American Vintage Magazine

THE FEATHER HATS4 DRESSES FOR THE ERA

MADONNA SPEAKSFAMILY TRADITION

AN ALTERNATE TO NASHVILLE

AMERICAN VINTAGE FASHION. HISTORY. FOOD. CULTURE. MUSIC. FUN. ISSUE NO. 323. OCTOBER 24, 2009

AUSTIN, TEXAS;

AMERICAN VINTAGE

MADONNA SPEAKSHistory;

Family TraditionThe Feather HatsFour Dresses to Fit the Era

Going Back to her Material Girl Routes

FASHION. HISTORY. FOOD. CULTURE. MUSIC. FUN. ISSUE NO. 323. OCTOBER 24, 2009

AMERICAN VINTAGE FAMILY TRADITION

THE FEATHER HATSMADONNA SPEAKS

DRESSING THROUGH THE AGES

FASHION. HISTORY. FOOD. CULTURE. MUSIC. FUN. ISSUE NO. 323. OCTOBER 24, 2009

THE COUNTRY’S BEST FAMILY-OWNED EATERIES

4. a m e r i c a n v i n t a g e m a g a z i n e

a m e r i c a n v i n t a g e m a g a z i n e

In Every Issue

Features

2. Letters From The Audience4. Letter From The Editor7. Unique Guide10. Celebrity Interview13. Historical Feature

Madonna bares all in this up close and personal interview. She teels us about her fashion faux pas throughout the ages, as well as her favorite places to thrift shop in America. Madonna loves antiques. She tells us about the costume sshe has kept through the years, as well as of the ones she has do-nated to charity.

Few understand the history behind the feather heats often seen in the many photo-graphs emerging from Victorian America. Where did those exotic hates come from? How could such feathers be found on hats so far away from the homes. This article.

Sophia Lambert walked in to her profession. Her Family has owned Sophia’s Place for Her whole Life. Yes the diner is named after her, and yes she inherited it. Sophia is just one of several people in this country who.

10. Madonna: Then and Now

13. The Feather Trade

17. Sophia Lambert’s Traditon

Contents

a m e r i c a n v i n t a g e m a g a z i n e . 5

Experience Austin, Texas first hand in one man’s diary of a month spent playing music on the streets on street corners three times a week. The city is a musical haven for those who don’t dare brave Nashville.

Sometimes you just want to step back in time. You want to re-discover youself in a past decade. Well if this is true for you, than visit modclothcom for a wide selection of vintage dress to fit iinto your every day life.

We are entering into a deep exploration of macaroni and cheese done the American way. Come experience it first hand, enjoy-ing 10 different recipes of the friendly dish. Your sense are sure to draw you in as soon as the concotion begins baking in the oven. So without further a ado, turn to page.

So without further a ado, turn to page num-ber 27, put your apron on, and dig in to this macaroni extravaganza. Oh, and be sure to bring your friends over for the fun, you can’t have too many hands for these 10.

Austin, Texas20. “Nice to Meet, You’re Here In”

27. Macaroni and Cheese Ten Times

31. Full House Entourage Today

23. Find a Dress to Fit the Decade

You did a terrific job crafting the young boys voice and capturing the innocence and the in-quisitive nature of young children, it was very believable. I really liked the beginning of your story, specifically the subtle way you introduced your characters, the setting, everything – it just seemed to all flow very naturally and easily. One thing that really added a complexity in terms of characterization was how you mentioned that the mother had told Landon that there was no heaven – it was a good juxtaposition to the nanny’s point of view, and set the foun-dation for the story. I wanted to know more about the character of Malachi, was he a well-intentioned homeless man or was he a creepy dude just hanging out at a kids playground. The POV you use allows you to give more information about Malachi and I really think it could add another aspect to your story. On another note, in terms of characters, I really would like to know a little bit more about Landon’s mother. Why is she never around, is she a busy business woman or is she an irresponsible socialite. Also, while I liked how you split up the story by telling the reader about the mythical rationalization of why the sky is blue, I had some problems with it. It all seemed a little bit to quick to me, like you were rushing through telling the story. If you go back and lengthen that part of your story I really think it would be beneficial and allow the reader to grasp more of an understand-ing. I just think its such a cool and interesting story and I want to hear more of it!ficult to clearly define the origins of the English, owing to the close interactions between the English and their neighbours in the British Isles, and the waves of immigration that have added to England’s population at different periods. The conventional view of English origins is that the English are primarily descended from the Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic tribes that migrated to Great Britain following the end of the Roman occupa-tion of Britain, with assimilation of later migrants such as the Vikings and Normans. This version of history is considered by some historians and geneticists as simplistic or even incorrect. The Celts, particularly their use of Brythonic languages such as Cornish, Cumbric, and Welsh), held on for several centuries in parts of England such as Cornwall, Devon, Cumbria, Northumberland, the West Midlands (particlarparts Yorkshire (particularly West Yorkshire). However, the notion of the Anglo-Saxon English has traditionally been important in defining English idenand distinguishing the English from their Celtic th America in another wave of migration, arriving around 1000 CE. Around the same time as the Inuit migrated into North America, Viking settlers began arriving in Green-land in 982 and Vinland shortly thereafter.The Viking settlers quickly abandoned Vinland, and disappeared from Greenland by 1500.Large-scale European colonization of the Americas began shortly after the voyages of Christopher Columbus starting in 1492. The spread of new diseases brought by Europeans and Africans killed most of the inhabitants of North America and South America, with a general population crash of Native Americans occurring in the mid-sixteenth century, often well ahead of European con-tact.Native peoples and European colonizers came into widespread conflict, resulting in what David Stannard has called a genocide of the indigenous populations.Early European immigrants were often part of state-sponsored attempts to found colonies in the Americas. Migration continued as people moved to the Americas fleeing re-ligious persecution or seeking economic opportunities. Millions of individuals were forcibly transported to the Americas as slaves, prisoners or indentured servants.


w . w . w . A m e r i c a n v i n t a g e m a g a z i n e . c o m

Meagan DobsonEditor-In-Chief

}Visit TheWebsite

[HELLO ALL] AMERICAN VINTAGE FASHION. HISTORY. FOOD. CULTURE. MUSIC. FUN.

EDITOR_IN_CHIEF

CREATIVE DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

DESIGN DIRECTOR

MANAGING EDITOR

BUSINESS COORDINATOR

COPY EDITOR

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

BEAUTY DIRECTOR

FASHION DIRECTOR

PHOTO EDITOR

PHOTO ASSISTANT

PHOTO DIRECTOR

GUEST EDITOR

AMERICAN VINTAGE EDITOR_IN_CHIEF

CREATIVE DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVE EDITOR

DESIGN DIRECTOR

MANAGING EDITOR

BUSINESS COORDINATOR

COPY EDITOR

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

BEAUTY DIRECTOR

FASHION DIRECTOR

PHOTO EDITOR

PHOTO ASSISTANT

PHOTO DIRECTOR

GUEST EDITOR

Meagan Mae DobsonJacklyn Lynn PetersTawny BradleySarah SproulEmily Courand

Haley HuntTyler Matthew DobsonNicole PrebleChristopher DobsonHayley Poland

Ruth JonesRhonda PelletierSherrill OsgoodBetty Poulain


Tucson, AZ“The Rug Barn” in Tucson, Arizona is sure to provide you with an array of vintage oriental rugs for every room in your house. I’ve bought nearly all of the rugs in my home here. Hello goodbye, hello goodbye, hello good-bye. One two three four five six seven eight nine ten elev-en twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen.

-Cynthia L. Saunders

San Francisco, CAI just love the color pink. Anything that has the color pink in it is just really cool. I mean, aside from being re-ally cool, anything that has the color pink in it is super sweet. I mean, can you think of anything in the world that has the color pink in it that is not super duper sweet? I just adore the color. I really can not tell you enough.

-Josie Ann Ilovepink

Austin, TXThese boots are made for walking and that is just what they do. One of these days these boots are going to walk all over you. I love you al-ways forever, near or far, close or together, I loveyou always forever, near or far, close or together, I love you always forever near or far, close or together, I love you always forever near or far close or together.

-Sampson S. Sampsonite

Honolulu, HICook visited the Hawaiian islands twice. During his second visit in 1779, he at-tempted to abduct a Hawai-ian chief and hold him as ransom for return of a ship’s boat thae seen from the de-sign of the local Flag of Ha-waii which has the British Union Flag in the corner. I love Hawaii forever and al-ways and forever and always and forever again.

-Joshua Felix Brown

Seattle, WARecycled license plates for decoration can be found at this website founded in Se-attle, Washington in 2007. The business is owned by a husband and wife couple who have been collecting for years. Me and you you and me me and you you and me me and you you and me me and you you and me me and you.

-George Truman

Plymouth, MAAre you a collector of vin-tage telephones or an antique dealer? This antique shop in Massachusetts has an exten-sive collection of old tele-phones that can be used for decoration or other purpose. His and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers, his and hers.

-Sophia Sammy Rogers


[INPUT] Readers Weigh In

MADONNA SPEAKSMADONNA SPEAKS

MADONNA SPEAKSMADONNA SPEAKS

{HISTORY}


AV: In the 1970s and 1980s, Czechoslovakia suffered a revenge for the liberalising 1960s and their culmination, the Prague Spring. The Soviet Union threw the country into a harsh, neostalinist mode and instigated a direct assault on the

AV: Between 1938-1939, Czechoslovakia succumbed to Nazi Germany and after a semi-democratic interregnum in 1945-1948, it became a part of the totalitarian, communist Soviet Bloc in February 1948. Ap-proximately from the mid-1960s, the communist regime found itself on the defensive: reform-ers within the system initiated a sustained push for freedom, using contemporary literature and culture as an instrument of democratisation. This campaign for democratic reform culminat-

M:Czechoslovakia than in the other Central European com-munist countries. As a result, journalism was practically destroyed as a profession. It was particularly destructive that

M:A lack of continuous tradition of professional and/or investigative journalism meant than most of the journalistic.


AV:Where is your favorite place to thrift shop. What are your favorite items to buy. What particular vintage and retro items do you own. Who

AV:Where is your favorite place to thrift shop. What are your favorite items to buy. What particular vintage and retro items do you own. Who is your style icon, whats one fashion trick thats

M:Actually the largest display of Madonna memorabila and costumes was displayed in London last February. It featured 300 pieces from throughout my 25 year career, and included both costumes and clothing. The Material Girl video dress was there.as we reform culminated in the so-called Prague Spring of 1968, a period of several months when Czechoslovakia enjoyed sophisticated coverage of the issues under.

M:Actually the largest display of Madonna memorabila and costumes was displayed in London last February. It featured 300 pieces from throughout my 25 year career, and included both costumes and clothing. The Material Girl video dress was there.as we reform culminated in the so-called Prague Spring of 1968, a period of several months when Czechoslovakia enjoyed sophisticated coverage of the issues under.

M: Freedom Union party, a small political organisation with considerable influence on the Czech media, especially those which are based in Prague. Prá-vo is a left-of-centre daily whose commentary and analysis tends to be of a slightly higher quality than those of MFD. The politi-cal views of Právo are close to the views of the ruling Social Democratic Party. Mladá fronta Dnes is a middle-brow daily of a right-of-centre orientation.

AV: There are currently three major, “serious” daily po-litical newspapers in the Czech Republic (their average daily printruns in December 2001 are given in brackets): Mladá fronta Dnes (The Young Front Today) (309 226), Právo (Our Rights) (213 964) and Lidové noviny (The People´s Paper) (88 835). Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo have gone through a question-able privatisation process (see above) and have developed into privately-owned newspapers from state-owned dailies, pub-

output of the 1990s was timid, unenterprising, superficial and conventional. Most of the print media ended up in foreign hands, there was little fund-ing for systematic, in-depth investigative journalism. Foreign newspaper owners

AV: For the later part of this century the illiteracy rates have been relatively low, registering only about 4 percent as early as 1930. However, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, illiteracy was very common. In 1870, 20 percent of the entire.

M:Czechoslovakia than in the other Central European com-munist countries. As a result, journalism was practically destroyed as a profession. It was particularly destructive that

M: The gap in illiteracy between white and black adults continued to narrow through the 20th century, and in 1979 the rates were about the same. The historical data show in.

M: Malcolm X taught himself how to read and write in prison when he realized he couldn’t express himself effectively.


AV:Where is your favorite place to thrift shop. What are your favorite items to buy. What particular vintage and retro items do you own. Who is your style icon, whats one fashion trick thats stayed forever.

AV: The status of the African-American population today is a direct result of the work of hun-dreds of men and women who followed the voices of male and female reformers throughout history. Many of those reform-ers spoke education of social.

M: Throughout history Eastern Europe and Russia have seen a variety of different political forc-es influencing the media. The role of the government through-out the years in Eastern Europe has often included press control. In 2009 this region has had a drop in press freedom. Many journalists have been murdered in Bulgaria and Croatia and have been assaulted in Bosnia. Rus-sia’s score on the press freedom scale declined when govern-ment forces were unwilling to protect journalists from attacks.

M: 80 percent of the black population was illiterate. By 1900 the situation had improved somewhat, but still 44 percent of blacks remained illiterate. The statistical data show significant improvements for black and other races in the early portion of the 20th century as the former slaves who had no educational opportunities in their youth were replaced by younger individuals who grew up in the post Civil War period and often had to.

AV: In general, Eastern Euro-pean and Russian media have experienced shifts in media press freedom. In 1984 none of Eastern Europe had a free press. Today most countries are at least partly free. The shifting in press freedom can be sm limit sources on independent information are also present in Eastern Europe and Russia. Hello goodbye, hello goodbye. Hi Bye . Thank you I really appreciate it. Thank

AV: In our presentation we hope to cover a variety of subjects influencing the media in Eastern Europe and Russia. For now, we have answered some important questions regarding the current state of the media in this part of the our end of the se-mester presentation. The special problems and advantages the Eastern European and Russian media faces. This topic includes the relevant regional, and coun-try specific current conditions.

AV: War and several unsuc-cessful attempts have been made to emulate the pre-war example since 1989. Today information is accessible through all types of mediums including: books, tele-vision, radio, and the internet, but racism and racial stereo-types in America will always abound as long as a difference in literacy levels continues to stifle social mobility. “Between Mr. Muhammad’s teachings, my correspondence, my visitors- usually Ella and Reginald- and my readings passed without.

4 For The

Era

1950’s inspiredJean-Pierre Cardin

$278

1960’s inspiredIsabelle MortonFor Target$47

Got a Theme Party?50’s

60’s


[FASHION]

70’s

80’s

1970’s inspiredLous VuittonNYC Store Only$867

1980’s InspiredBetsey Johson

Newbury St.$1,062

Got a Theme Party?Dress Accordingly.


Austin

exas, Austin is the sixteenth largest city in the United States and the fourth largest in Texas with a population approaching 700,000 people. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Austin-Round Rock metropol-itan area is one of the fastest growing in the United States, and has a population of ap-proximately 1.4 million peo-ple. Austin is located in central Texas. It is an hour and twenty minutes north of San Antonio, and a little over three hours northwest of Houston.

Austin is home to three Fortune 1000 companies, including.+ Whole Foods Market. Austin-San Marcos is ranked as the 40th ie U.S. City" in a survey conducted in 2003 by Cranium Inc. Fac-tors taken into account in the ranking include: the number of sports teams, restaurants, dance perfoances, toy stores, the amount of a city's budget

that is spent on recreation, and other factors. Austin is also a past winner of the covete "All-Amerca City Award" from the National Civic League. The area was settled in the 1830s on the banks of the Colorado River by pioneers who named the village Waterloo.[7] In 1839, Waterloo was chosen to become the capital of the newly independent Republic of Texas.

The city was renamed af-ter Stephen F. Austin, known as the father of Texas.[7] The city grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas.[8] After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a major city and emerged as a center for technology and business.[7] Today, Austin is home to

many companies, high-tech and otherwise, including the headquarters of three Fortune 500 corporations, Dell, Whole Foods Market, and Freescale Semiconductor.[9] Austin was selected as the No. 2 Best Big City in “Best Places to Live” by Money magazine in 2006, and No. 3 in 2009, also the “Greenest City in America” by MSN.[10][11] According to CNN

The Austin music scene began attracting national at-tention in the 1970s with art-ists such as Willie Nelson and venues such as the Armadillo World Headquarters. Today, Austin is known as much for its cultural life as its high-tech innovations.[7] Austin is situ-ated on the Colorado River, with three man-made (arti-ficial) lakes within the city limits: Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Walter E. Long. Additionally, the foot of

Lake Travis, including Man-sfield Dam, is located within the city’s limits. Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Travis are each on the Colo-rado River. The city is also situated on the Balcones Fault, which, in much of Austin, runs roughly the same route as Loop 1 (Mopac Expressway). The eastern part of the city is flat, whereas the western part and western suburbs consist of scenic rolling hills on the edge of the Texas Hill Country. Be-cause the hills to the west are primarily limestone rock with a thin covering of topsoil, por-tions of the city are frequently subjected to flash floods from

Live.

{MUSIC}


T

The music scene here is alive.

It is ecstatic.

esidents of Austin are known as "Austinites" and include a diverse mix of university professors, students, politicians, musicians, state employees, high-tech work-ers, blue-collar workers, and white-collar workers. The main campus of the University of Texas is located in Austin. Austin is a center for arts and culture. Austin of-fers gardens, museums, the performing arts, and more. Some of Austin's more notable gardens and museums include:

The Austin Museum of Art-Laguna Gloria The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center The Lyndon Baines John-son Library and Museum The Texas Memorial Museum The Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum The Zilker Botanical Gardens For patrons of the performing arts, Austin is home to many fine performing arts attractions. Some of the more notable include:

The Austin Chamber Music Center The Austin Civic Chorus The Austin Civic Orchestra The Austin Lyric Opera The Austin Symphony Orchestra Ballet Austin The Paramount Theatre The Zachary Scott The-atre Austin also plays host to numerous festivals every year, including an nual film/music/multimedia festival known as South by Southwest, the Austin City Limits Music Festival, Carnaval, Eeyore's Birthday Party, the Old Settler's Music Festival, the Urban Music Festival, and more. http. Prior to the arrival of settlers from the United States, the area that later became Austin was in-habited by a variety of nomadic Native American tribes, including the Tonkawa tribe, the Comanches, and the Lipan Apaches.

Early on, the Texas Congress formed a commission to seek a site for a new capital to be named Austin. Mi-rabeau Lamar, (second President of the newly-formed Texas republic), advised the commissioners to investi-gate the area named Waterloo. Waterloo was chosen and Edwin Waller was picked by Lamar to survey the village and draft a plan laying out the new capital. The origi-nal site was narrowed to 640 acres (259 ha) that fronted the Colorado River between two creeks, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek, which was later named in honor. The fourteen-block grid plan was bisected by a broad north-south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol was to be constructed. A temporary one-story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th streets. On August 1, the first auction of 306 lots was held. The grid plan that Waller designed and surveyed

now forms the basis of the streets of downtown Austin.Initially, the new capital thrived. But Lamar’s political enemy Sam Houston used two Mexican army incursions to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government to Washington-on-the-Brazos. Remaining Austin residents responded to the threat by forcibly keeping the national archives in their city in defiance of President Houston’s attempts to bring them to Washington (Texas Archive War). Once the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States became official in 1845, delegates wrote a new state constitution in which Austin was again named the seat of state. The Texas State Capitol was completed in 1888, and claimed as the 7th largest build-ing in the world.

In September 1881, Austin public schools held their first classes. The same year, Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute (now part of Huston-Tillotson Univer-sity) opened its doors. The University of Texas at Austin held its first classes in 1883.

A popular point of prominence in Austin is Mount Bonnell. At about 780 feet (238 m) above sea level, it is a natural limestone formation overlooking Lake Austin on the Colorado River, with an observation deck about 200 feet below its summit. From the observation deck, many homes are visible.The soils of Austin range from shallow, gravelly clay loams over limestone in the western outskirts to deep, fine sandy loams, silty clay loams, silty clays or clays in the city’s eastern part. Some of the clays have pro-nounced shrink-swell properties and are difficult to work under most moisture conditions. Many of Austin’s soils, especially the clay-rich types, are slightly to moderately alkaline and have free calcium carbonate.

Austin has a humid subtropical climate, character-ized by hot summers and mild winters.[19] On average, Austin receives 33.6 inches of rain per year, with most of the precipitation in the spring, and a secondary maxi-mum in the fall. During springti.tornados are rare in the city Austin summers are usually hot and humid, with Wintapproximately biannually Austin may suffer an ice storm that freezes roads over and affects much of the city for 24 to 48 hours.[19] Monthly averages for Aus-tin’s weather data are shown in a graphical format to the right, and in a more detailed tabular format below

R

LISTINGS:

12/12 : THE WHITE STRIPES; PHOENIX LANDING 12/18 : MOE; THE HOUSE OF BLUES 12/ 24: SPEAK EASY; THE PARADISE ROCK CLUB 12/27: TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE; DEVIL’S DEN


[CULTURE]


“My family has owned this business for years. I will take over some day.” -Andrea from “Leo’s By Night,” Providence, Rhode Island

“ ‘Gossip on the Green’ has been in the family for decades, my brother and I are totally taking over.” - Scott in San Francisco, California.

“Our kids are young, but they love helping out just as we did as children.” -The Youngs of “Youngs’ Restaurant,” Cleveland, Ohio,

Although the majority of Eastern Eu-ropean countries outline freedom of expression as well as of the press in

their constitutions, government intervention and threats often lead to self-censorship in an attempt for journalists to avoid abuse and harassment. While Freedom House ranked eight countries in our region “free” and eight countries “partly free,” Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova still experience little to no freedom of the press or of expression.

According to Freedom House’s annual media study, 2008 saw a drop in press free-dom in every region of the world, marking the seventh consecutive year that global press freedom has declined. “The region with the biggest drop in press freedom was Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, with journalists murdered in Bulgaria and Croatia and assaulted in Bosnia. Russia’s score declined with the judiciary unwilling to protect journalists from attacks, as well as the frequent targeting of independent media by regulators” (freedomhouse.org).

As press freedom continues to drop, the internet and other forms of digital media are increasing in popularity, in large part due to the lack of regulations placed on online me-dia distribution outlets. However, “as internet and mobile phone use explodes worldwide, governments are adopting new and multiple means for controlling these technologies that go far beyond technical filtering” (freedom-house.org). This has created trends such as the “outsourcing of censorship,” or “the use of surveillance and the manipulation of online conversations by undercover agents” (freedomhouse.org), generally conducte by private companies.

According to Freedom House’s special report/study “Access and Control: A grow-ing diversity of threats to internet freedom,” “as the internet and other new media come to dominate the flow of news and informa-tion around the world, governments have re-sponded with measures to control, regulate, and censor the content of blogs, websites, and text messages” (Karlekar and Cook). While new forms of citizen journalism con-tinue to explode in popularity, governments worldwide are tightening restrictions im-

posed on online outlets; countries with tradi-tionally repressive governments have already implemented “a pervasive, sophisticated, and multilayered system of censorship that sig-nificantly limits the content that citizens can access or post on the internet and transmit via mobile phones, particularly when it comes to topics deemed sensitive by the authorities”. For countries with a slightly less restric-tive government, however, “the internet has emerged as a haven of relatively free speech in otherwise restrictive media environments”.

While the internet and emerging forms of digital media have been an asset to even the most repressed countries, the report ex-amined several common “key findings and trends,” both positive and negative, among internet freedoms and restrictions globally. Negative trends include: expanding forms of censorship, privatization of this censorship, a lack of transparency/accountability, and legal and technical attacks. Positive trends for the spread of the internet were: growing civic ac-tivism, higher rates of internet freedom than traditional forms of freedom, and poverty’s lack of influence over new media freedoms (Karlekar and Cook). While this growing trend continues to positively influence media freedom worldwide, the constant threats and harassment endured by global journalists re-sults in strict self-censorship.

relegate the blacks to the status of People judge each other while walking down the street, while sitting next to each other in res-taurants, and even while taking notes next to one another in class. Similarly, people define The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture that first appears 11,500 rcbp radiocarbon years ago, at the end of the last glacial period, characterized by the manufac-ture of “Clovis points” and distinctive bone and ivory tools. Archaeologists’ most precise determinations at present suggest that this ra-diocarbon age is equal to roughly 13,500 to 13,000 calendar years ago.

Numerous other reasons have been sug-gested to be the driving force for the ob-served changes in the archaeological record, such as an extraterrestrial impact event or post-glacial climate change with numerous faunal extinction

Family Owned EateriesBESTLOCATIONS:

Jill's Place: Boston, MA

Renaldos: New York, NY

Johnny D’s: Somerville, MA

Romeos: Coastal Maine

Thelma & Louise: L..A., CA

a m e r i c a n v i n t a g e m a g a z i n e .21

“My family has owned this business for years. I will take over some day.” -Andrea from “Leo’s By Night,” Providence, Rhode Island

“ ‘Gossip on the Green’ has been in the family for decades, my brother and I are totally taking over.” - Scott in San Francisco, California.

“Our kids are young, but they love helping out just as we did as children.” -The Youngs of “Youngs’ Restaurant,” Cleveland, Ohio,

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