Ch. 6 – The Duel for North America

France Finds a Foothold in Canada 1608: France successfully established a colony at Québec the leading figure was Samuel de Champlain, an intrepid soldier and explorer whose

energy and leadership barely earned him the title father of the New France Champlain entered into friendly relations with nearby Indian tribes France attacked the Iroquois Indians in order to gain access to the Ohio Valley They made long-lasting enmity with the Iroquois who eventually sided with the British in

the struggle for the continent Government in New France (Canada) fell under royal control as no commercial

companies can handle the settlers. New France enjoyed no freedom from the monarch whatsoever

New France Fans Out New France contains beaver, which is a very valuable resource French fur trappers ranged over woods and waterways of North America and

relentlessly captured beavers for their fur The fur trade had disastrous drawbacks: Indians were decimated by the white man’s

diseases Fur trappers hiked over amazing distances and caused incalculable ecological damage French Catholic missionaries, notably the Jesuits labored zealously to save the Indians

for Christ and fur-trappers.

The Clash of Empire three old world nations, England, France, Spain are competing for the New World these nations who were struggling for the domination in Europe as well as in America the warfare was mainly guerrilla warfare, no nation is willing to commit professional

troops 1713: Peace was signed in Utrecht and Britain provided its America colonies with

decades of salutary neglect

George Washington Inaugurates War with France as the dogfight intensified in the New World, the Ohio Valley became the chief bone of

contention between the French and the British the Ohio country was a critical area into which westward pushing English would have to

penetrate, it was also teach the French as it will provide a critical link to their Canadian holdings

1749: a group of colonial spectators from England, chiefly the Virginians including Washington family, a secure shaky legal rights to some 500,000 acres in this region

1754: Gov. of Virginia Usher George Washington, a 21-year-old surveyor, onto the stage of history to secure the Virginian claims.

Washington was sent to Ohio country as lieutenant in the command about 150 Virginian militiamen. One day met the French, the Virginians fired the first shots of global warfare

the French promptly returned with the reinforcements surrounded Washington and his hastily constructed Fort, Fort necessity.

Although Washington was forced to surrender his entire command, he was permitted to march his men away with full honors of war.

Global War and Colonial Disunity the first three Anglo-French colonial war had all started in Europe, but the tables were

now reversed. The seven-year war started: England, Prussia versus France, Russia, Spain, Austria the French wasted most of his strength in the European bloodbath that they're unable

to throw adequate force the New World in previous colonial classes, that American have revealed an astonishing lack of unity. 1754: the British government summoned the inter-colonial Congress to Albany, New

York. Short Term Purpose was to keep the Indian tribes loyal to the British in the spreading

war, the Chiefs are presented with 30 by gallows of gifts including guns long-term purpose was to achieve greater colonial unity and thus bolstered the

common defense against France Benjamin Franklin and, a wise and witty counselor was a leading spirit of the Albany

Congress his outstanding contribution was a well devised scheme for colonial home rule and

Albany delegates unanimously adopted the plan although individual colonies and in London every Jima posted

all people now agreed to need have a strong union

Braddock’s Blundering and Its Aftermath the opening clashes of the French and Indian war was commanded by Gen. Braddock, a

60-year-old officer experience in European warfare. 1755: Gen. Braddock set out with 2000 men to capture Fort Duquesne a considerable part of his force consisted of ill disciplined colonial militiamen, was

behind the tree methods of finding Indians was not what Braddock expected Heavy artillery was dragged slowly through the forest with axemen hacking a path in the

front the enemy retreated into the bushes and poured a murderous fire upon the ranks of

redcoats. The British suffered heavy losses (bad map awareness) inflamed by this easy victory, the Indians to go wider warpath. The whole frontier from

Pennsylvania to North Carolina felt their furry George Washington, with only 300 men, tried desperately to defend the scorched

frontier 1756: British launched a full scale invasion of Canada, now the undeclared war in

America has at last merge into a world conflict

1757: Pitt became a foremost leader in the London government, his policies resulted in victories against the French in Canada

the Battle of Québec in 1759 was one of the most significant engagements in the British and American history

1760: Montréal fell the French flag-waving Canada for the last time. France was thrown completely off the continent of the New World

Great Britain emerged as a dominant power in North America, while taking its place at leading naval power of the world

Restless Colonials the colonials then merge increasing confidence in their military strength they have gained die you will experience fighting along the British regulars, officers friction had developed during the war between arrogant English officers and the new

colonial officers the British refused to recognize any American militia commission above the rank of

captain – but the motion ameliorating to Colonel George Washington energetic and hard-working American settlers believed themselves to be the cutting

edge of British /civilization. They felt that they deserve credit rather than contempt for risking their lives to secure a new world Empire

Americans: A People of Destiny the removal of French in Canada profoundly affected American attitudes. The settlers

can now freely roam the former French territory with the Spanish and French gone for the territory the and is no longer had the

weapon’s negotiations to put European powers against each other since menu precarious situation the Indian chief led several tribes onto a brief campaign

to drive the British out of Ohio Valley. The surprise attack killed almost 2000 colonies in backcountry Pennsylvania

their Americans retaliated and crushed Indians land hungry American colonies were now free to first over the dam of the Appalachian

Mountains 1763: added nowhere to London government issued its Proclamation, if flatly prohibited

the settlement in the area beyond Appalachian the document was not designed to oppress the colonials, but the workout the Indian

problem fairly and prevent another bloody eruption the anger Americans completely defied the proclamation and moved west