American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998.
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Transcript of American Government McGraw- Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998.
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Number and composition of Circuits set forth by 28 U.S.C. 41
The 13 federal judicial circuits and 94 U.S. district courts
Source: Administrative Office of the United States Courts (January 1983).
9Guam
12Federal Circuit
Washington, D.C.
13D.C. CircuitWashington,
D.C.
3Virgin
Islands
1Puerto Rico
Circuit boundariesState boundariesDistrict boundaries
WA
OR
NV
CAUT
AZ NM
TX
OK
KS
NE
SD
NDMT
IDWY
CO MO
IA
MNWI
IL
KYTN
ALMS
MI
OHIN
AR
LA
GA
FL
SC
NC
VA
PA
NY
ME
DC
DE
VT
RI
NJ
WV
NH
MD
CT
MA
9AK
HI 9
9
10
8
5
7
11
4
3
2
1
6
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
State Courts ofLast Resort
SUPREMECOURT
Court ofAppeals (13)
Court ofAppeals for theFederal Circuit
DistrictCourts (94)
Court ofInternational
Trade
U.S. ClaimsCourt
CourtsMartial
Court ofMilitary Appeals
(and otherlegislative courts)
Major federal courts
From McKenna: The Drama of Democracy, 3rd Ed.
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Year
Num
ber
of c
ases
Cases filed in the U.S. Supreme Court, 1938-1993
Source: Reprinted with permission from The United States Law Week, vol. 56, 3102, vol. 59, 3064, vol. 61, 3098, copyright (c) by the Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Decade
Num
ber
of L
aws
Economic and civil liberties laws (federal, state, and local) overturned by the Supreme Court
Source: Harold W. Stanley and Ricahrd G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics, 4/e, Congressional Quarterly Press, Inc., 1994), p. 309. Reprinted with permission.
EconomicCivil liberties
0
40
80
120
160
200
1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s
Series2Series1
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
The high court in profile
Source: Supreme Court. Reprinted with permission from the New York Times.
Position at Time Age at TakingTook Office of Appointment Oath Age in 1997
Appointed by Richard M. NixonWilliam H. Rehnquist 1971 Assistant Attorney General 47 73
Appointed by Gerald R. FordJohn Paul Stevens 1975 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 55 77
Appointed by Ronald ReaganSandra Day O’Connor 1981 Judge, Arizona Court of Appeals 51 67Antonin Scalia 1986 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 50 61Anthony M. Kennedy 1988 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 51 60
Appointed by George BushDavid H. Souter 1990 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 51 58Clarence Thomas 1991 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 43 49
Appointed by Bill ClintonRuth Bader Ginsburg 1993 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 60 64Stephen B. Breyer 1994 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals 55 58
Average ages 51 63
Am
erican Governm
ent A
merican G
overnment
McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Nominees not confirmed by the senate
Source: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service. Reprinted from Congressional Quarterly, Inc., with permission.
a
b
Date of SenateNominee President Senate Action Action
John Rutledge (for chief justice) Washington Rejected December 15, 1795Alexander Wolcott Madison Rejected February 13, 1811John J. Crittenden John Q. Adams Postponed February 12, 1829Roger Brooke Taney Jackson Postponed March 3, 1835John C. Spencer Tyler Rejected January 31, 1844Reuben H. Walworth Tyler Withdrawn, 1844Edward King Tyler Postponed June 15, 1844Edward King Tyler Withdrawn, 1845John M. Read Tyler Not acted upon, 1845George W. Woodward Polk Rejected January 22, 1846Edward A. Bradford Fillmore Not acted upon, 1852George E. Badger Fillmore Postponed February 11, 1853William C. Micou Fillmore Not acted upon, 1853Jeremiah S. Black Buchanan Rejected February 21, 1861Henry Stanbery Andrew Johnson Not acted upon, 1866Ebenezer R. Hoar Grant Rejected February 3, 1870
Not acted upon, 1881
George H. Williams(for chief justice) Grant Withdrawn, 1874
Caleb Cushing (for chief justice) Grant Withdrawn, 1874Stanley Matthews HayesWilliam B. Hornblower Cleveland Rejected January 15, 1894Wheeler H. Peckham Cleveland Rejected February 16, 1894John J. Parker Hoover Rejected May 7, 1930Abe Fortas (for chief justice) Lyndon Johnson Withdrawn, 1968Homer Thornberry Lyndon Johnson Not acted upon, 1968Clement F. Haynsworth Jr. Nixon Rejected November 21, 1969G. Harrold Carswell Nixon Rejected April 8, 1970Robert H. Bork Reagan Rejected October 23, 1987Douglas H. Ginsburg Reagan Withdrawn, 1987