Quality

0

10

20

30

No of Project 4 23 1

Brackish OK OK PAM


From the 28 facilities, 23 facilities are usinggood quality water (no color, no odor and no

taste); some of these facilities are using AirRahmat (Sodium Hypochlorite) to treat the

water. 1 facilities are using PAM Jaya waterwith a quality of Clean Water (Air Bersih)1. And

4 facilities are using the brackish water (not

suitable for bathing or drinking).

c. Well Depth

Depth of the wel l (m)

0

20

40

60

Depth (m) 15 20 12 16 20 20 15 20 50 50 20 20 15 20

Brackish 0 0 0 0

Kel

Penjari

ngan

Bendu

ngan

Hilir

Jelamb

ar Baru

RT

Kali

Anyar

RT 02

Karet

Tengsi

n

Keagu

ngan

001/09

Kel

Penjari

ngan

Kel

Rawa

Terate

Kelura

han

Alam

Kelura

han

Gembo

Krenda

ng

Selatan

Petojo

Utara

002/08

Prump

ung RT

01

Rawa

Bunga

006/05

1 Clean Water is based on Permenkes (Regulation of Health Minister) No 416 year 1990. Suitable for

washing and bathing, but the water have to boiled (100oC) to be able match the Drinking water standard.


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Most of facilities are using well of 20 meterdeep or less / shallow well (26 projects) and 2

facilities are using the deep well of about 50

meters deep.

iii. Waste Water

a. Waste Water Flow/Discharged waste water

Waste Water Flow

0

2

4

6

8

10

Flooded sew er

system

Straight to

the pond

Straight to

the river


There 9 facilities that are using the sewer

system, the other are 6 facilities are causing

small flood in which the discharge waterbecome stagnant in a small pool of water, 3

facilities are using pond as the waste waterdisposal and 9 facilities are using river as

waste water disposal. All MCK waste water are

treated with septic tank before discharge to

the next water body except in Rawa Bunga andPerumpung.


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b. Contamination

Level of contamination

0

5

10

15

20

High level of

contamination

Low level of

contamination

NoProject


As the 18 facilities are not using the sewersystem, the levels of contamination are high.

And the other 9 facilities with the sewer

system have a low level of contamination.

The high level of contamination is shown bythe surrounding stagnant flood of water which

can be a potential source of disease. The odorof water has a highly bad smell and the colorof the water is black (black water)

The low level of contamination is shown

by thewater to be disposed in the sewerage

system which has low impact for the

surrounding water. The wastewater

outflow has a low contaminationclassified as grey water

2. Financial and Social Analysis

i. Financial


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No of Facilities

0

5

10

15

20

No of Facilities 12 16

Cost recover NonCost recover


As the facilities are operated by obtaining

income from entrance fee and use this income

for the facilities costs (electricity, employee

and small repair). From 28 facilities, 12 of thisfacilities are cost recovery (income exceeds

cost) and 16 of this facilities are not cost

recovery (cost exceeds income). In this case,

some of this facilities are turning to handpump, instead of electricity pump, and low

maintenance (the latrine are dirty, no lightingand no repair).


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ii. Adaptation

a. Adaptation

Adaptive

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Adaptive Not Adaptive

No

Projects

Cost Recovery

Non Cost Recovery


Adaptive means the user of the facilities canadapt to newly introduced technology

embedded by the facilities. The innovations

are:1. The biogas digester MCK2. The use of Air Rahmat (Sodium

Hypochlorite) as water disinfectant.

3. The use of Hand Washing facilities as a

habit.

From the 28 facilities, 21 facilities are adaptive

to the innovation and 7 are not adaptive. Thefacilities that are not adaptive, mostly which

are not well managed (still using a hand pump,the facilities are not cleaned regularly etc.)

The graph shows that the adaptive facility has

a correlation to the financial aspect in whichthat most of the adaptive facilities has manage

to be more cost recoverable

b. Operation


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Operation Condition

0

5

10

15

20

25

NoOfProject

No Of Project 20 2 4 1

In OperationPartially

Operation

Not Yet

OperatedNot Operated


From the 28 facilities, 20 facilities are inoperation and 2 are partly operated (not well

managed), 4 are not yet operated (usedoccasionally) and 1 are no longer operated

(Public Hydrant in Rawa Terate RW 06).

iii. Organization

a. Management

Management

0

5

10

15

No Of Project 13 8 2 1 3

RW RT BEST Private None



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c. Number of Staff

Management staff

0

5

10

15

20

No

ofProject

No Of Project 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


From 28 facilities, 15 of these facilities have 8staffs, 3 facilities have 7 staffs, another 3

facilities have 6 staffs, 1 facilities has 5 staffs,

2 facilities have 4 staffs, and there are 1facilities have 3 staffs, another 1 facilities have2 staffs and also 1 facilities that have 1 staffs.

d. Ownership

Land Ownership

0

5

10

15

20

No of Project 17 5 2 1 1 1

Comm

unity

PEMD

ABEST

Donat

edKSDA Private


From 28 facilities, the land of 17 of thesefacilities belong to the community, 5 facilities


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belong to the Local Government (PEMDA =

Pemerintah Daerah), 2 land belong to BEST (aLocal NGO, 1 land belong to KSDA and 1 land

belong to private ownership.

E. Cross Tabulation Analysis

1. Performance cross tabulation with Financial


Most of the facilities that is Cost Recover perspective are

the Public Latrine (MCK) and MCK biogas, followed byPosyandu and Posyandu ++ (with MCK). The hand washing

station is Not Cost Recovery, but that is understandable,because it is a free facility.

Financial Performance of the facilities

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Cost Recover

Not Cost Recover

Cost Recover 7 3 2 3 0

Not Cost Recover 6 4 0 1 1 1

: Hand

Washing: MCK

: MCK

++biogas

:

Posyand

u

:

Posyand

u ++MCK

: Public

Hydrant


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Operation time (years)

0

5

10

15

5 - 8 y ears 5 7 2

0 - 4 y ears 1 7 5 1

Hand Washing MCK Posy andu Public Hy drant

Half of the MCK observed has been built 5 to 8 years and

the rest is under 4 years. And most of the pos yandu isunder 4 years.

2. Performance cross tabulation with Adaptation

Cross Tabulation between Adaptation

and Number of Users

0

5

10

15

>100 100-200 200-300 300-400

Adaptation No Adaptation


From the 21 facilities that are adaptive, 11 facilities have

user below 100 users a day, 4 have 100 to 200 user perday and 3 have 200 to 300 users per day and another 3

have 300 to 400 users per day. The facilities that are not

adaptive, 7 have users below 100 and the facilities with

user more than 100 are adaptive.

3. Performance cross tabulation with Organization


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No of User VS Management

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


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Correlation Management VS Cost Recovery

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

RT RWBE

ST

Priva

te

com

munity

Management

No

ofFacilities

Cost RecoveryNon Cost Recovery

From the 5 management organizations shows that:

6 out of 10 of the RT management are cost recoverable

3 out of 14 of the RT management are cost recoverable

All of the facilities managed by the NGO and managed by

private entities are cost recoverable

Facilities managed by community other than RT and RW is

not cost recoverable.

F. Summarized and Conclusion

The average user of the Community Base facilities is below 150users per day, with the exception of MCK Biogas in Kelurahan

Alam Jaya Tangerang with user more than 300 users per day.

There 6 project of Hand Washing Station which are all operated,that means, the water are available from the taps.


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Source of Water for Hands Washing

0

1

2

3

4

5

Ground water 4 unit Piped Water 2 unit

From the 6 Hands washing facilities 4 are using ground waterand 2 are using piped water from PAM JAYA since the existing

ground water are not usable due to the high salinity content .

There are 11 project of MCK and MCK ceria (MCK with childrensuitability), 3 of these MCK are without electricity (using hand

pumps and without no lamp), and 4 of these MCK are profitable.There are 3 MCK biogas which are all profitable and equipped

with other facilities such as Posyandu. There are 3 Posyandu and4 Posyandu + + (equipped with MCK and Health/Hygienic

Facilities) and 1 Public Hydrant.

Most of the facilities are using water of 1,000 to 1,500 liter perday (8 facilities). 7 facilities are using 500 to 1,000 liter a day.

Most of the facilities are using good quality water (no color, no

odor and no taste); some of these facilities are using Air Rahmat(Sodium Hypochlorite) to treat the water. 1 facility is using PAM

Jaya water with a quality of Clean Water (Air Bersih)2. And 4

facilities are using the brackish water (not suitable for bathing ordrinking).

Most of facilities are using well of 20 meter deep or less /

shallow well (26 projects) and 2 facilities are using the deep well

of about 50 meters deep.

Only 9 facilities that are using the sewer system, the other are 6

facilities flooded, 3 facilities are using pond as the waste water

2 Clean Water is based on Permenkes (Regulation of Health Minister) No 416 year 1990. Suitable for

washing and bathing, but the water have to boiled (100oC) to be able match the Drinking water standard.


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disposal and 9 facilities are using river as waste water disposal.

Therefore, the facilities that are not using the sewer system, thelevels of contamination are high. And the other 9 facilities with

the sewer system have a low level of contamination.

Twelve of this facilities are cost recovery (income exceeds cost)and 16 of this facilities are not cost recovery (cost exceeds

income). In this case, some of this facilities are turning to handpump, instead of electricity pump, and low maintenance (the

latrine are dirty, no lighting and no repair).

Twenty One facilities are adaptive to the innovation and 7 arenot adaptive. The facilities that are not adaptive, mostly which

are not well managed.

Twenty facilities are in full operation and 2 are partly operated(not well managed), 4 are not yet operated (used occasionally)and 1 are no longer operated (Public Hydrant in Rawa Terate RW

06).

Thirteen of these facilities are managed by the RW, 8 facilitiesare managed by the RT, 2 facilities are managed by a Local

NGO) and 1 facilities are managed by private entities.

Nine of these facilities have a IMB, 19 of these facilities does nothave an IMB (Illegal status).

Fifteen of these facilities have 8 staffs, 3 facilities have 7 staffs,

another 3 facilities have 6 staffs, 1 facilities has 5 staffs, 2facilities have 4 staffs, and there are 1 facilities have 3 staffs,

another 1 facilities have 2 staffs and also 1 facilities that have 1

staffs.

Seventeen of these facilities land belong to the community, 5

land belong to PEMDA , 2 land belong to a Local NGO, 1 landbelong to KSDA and 1 land belong to private ownership.

Most of the facilities that is Cost Recover perspective are thePublic Latrine (MCK) and MCK biogas, followed by Posyandu and

Posyandu ++ (with MCK). The hand washing station is Not CostRecovery, but that is understandable, because it is a free facility.

The Public Latrine is not being used anymore, the reason isdescribe in the FGD report.


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Most of the facilities that are not adaptive have users below 100.

And the facilities that have more than 300 user are 100%adaptive.

Most of the facilities that have user below 300 are managed by

the RT and RW Community, and the facilities that have morethan 300 users are managed by a Local NGO or a Private Entity.

Management which has 100 % in cost recover are NGO and

private. Management run by RT RW and other community has 13out of 25 successes in cost recovery.

Analysis for Community Base Project

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