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k|0f g]kfnthe Hesperian Foundation

Early Assistance Series for Children with Disabilities

afnsx? dfgj hLjgsf] cGo pd]/df eGbf klxnf] kf“r jif{leq w]/} / rf8f] ljsf; x'G5g\ . o; k':tsdf pNn]lvt ;fwf/0f lqmofsnfkx? >j0fzlQm;DaGwL ;d:of ePsf jf alx/f afnaRrf ePsf cfdfafa', jo:s alx/fx¿, ;d'bfo cfwfl/t ljsf;] sfo{stf{x¿, :jf:Yo sfo{stf{, k|lzIfsx¿, / cGo ljz]if1x¿n] s/Lj !& jif{ nufP/ tof/ ul/Psf x'g\ . oL lqmofsnfkx¿n] >j0fzlQm;DaGwL ;d:of ePsf afnaflnsfsf] Ifdtfx? ljsf; ug{sf nflu cfdfafa', x]/rfxug]{ JolQm, lzIfs, :jf:Yosfo{stf{x?, k'g:yf{kgfdf ;+nUg ;]jLx? / cGonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5g\ . o; k':tsdf lbOPsf hfgsf/Lx?sf] ljleGg ljifox?df cfk\mgf] a'emfO{nfO{ cem ;d[4 ug{ pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ ;fy} lgDg ljifox?df pkof]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M

™ lsg afnsx¿n] af]Ng jf ;f+s]lts efiff hfGg' cfjZos 5 / lsg l;sfOg' k5{ ™ slt;Dd ;'Gg ;S5 d"Nof°g ug{ ™ ;+rf/ ug{, Wofg lbg / ;fdflhs lzkx¿ ljsf; ug{™ cfdf afa'nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ™ alx/f afnsnfO{ lzIff lbg ™ afnsnfO{ x'g;Sg] of}g b'Jo{jxf/ /f]Sg™ alx/f]kg /f]Sg .

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ha tkfO{ +, tkfO{ +sf ldqx? / 5/l5d]sx?;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug'{ x'G5, To;a]nf ;d[4 ;d'bfo / ;fdflhs Gofoo'Qm ljZj lgdf{0f ug]{ cflTdotf l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . ha xfdL ;d'bfox?nfO{ alx/f afnaflnsfx? x's{g;Sg] :yfg agfpg]5f}+, ta xfdL ;a}sf] hLjg ;'wf/ x'g]5 .

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ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx?df s/Lj !$ s/f]8 ckf·kg ePsf afnaflnsfx? /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . tL afnaflnsfx?n] hLjgsf] klxnf] jif{df k|fKt ug]{ Wofg / :ofxf/ pgLx?sf] eljiosf] ljsf;sf nflu zlQmzfnL sfd xf] . ;'?jftL ;xof]u dfnfdf hGd]b]lv % jif{;Ddsf ckf·kg ePsf afnsx?nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;DaGwL ^ j6f k':tsx? 5g\ . oL k':tsx?n] cfdfafa', kl/jf/, ldqx? tyf :jf:Yosfo{stf{x?nfO{ ckf·kg ePsf afnsx?;+u 3lgi6 agfp“b} ckf·kgsfaf/] a'e\mg / ;fwf/0f tyf pko'Qm ljsf;d"ns lqmofsnfkx? u/]/ aRrfnfO{ l;Sg / x's{g ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5g\ . o;df ;dflji6 ljifox? ljZje/sf s}og ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;xeflutf u/fP/ ljsl;t ul/Psf]5, To;}n] ljleGg ;+:s[ltsf cg'ofoLx?aLrdf klg pkof]uL / nfu" ug{ ;lsg]5g\ . oL k':tsx?n] lgDg ljifox?sf af/] JofVof u/]sf5g\M

™ afnssf] ckf·kgsf] Jofkstfsf] d"Nofs+g™ l;sfO lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;xof]uaf6 afnssf] ljsf;df ;xof]u™ ckf·kgsf] sf/0f / o;sf] pkrf/ / /f]syfd™ ckf·kg ePsf afns x'sf{p“bfsf r'gf}ltx?sf ;fdgf™ ckf·kg ePsf afnssf] ;]jf ;'wf/ ug{ cGo ;d'bfosf

;b:ox?;+u sfo{ / o:tf afnsnfO{ ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo clz+of/ x'g ;xof]u .

x/]s k':tsx? ;/n efiffdf / w]/} lrqx? /fv]/ k|sfl;t ul/Psf 5g\ . oL x/]s k':tsx?df lgDg hfgsf/L lbg] ljifo j:t'x¿ 5g\ M

;+j]bgzLn tyf Jojxf/hGo ;d:ofx¿ ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k/]df, Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\;af6 k|efljt afnaRrfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k/]df / o'4 / lx+;flkl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k/]df .

tL ;xof]udfnfx¿ dWo] xfn g]kfnLdf pknAw k':tsx¿M™ b[li6ljlxg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k/]df ™ alx/f afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k/]df

The Hesperian FoundationP.O. Box 11577

Berkely, California 94712-2577 United States of AmericaTel : (510) 845-4507, Fax : (510) 845-0539

email : bookorder@hesperian.orghtt:\\ www.hesperain.org

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k|0f g]kfnthe Hesperian Foundation

Early Assistance Series for Children with Disabilities

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x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zg :yfgLo cfjZostf cg'?k lgMz'Ns jf gfkmf/lxt ljt/0fsf nfluo; k':tssf ;Dk"0f{ jf s]xL efu jf lrqx¿ kmf]6f]skL ug{, k'gM d'b|0f ug{ jf ?kfGt/0fug{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .

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o; k':tssf] jf o;sf c+zsf] cg'jfb jf ?kfGt/0f ug'{ cufl8 k':tsdf /x]sf ;"rgfsf]k|of]u, lbOPsf ;"rgfsf] cBfjlwsf lglDt / k|of;x¿ gbf]xf]l/pmg\ eGgsf nflu x]:k]l/ogkmfpG8]zgsf ;'emfjx¿ lng'xf];\ . o; k':tssf c+zx¿, lrqx¿ ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf k':tssf]Ps k|lt x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zgnfO{ pknAw u/fpg'xf];\ .

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PRAN Nepal(Participatory Response and Action Network)PO Box: 1216, Kathmandu, NepalPhone: 2044175Email: prannepal@gmail.com

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alx/f x'g'nfO{ k"j{–hGdsf] sd{sf] k|ltkmnsf ?kdf a'e\mg] of nfG5gf tyf x]oefj / e]befj ug]{ k|rngoqtq kfOG5 / g]kfn klg o;df c5"tf] 5}g . o;f] x'Fbf alx/f afns / sdhf]/ >j0fzlQm ePsfafnssf] /fd|f];Fu x]/rfx ul/b}g . p;sf] sf}t'xntf / l;Sg] k|lqmofnfO{ cfdfafj' tyf cleefjsx¿n]/fd|/L u|x0f gug]{ dfq xf]Og, To; k|lqmofdf cfk"m ;lDdlnt x'Fb}gg\ . o;f] x'Fbf alx/f afnsx¿sf]lzz'sfnsf] a[l4 / zfl//Ls ljsf;df afwf k'U5, ;f] pd]/df l;Sg'kg]{ ;Lk / Ifdtf l;Sg ;Sb}gg\/ kmn:j?k alx/f JolQmn] ;sf/fTds hLjgofkg ug{ g;Sg] x'G5g\ . o;sf/0f ljsf;–sfo{df ;+nUgsfo{stf{x¿n] hgdfg;df /x]sf] alx/f;DaGwL cGwljZjf;nfO{ x6fpg] sfo{df nfUg' clt cfjZos5 . ;fy} of] eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ alx/f afnaflnsfx¿ klg ;sf/fTds hLjgofkg ug{ ;S5g\ eGg]s'/f cleefjsnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 . o;f] ePdf cleefjsx¿ cfk\mgf alx/f afnsx¿sf]:ofxf/df :g]xk"j{s nfUg]5g\ / afnsx¿nfO{ hLpg] ;Lkx¿ l;sfpg tof/ x'g]5g\ . t/, o;af/]dfl;sfpg] ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? g]kfndf cefj /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/k"lt{ ug{sf nflu k|oTg ul/g' cfjZos5 .

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of] k':ts c+u|]hLdf k|sflzt Helping Children Who Are Deaf gfds k':tssf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f xf] .o;sf] k|sfzg ljZjk|l;4 k|sfzg u[x x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zg, Soflnkmf]lg{of, -8fS6/ gePdf gfdsk':tssf] k|sfzs_ / Knfg OG6/g]zgnsf] d'Vofnoåf/f ul/Psf] xf] . ;+of]ujz, o;sf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0fdfKnfg g]kfnsf] cf+lzs cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu k|0f g]kfnaf6 cg'/f]w ul/g' xfd|f] nflu ;f}efUo g} ag]sf]5 . of] g]kfnL ;+:s/0fsf] lgb]{lzsf k|sfzgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ cjz/ lbg' ePsf]df k|0f g]kfnnfO{Knfg g]kfnsf] tk{maf6 xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

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alx/fx¿sf] ckfª\utf vfnL ;+rf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf dfq xf] . olb alx/fx¿nfO{ ;+rf/ ug]{ ;Lk lbg ;lsPdfpgLx¿ ;d'bfosf ;lqmo ;b:o aGg ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf] ;Lk ;f+s]lts efiff g} xf] . of] k':ts c+u|]hLdf k|sflztHelping Children Who Are Deaf gfds sf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f xf], t/ o;nfO{ ;+s]t nufot s}og ljifodfg]kfnL kl/j]zdf 9fNg vf]lhPsf] 5 . o;sf] cª\u|]hL efiffsf] k|sfzg 8fS6/ gePdf gfds k':ts k|sfzgu/]/ tyf ljZjsf s}og efiffdf k|sfzg ug{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] k|Voft x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zgn] u/]sf] xf] . ;f]kmfpG8]zgaf6 of] k':ts xfdLn] g]kfnLdf k|sfzg ug]{ cg'dlt dfUof} / kfof}+ klg . o:tf] cg'dlt dfUg'sfxfd|f] s]xL sf/0fx¿ 5g\, tL af/] d oxfF s]xL pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' .

;j{k|yd, xfd|f] ;+:yf k|0f g]kfn s]xL jif{otf cfGtl/s lj:yflkt vf;u/L afnaRrfsf] lzIff ;DaGwdf sfo{ul//x]sf] 5 . t/, ;doqmddf vf; cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaRrfx¿sf] ;d:of lj:yflktx¿sf] h:t} hl6n /st}af6 Wofg glbOPsf] xfdLn] dxz'; u¥of}+ . oxL qmddf xfdLn] x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zgsf] æb[li6ljlxg afnaRrfnfO{;xof]u ug'{ k/]dfÆ gfds k':ts k]mnf kf¥of+} / cg'dlt lnO{ k|sfzg u¥of}+ . of] lgs} pkof]uL ePsf]af/] xfdLnfO{k[i7kf]if0f eof] . o;sf] ljt/0f eO/x]sf a]nf xfdLn] x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zgsf] j]j;fO6df æalx/f afnaRrfnfO{;xof]u ug'{ k/]dfÆ gfds cª\u|]hL k':tsdf k|sfzg ePsf] hfgsf/L kfof}+ / o;sf] 8fpgnf]8 u/L x]bf{ of]alx/fsf] b[li6df eGbf alx/f afnaRrfsf dftflktfx¿sf nflu pkof]uL x'g] 7x¥ofof}+ . xfd|f] ;+:yfsf] sfo{bf}/fgdf xfdLn] s] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+, eg] vf; l:yltdf /x]sf afnaRrfx¿sf] vf; cfjZostf / ;d:ofx¿af/];Daf]wg ug{ w]/} k|oTgx¿ ePsf 5g\, t/, tL afnaRrfsf] lrGtfdf cxf]/fq cfFz' 8'jfpg] dftflktfx¿sfnflu hfgsf/L lbg] ;"rgf ;|f]t eg] ck|of{Kt 5g\ . o; s'/fnfO{ dgg ub}{ xfdLn] cl3Nnf] k':ts k|sfzg u/]sflyof}+ / ;f]xL sf/0fn] g} of] k':ts klg k|sfzg u/]sf xf}+ . ;a}nfO{ k|i6 xf]cf];\ ls of] k':ts dftflktfsfnflu dfu{bz{g xf] ;fy} alx/fx¿sf nflu klg of] pkof]uL x'g ;Sg]5 eGg] xfd|f ] ljZjf; 5 .

cGtdf of] k':ts k|sfzg ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;a} dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . vf;u/L of]k':ts k|sfzg ug{ cg'dlt lbg] / cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ x]:k]l/og kmfpG8]zg / gk'u cfly{s ;xof]usf nflupT;fxsf ;fy tof/ x'g] Knfg g]kfnsf /fli6«o lgb]{zs 8f]gfn lsg\ / x]Ny sf]cl8{g]6/ z]/ axfb'/ /fgfk|lts[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . cGtdf o; k':tssf] k|sfzgdf k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf?kdf ;+nUg x'g] ;j}nfO{ wGojfblbg rfxG5' . alx/f :s'n gS;fnsf k|c gf/fo0feQm >]i7, ldgf zfx, ;'lgtf >]i7 / lzz' sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿sf];sf/fTds ;xof]uk|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . se/ kmf ]6f ]sf nflu k|Hjn e§/fO{nfO{ wGojfb .

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cWofo @ M /fd|/L ;'Gg g;Sg] afnsnfO{ z'?d} ;xof]u rflxG5 !#afnaflnsfn] gof ;Lk s;/L ljsf; u5{g\ === !$ alx/f afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fg}df ;xof]u ============ !*efiff l;sfO ====================================== !% gfgLnfO{ ;xof]u rflxG5 eg]/ s;/L yfxf======== !*s;/L efiffn] dl:tissf] ljsf;df================ !&

cWofo # M efiff lzIf0fsf nflu dfu{bz{gx¿ @!;s];Dd a9L ;+rf/ ug]{ ug'{xf];\ ================= @! gfgLsf] l;sfOdf ;xof]u ug]{ ======================= @^lqmofsnfknfO{ kl/jf/sf] b}lgs hLjgdf======== @@ cfk\mgf] gfgLnfO{ ;'xfp“bf lqmofsnfkx¿=========== #!oL lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ w]/} JolQmx¿n]============ !^

cWofo $ M cfwf/e"t ;+rf/ ;Lkx¿ ##;+rf/ ug{ s;/L l;S5g\ ======================== #$ 3/]n' ;ª\s]tx¿åf/f s'/fsfgL ug'{xf];\ ============= $);+ª\s]tx¿ k|of]u ug{ tyf af]Ng l;sfpg ;ª\s]tsf pbfx/0fx¿================================== $@ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? ====================================== #& gfgLnfO{ cfjfhx¿ lgsfNg k|f]T;flxt ug{'xf];\ ==== $$

cWofo % M gfgLn] s] s:tf] ;'Gg ;S5< $&cfjfhsf k|sf/af/] a'´fO========================== $* gfgLsf] ;'Gg] zlQm s;/L hf“r ug]{=================== %!gfgLn] s:tf cfjfhx¿ ;'Gg ;S5 <============ %)

cWofo ^ M ;'gfO ;Lkx¿ %(cfdfafa'nfO{ s]xL pkfox¿====================== ^! gfgLnfO{ cfjfh klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u =============== ^@

cWofo & M efiff 5gf]6 / l;sfO ^&afnaflnsfn] s;/L efiff l;S5g\ < ============= ^* ;fª\s]lts efiffsf] k|of]u=============================== &#efiff / ;f]rfO–zlQm ;“u;“u} ljsf; x'G5g\====== ^( jf0fL efiffsf] k|of]u ==================================== &%;fª\s]lts efiff / jf0fL efiff ==================== &@

cWofo * M ;fª\s]lts efiff k|of]usf] l;sfO *%cfk\mgf] gfgLnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf ;ª\s]tx¿ gfgLnfO{ ;f]Rg k|f]T;flxt ug{ k|Zgx¿l;sfpg ;xof]u ug]{ pkfox¿==================== *& ;f]Wg] ug]{ ug'{xf];\====================================== = ((;ª\s]t l;Sg ug{;lsg] tl/sfx¿================ *( alx/f afnaflnsfsf cfdfafa'x¿nfO{b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;ª\s]tx¿sf] a'´\g]========= ($ ;fª\s]lts efiff l;sfpg]===============================!)#b'O{ jf ;f]] eGbf al9 ;ª\s]tx¿sf] k|of]u ======= (&

cWofo (M af]lng] efiff k|of]usf] l;sfO !)%gfgLnfO{ jf0fL–Wjlg l;Sg s;/L ;xof]u ug]{====!)^ gfgLnfO{ zAb s;/L pRrfx/0f ul/G5 eGg] ===== !!@gfgLnfO{ klxnf zAbx¿ l;Sg s;/L =========== !)& gfgLnfO{ yk zAbx¿ l;Sg ;xof]u ug]{=========== !!$gfgLnfO{ ;/n k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg c¿n] k|of]u u/]sf zAb ;d"xx¿ a'‰g] =========== !!^s;/L k|f]T;flxt ug]{================================ !!! zAbx¿sf ;d"xx¿ -jfSo lgdf{0f_ ug{sf========= !!*

cWofo !) M ;fdflhs ;Lkx¿ !@!afnaflnsfx¿n] ;fdflhs ;Lk s;/L========= !@@ gfgLsf] Jojxf/ s;/L Joj:yfkg ug]{===============!@%alx/f]kgn] ;fdflhs ;Lk l;sfOnfO{ gfgLsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ s;/Lyk sl7g agfp“5 ================================= !@$ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ =========================================== !#@

cWofo !! M alx/f afnsx¿;“usf] ;xsfo{ !#(;d'bfo s] xf] < !#( cfk\mgf alx/f afnssf] cGo alx/f JolQmx¿aLr;d'bfonfO{ alx/f afnsx¿sf nflu 3'nldn u/fpg'xf];\ ================================= !$&;xh :yfg agfpg] ================================ !$@ alx/f afnsx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ul/Psf ;xof]uL ;d"xx¿sf] lgdf{0f ====================== !$^ k|of;x¿af6 ;a}nfO{ kmfObf x'G5 ================= !$(

cWofo !@ M lzIff !!^ljBfnox¿ / efiff =============================== !%$ /fd|f ljBfnox¿n] alx/f afnsx¿sf]alx/f afnsx¿ c? ljBfyL{x?;“u} Ps} cfjZostf k"/f u5{g\================================= !^)sIffx¿df k9\g ;S5g\============================ !%% /fd|f ljBfnox¿n] gfgLnfO{ hLjgofkgalx/f afnsx¿n] cfk\mg} ;d"xdf l;Sg========= !%& ug{ ;Sg] ;Lk lbg ;S5g\ . ========================= !^$

cWofo !# M afns of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] /f]syfd !^&afns of}g b'Jo{jxf/af/] s]xL tYox¿========== !^* d]/L gfgLdfly b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] 5 eg]/lsg alx/f afns of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] ============ !^( d}n] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <============================== !&^of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] /f]syfd========================== !&! gfgLdfly b'Jo{jxf/ ePsf] z+sf nfu]df============ !&&

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kl/lzi6 s M >j0f ;xfos oGq ================================================================================= @!(kl/lzi6 v M j[mltd slSnof h8fg / ;'gfO================================================================= @@&kl/lzi6 u M afn ljsf; tflnsf =============================================================================== @#!

o; k:tssf af/]dfo; k':tsdf, xfdLn] ;a} aRrfx?sf cfjZostfx? k|lt k|ltlqmof ug{ tyf Wofg lbgsf nflu Jojxfl/s,tyf l;h{gfTds ;"rgfx?, ljj/0fx?, ;'emfjx?, pbfx/0fx? / ljrf/x? lbPsf 5f}+ . x/]s alx/f jf>j0fzlQm sdhf]/ ePsf aRrfx? cf–cfk\mgf ljz]iftf ePsf x'G5g\, pgLx?sf ToxL ljz]if Ifdtfx?tyf cfjZostfx?nfO{ :g]xk"j{s cg's"n ug{;Sg] tf}/tl/sfx? tyf lqmofsnfkx? pgLx?sf nfluHofb} ;xof]uL x'G5g\ .

xfdL hlt ;S5f}+, xfdLn] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx?sf] JofVof ug'{ k5{ / ug'{kg]{ s'g} klg s'/fsf] sf/0fx?lbg'k5{ . ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? jf cEof;x? ug'{sf k5fl8sf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx?nfO{ a'e\mgfn],cfdfafa'n] s'g} klg s'/fx?nfO{ cg's'ngx? ug{ ;S5g\ . pgLx?n] :yfgLo ;|f]t;fwgx? / cf–cfk\mgfIf]qj/k/ ePsf cj;/x?sf] /fd|/L ;b'kof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .

o; k':tsdf, xfdLn] ‘alx/f aRrf’ eGgfn] k6Ss} g;'Gg] aRrfnfO{ eg]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ‘>j0fzlQmsdhf]/ ePsf] aRrf’ eGgfn] s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf cfjfhx? ;'Gg ;Sg] aRrfx?nfO{ eg]sf 5f}+ . s'g}s'g} a]nf xfdLn] b'j} k|sf/sf aRrfx?nfO{ a'emfpg kg]{ cj:yfdf xfdLn] ‘alx/f aRrf’ jf ‘>j0fzlQmsdhf]/ ePsf] aRrf’ eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf 5f}+ . sxL+ sxL+ ;lhnf]sf nflu t/ cgy{ gnfUg] cj:yfdf‘>j0fzlQm sdhf]/ aRrf’ klg eg]sf 5f}+ .

lrqsf af/]of] k':ts c+u|]hLdf tof/ ul/Psf] x'gfn]o;sf s}og lrqx? c+u|]hL ;+:s/0fs}klg 5g\, clwsf+znfO{ g]kfnL e]ife"iffcg';f/ lrq agfOPsf] 5 . oL lrqx?g]kfn emNsfpg]sf ;fy} ab\ln+bf] e]ife'iffnfO{klg ofb lbg] u/L agfOPsf 5g\ .

o; k':tsdf xfdLn] ;+rf/ s;/L b]vfPsf 5f}+ <xfdLn] ;+rf/nfO{ # j6f tl/sfx?af6 b]vfPsf 5f}+, af]n]/, ;f]r]/ / ;+s]t -;+s]t efiffdf ;+rf/ ug]{xft / z/L/sf] rfn u/]/_ .

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ljZjdf hlt efiffx? af]lnPnfg\ Tolt g} ;fª\s]lts efiffx? x'g;S5g\ . k|foh;f]tL e/v/}dfq k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf gx'g ;S5g\, ;fª\s]lts efiff Oltxf; hlQs}k'/fgf] 5 . w]/} d'n'sx?df cf}krfl/s /fli6«o ;fª\s]lts efiff 5g\ . o;}u/L s}ogd'n'sx?df If]qLo ;fª\s]lts efiffx? klg x'g;S5g\ .

o; k':tsdf ePsf clwsf+z lrqx? g]kfn alx/f ;+3åf/f k|sflzt ;f°]lts efiffJofs/0f gfds k':tsaf6 lnOPsf] 5 . s}og ;dofefjsf sf/0fn] alx/f ;+3x?;Dks{ /fVg g;lsPsfn] d"n c+u|]hL k':tsaf6 lnOPsf 5g\ . o;sf/0f o;dfePsf lrqx?af6 ;fª\s]lts efiff l;Sg k|ofz gug'{ xf];\ . olb o;f] ug'{ eof] eg]tkfO{sf ufpF3/sf alx/f afnsx?n] tkfO{+n] u/]sf] ;+s]t ga'e\mg ;S5g\ . o;sf/0ftkfO{+n] ;f°]lts efiff Jofs/0faf6 l;Sg'xf];\ . ofb ug'{xf];\, ;fª\s]lts efiff hfg]sfalx/f JolQm g} c;n lzIfs x'g;S5g\ .

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o; k':tssf] klxnf] cWofon] aRrfsf] >j0fzlQm gePsf] cj:yfdf s}og afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/n]ef]Ug' kg]{ ;d:ofx?sf af/]df 5 . cWofo b'O{df cfdfafa' tyf cGon] afnaflnsfsf] Ifdtf clt /fd|/Lljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofP/ leGg} cj:yf tof/ ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . oxL cWofo@ n] o; k':tssf] ljleGg efux?df s] s] s'/f ul/G5 eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fp“5 .x/]s cWofodf tkfO{+nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ yk ;"rgf cGo efudf klg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .

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o; k':tssf] klxnf] cWofon] aRrfsf] >j0fzlQm gePsf] cj:yfdf s}og afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/n]ef]Ug' kg]{ ;d:ofx?sf af/]df 5 . cWofo b'O{df cfdfafa' tyf cGon] afnaflnsfsf] Ifdtf clt /fd|/Lljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'/\ofP/ leGg} cj:yf tof/ ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . oxL cWofo@ n] o; k':tssf] ljleGg efux?df s] s] s'/f ul/G5 eGg] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fp“5 .

x/]s cWofodf tkfO{+nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ yk ;"rgf cGo efudf klg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .

efiffsf af/]

o; k':tsdf afnsnfO{ ;se/ ln· g5'l§g] u/L ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . d"n k':ts c+u|]hLdf ePsfæpmÆ / æpgLÆ h:tf zAbx¿nfO{ Ps} ln·df ul/Psf] 5 . o;df cfb/fyL{ zAbx¿ k|of]u gul/g'dfpgLx¿k|lt cgfb/ xf]Og, :g]x xf] .

;Demg'xf];\, ;j} afnaflnsfnfO{ xfd|f] :g]x / ;xof]usf] b/sf/ 5 / pgLx¿ :g]x / ;xof]usf xsbf/5g\ .