Amplification, ROADM and Optical Networking

activities at CPqD

Miquel Garrich Alabarce, PhD.Senior Researcher – Optical Technologies Division

WTON – Campinas – May 28th 2015

2/23

Outline

Optical Technologies Division• Optical networks team

Amplification• Automated amplifier characterizer• Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiers

Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)• Transient response issues in cascaded WSS-based ROADMs

SDN-based dual-optimization application• Adaptive EDFA algorithm• Global WSS equalization algorithm

Collaboration activities with UTD• Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient Numerical Modeling Framework• Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks

3/23

Optical Technologies Division at CPqD

Technological Trends

Transmission and Networks

Product Technologies

MicroelectronicsIntegrated Photonics

Transmission

DSP

Access

Amplification

ROADM

Networks

Hardware

Software

Firmware

Tests

Mechanics

Requirements

Front End

Back End

Design

Alignment

Packaging

Systems

SYSTEMS

DEVICESTransport

Optical networks team

4/23

Optical networks team

1 - Alexandre Daoud de Andrade

2 - Anderson Bravalheri

3 - Benjamin Sarti

4 - Camila de Araujo Souto Diniz

5 - Heitor Silva Carvalho

6 - João Carlos Sampaio Januário

7 - Leonardo Fagundes Luz Serrano

8 - Matheus Smythe Svolenski

9 - Miquel Garrich Alabarce

10 - Uiara Celine de Moura

5/23

Motivation

Bandwidth variable transponders (BVTs)

Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs)Wavelength selective switches (WSSs)

Elastic optical networking (EON)

Inputs1

2

3

Drops Adds

Outputs1

2

3

EDFA

Splitter

WSS

6/23Input powerO

utpu

t po

wer

Mea

sure

d pa

ram

.Power mask

min

Gai

n

max

Gai

n

Aux Amp

Variable Att

WSS

Sp

litte

r5

0/5

0

Opticalswitch

OSA

40-CWlaser bank

Serial GPIB

GPIB

USB

Ethernet

Amplifier

Automated amplifier characterizer

7/23

Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiersDistributed counter-propagated Raman amplifier

Sumbitted to International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC) 2015 

8/23

ROADM activities

Rx

Tx

Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM)• Wavelength selective switch (WSS)• Optical channel monitor (OCM)

9/23

Transient response issues in cascaded ROADMs

Higher threshold

Lower threshold

Target power

Transient

Failure Convergence

Failure

Iteration:• Get information• Calculation• Application

Operation:• Simultaneous• Independent

10/23

Transient response feedback control mechanism

Three analyzed controllers1. Integrative (I)

2. Proportional, integrative and derivative (PID)

3. Proportional double integrative (PII)

Techniques to enhance the performance of the controllers4. Threshold levels

5. Standard deviation (STD)• trigger the actuation on WSS

𝐶 I (𝑠)=𝑘𝑖𝑠

𝑢[z+1]= [z]+𝑢 𝑘1∙ [z]𝑒𝐶 PID (𝑠 )=𝑘𝑝+

𝑘𝑖𝑠

+𝑘𝑑 ∙ 𝑠𝑢[z+1]= [z]+𝑢 𝑘1∙ [z]+𝑒 𝑘2∙ [z−1]+𝑒 𝑘3∙ [z−2]𝑒

𝐶 PII (𝑠)=𝑘𝑝+𝑘𝑖1

𝑠+𝑘𝑖2

𝑠+𝛼𝑢[z+1]=𝑘1∙ [z]+𝑢 𝑘2∙ [z−1]+𝑢 𝑘3∙ [z]𝑒+ 𝑘4∙ [z−1]+𝑒 𝑘5∙ [z−2]𝑒

11/23

Node

Transient response simulation analysisExhaustive approach:

Full analysis with all controllers and the enhanced techniques

Node

Iter

atio

nsT

rans

ient

[dB

]Number of controllers

analyzed:1. I: 70

2. PID: 4096

3. PII: 4096

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

2

4

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

3

6

9

12

1517

IPIDPII

ISTD

PIDSTD

PIISTD

IPIDPII

ISTD

PIDSTD

PIISTD

Iteration:• Get information• Calculation• Application

12/23

Experimental setup

• 100km links• Two EDFA per link and per direction• 80 continuous wave lasers• 128Gb/s DP-QPSK channels (at 50GHz)

Node 1

Node 2

Node 3

Node 4

Node 5

WSS cardsKEY:

EDFA cards

SOM/SOD cards

Eth. switches 100-km SMF spans

ROADM node

• SDN controller • EDFA gain configuration • lightpath establishment

• NETCONF protocol

13/23

Iterations

Transient response experimental resultsDemonstration the overshoot problem for an I controller (ki = 0.4) without STD enhance technique

5 10 15 20 25 30-6

-2

2

6

I (sim) I (exp)

5 10 15 20 25 30-6

-1

4

912

I (sim) I (exp)

Iterations

Nod

e 4

Nod

e 8

Pow

er [

dBm

]P

ower

[dB

m]

14/23

Iterations

Transient response experimental resultsDynamic power response of the PII controller (kp= 0.05; ki1= 0.1; ki2=0.05) with STD enhance technique for overshoot suppression

5 10 15 20 25 30-6

-4

-2

0

2

PIISTD

(sim) PIISTD

(exp)

5 10 15 20 25 30-6

-4

-2

0

2

PIISTD

(sim) PIISTD

(exp)

Nod

e 4

Nod

e 8

Pow

er [

dBm

]P

ower

[dB

m]

Iterations

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) March 2015

15/23

Adaptive EDFA algorithm

Input powerOut

put

pow

er

Mea

sure

d pa

ram

.Power mask

min

Gai

n

max

Gai

n

Dual-optimization application

Txadd

ROADM 1 ROADM 3

dropRx

Pin Measurment

Gain Search

Given: SDN control

Apply Gain

ROADM 4ROADM 2

16/23

Local equalization algorithm

Dual-optimization application

Txadd

ROADM 1 ROADM 3

dropRx

ROADM 4ROADM 2

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.53 1.535 1.54 1.545 1.55 1.555 1.56-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

WavelengthP

ower

1.531.5351.541.5451.551.5551.56-60-50-40-30-20-10

010

Wavelength

Pow

er

‘

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

17/23

Global equalization algorithm

Dual-optimization application

Txadd

ROADM 1 ROADM 3

dropRx

ROADM 4ROADM 2

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.53 1.535 1.54 1.545 1.55 1.555 1.56-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.531.5351.541.5451.551.5551.56-60-50-40-30-20-10

010

Wavelength

Pow

er

1.53 1.5351.54 1.5451.55 1.5551.56-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Wavelength

Pow

er

1

2TOTAL

N

ii TAA

][minTOTAL wAA TOTALw

Apply Γ

T ≤ allowed tilt?

End

Yes

No

Given: N ≥ 2, W, A{1, …, N - 1} , T

18/23

Dual-optimization application

Adaptive EDFA algorithm Global equalization algorithm

1

2TOTAL

N

ii TAA

][minTOTAL wAA TOTALw

Apply Γ

T ≤ allowed tilt?

End

Yes

No

Given: N ≥ 2, W, A{1, …, N - 1} , T

Input powerOut

put

pow

er

Mea

sure

d pa

ram

.Power mask

min

Gai

n

max

Gai

n

Pin Measurment

Gain Search

Given: SDN control

Apply Gain

Txadd

ROADM 1 ROADM 3

dropRx

ROADM 4ROADM 2

19/23

Test-bed description (SDN controller)

• Sub Controler

• NETCONF-modeling language YANG models ROADM building blocks and its interconnections (ROADM-plugin)

• Application Server

• Node abstraction model

ApplicationServer

SDK-C++

SubController

NETCONF / REST

REST

REST

Adaptive EDFA Global WSS Equalization

Dual-optimization application

SDNcontroller

NodeProperties

Interfaces

Property 1

Property 2

Property N

Interface 1 Interface N

Property 1

Property 2

Property N

...

...

Property 1

Property 2

Property N...

...

Lightpath with: Λ1 = 20 Λ2 = 40 Λ3 = 80

20/23

1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 156010

15

20

25

30

1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 15600

10

20

30

40

LocalLocal + EDFAGlobalGlobal + EDFA

Dual-optimization application (experimental results)

OS

NR

(d

B)

Wavelength (nm)

Att

enua

tion

(dB

)

0 20 40 60 80 1000

5

10

15

20

25

LocalLocal + EDFAGlobalGlobal + EDFA

Number of channels

 Lightpaths (Λ) 20 40 80

Local 13,7 12,9 11,83

Local+EDFA 19,4 16,58 13,86

Global 19,43 21,52 16,43

Global+EDFA 23,3 23,79 20

Mean OSNR (dB)

Wavelength (nm)

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) March 2015

21/23International Conference on Communications (ICC) June 2015

Collaboration activities with UTD Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient

Numerical Modeling Framework

Input power

Out

put p

ower

Mea

sure

d pa

ram

.

Power maskm

in G

ain

max

Gai

n

Module 1: FinerSpectrum Granularity

Module 2: ContinuousInput Power Values

22/23

One of top three scored papers in Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM) May 2015

Collaboration activities with UTD

Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks

•EDFA gain control•Ideal gain•Fixed gain•Noise Figure (NF)-based gain

•WSS power equalization control•Flat output power (FP)•Linear tilted output power (LTP)•Flat OSNR (FOSNR)

•Wavelength assignment algorithm•WA: High-to-low frequency First Fit•WA: Low-to-high frequency First Fit

Lightpath average OSNR versus offered loadWSS: Flat Power equalization, EDFA: Fixed Gain and NF-based gain control.

with NF gain control

fixed gain

23/23

Outline / Summary

Amplification• Automated amplifier characterizer• Field calibration procedure for distributed Raman amplifiers

Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)• Transient response issues in cascaded WSS-based ROADMs

SDN-based dual-optimization application• Adaptive EDFA algorithm• Global WSS equalization algorithm

Collaboration activities with UTD• Estimating EDFA Output Power with an Efficient Numerical Modeling Framework• Network-wide signal power control strategies in WDM networks

Thank You!miquel@cpqd.com.br

www.cpqd.com.br