An English Settlement at Jamestown

Mr. Pinto US-ICh.2 Sec. 2

English Settlers Struggle in North America

• First English travels abroad were Royal charters ( Paid for by the Government)

• English colonies were funded and maintained by;– joint-stock companies – companies where investors would

pool their wealth to begin a settlement. • Roanoke (1585)– first attempted settlement– Virginia Co. led by Sir Walter Raleigh– All settlers disappeared– Croatoan carved into tree

Lost Colony of Roanoke

English Settlers Struggle in North America (2)

(April, 1607) Jamestown, Va. Found• John Smith brought 150 passengers. – By December, only 38 were left– Convinced the Powhatan tribe to provide food– 1609, 600 new colonists arrived; Powhatan react

violently– Within months only 60 survived – Smith is injured and leaves for England– Settlers leave but are convinced to turn back by another

ship

Brown Gold

• New Leaders reorganize Jamestown• John Rolfe cross breeds Native tobacco w/ strain from

Brazil • Began cultivating “Brown gold” (Tobacco)• 1.5 million lbs to England each year• Lack of field laborers led to ;– Headright system – Anyone who paid for voyage to the

colony was given 50 acres of land.– Indentured servants – Worked for land owners 4-7 years

to gain passage to America. (Africans too)

Primary and Secondary Sources

• A primary source provides a firsthand account of events recorded during or shortly after the events described occurred.

• A secondary source of information is one that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events

• In Pairs, circle whether a source on you worksheet is either primary or secondary. Be prepared to tell me why.

10/16 Do NowWhy do you think that Jamestown’s labor force began

to look more like the picture on the right than the picture on the left as time went on?

The First African Laborers

• First Africans were indentured servants– I.S. Cost less – 1000 lbs. of tobacco – Slaves – 2-3,000 lbs.

• Late 1600’s, I.S. decline, colonists experience increased wealth, more slaves

The Settlers Clash w/ Native Americans(46-47)

• Why were the colonists in conflict with the Powhatan?– English, unlike the Spanish viewed the Natives as ‘wild like the Irish”– Remembered the Powhatan hostilities towards them – demanded

tributes of corn and labor– Set fire to villages, kidnapped children – Pocahontas– Powhatan grew tired of this and organized a well-planned attack

killing more than 340 colonists

• Describe the events following the Powhatan’s killing of 340 colonists.– Virginia Company went almost bankrupt sending troops & supplies – King James

makes it a Royal Colony in 1624

Economic Differences Split Virginia(47-48)

• Identify and explain the problems between wealthy landowners and former indentured servants in the Virginia colony.

• Many free white men were former indentured servants• Had little money to buy land• Could not vote – almost no rights• Lived on frontier & fought w/ Indians

• Why was Nathaniel Bacon frustrated with Governor Berkeley?– Berkeley levied high taxes which served to help the wealthy– No protection on the outskirts of VA.– No military support in war w/ Natives

Bacon’s Rebellion

• 29 year old wealthy Englishman – – Said “Indians = Wolves”– Raised an “illegal” (Berkeley) army to fight Natives– Marched on VA’s assembly house– Set fire to town

• Though unsuccessful in changing anything, it planted the seed of fighting against unfair taxes.

House of Burgesses

• First representative body in colonial America. (July 30, 1619)– 2 white male landowners from 11 districts– Governor had power to veto any bills– First signs of Representative Government in

America

Puritans create a “New England”

• Puritans – church members who wanted to “purify” or

reform the church of England by removing all traces of Roman Catholicism• Believed humans could experience God directly

– Separatists – Puritans who wanted a complete break from the Protestant Church of England.• Founded Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts)• Signed Mayflower Compact.• First governing document of Plymouth Colony

Puritans create a “New England”• Massachusetts Bay Colony - Puritan colony led by John

Winthrop. – Boston was central city

Pages 51-52• Who was able to vote in Winthrop’s “City upon a Hill”?• What was the Puritan view of Church and State and does it

seem similar to the current laws of the U.S.? Explain.• Analyze and critique the Puritan view of the family and it’s

responsibilities. Do you agree or disagree with these views? Why did you choose your stance?

Dissent in the Puritan Community

• “ Forced religion stinks in the nostrils of God” (Roger Williams)– Williams fled Mass. Bay Colony

• Said land belonged to Native Americans• Wanted separation of church and state• Negotiated w/ natives and set up a colony in Providence, R.I.

• Anne Hutchinson – led other Puritans to Dutch West Indies company founded colony of New Netherland (New York), founded 1621, where religious tolerance existed.

Analyze this photo and discuss 3 gender identifying aspects that you see.

The Dutch found New Netherland

• 1621, the Dutch West India company is given permission to colonize New Netherland (thriving fur trade)

• New Netherland allowed diversity and freedom of religion. Traded w/ Natives

• English took New Netherland w/o a shot fired• Duke of York became proprietor (owner), of

New York colony (New Jersey too)

The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania• (1660’s) William Penn led Quakers to Pennsylvania

– Held services w/o ministers– Dressed plainly– Refused to defer to rank– Opposed war– Refused military service

• Guaranteed all adult males 50 acres of land and right to vote

• Representative assembly and religious freedom• Regulated trade w/ natives allowed them to sit on court to

solve issues