Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


Physical and Cognitive Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Development in Middle

ChildhoodChildhood

Chapter EightChapter Eight


I.I. Aspects of Physical DevelopmentAspects of Physical Development

A. GrowthB. Nutrition and Dentition

1.Malnutrition2. Obesity3. Tooth Development and

Dental CareC. Motor Development and

Physical Play


II.II. Health, Fitness, and SafetyHealth, Fitness, and Safety

A. Exercise: Maintaining Health and Fitness1. Competitive Sports

2. Children’s Understanding of Health and Illness


1. Acute and Chronic Medical Conditions2. Vision and Hearing Problems3. Asthma4. HIV and AIDS

B. Medical Problems


1. Increase in Frequency

C. Accidental Injuries

2. Common Causes of Serious Injury and Death


III.III. The Concrete Operational ChildThe Concrete Operational ChildA. Advances in Cognitive Abilities

1. Conservation2. Classification3. Seriation and Transitive Inference4. Numbers and Mathematics5. Distinguishing Between Fantasy

and Reality


1. Morality of Constraint2. Morality of Cooperation

B. Moral Reasoning


IV.IV. Aspects of Cognitive DevelopmentAspects of Cognitive Development

A. Memory1. How Memory Works2. Metamemory: Understanding

Memory3. Mnemonics: Strategies for

Remembering4. External Aids5. Rehearsal6. Organization7. Elaboration


B. Intelligence

1. Aptitude and Achievement Tests2. Group and Individual Tests

a. Otis-Lennon School Ability Test

b. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC - III)

c. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)


3. Pros and Cons of Intelligence Testinga. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligencesb. Problems Assessing Aptitude

4. Ethnic and Cultural Differencesa. Genetic Differencesb. Environmental Differences


c. How Can Children of Asian Extraction Achieve So Much?

d. Role of Language

5. Cross-Cultural Testing


C. Language1. Vocabulary, Grammar, and Syntax

2. Pragmatics: Knowledge About Communication

3. Literacy and Social Interaction4. Second-Language Education


A. The ChildB. The ParentsC. The TeacherD. The Educational System

V.V. Influences on School AchievementInfluences on School Achievement

E. Enhancing Thinking Skills and Creativity

F. The Culture


VI.VI. Children with Special Educational Children with Special Educational Needs and StrengthsNeeds and StrengthsA. Children with Learning Problems

1. Mental Retardation2. Hyperactivity and Attention Deficits3. Learning Disabilities4. Educating Children with Disabilities


1. Lives of Gifted Children

B. Gifted, Creative, and Talented Children

2. Defining, Measuring, and Fostering Creativity

3. Educating Gifted, Creative, and Talented Children

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

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Transcript of Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.