ALTERNATIVE MODES OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION. TO ENUMERATE AND DISTINGUISH THE THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES....

ALTERNATIVE MODES OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION

•TO EN UMERATE A N D D ISTIN GUISH THE T HERA PEUTIC

PROCED URES.

•TO ID EN TIF Y THE A LTERN ATIV E IN D IV ID UA L CL IN ICA L

TREATMEN TS, THERA PIES A N D P ROGRA MS.

•TO D ETERMIN E THE DIF F EREN T T REATMEN T

MOD A LIT IES A N D A VA RIET Y OF N EW TECHN OL OGIES.

•TO UN DERSTA N D THE BEST P RA CT ICES A CROSS

ORIEN TATION IN ORD ER TO MA X IMIZE THEIR

EF F ECTIV EN ESS WIT H THEIR CL IEN T S.

OBJECTIVES

I T O F T E N H A P P E N S T H I S WA Y. P R O B L E M S S E E M T O G O F R O M B A D T O

W O R S E – T H E T R I G G E R C O U L D B E S E V E R E P R E S S U R E S AT W O R K , A N

A C R I M O N I O U S F I G H T W I T H Y O U R S P O U S E , O R A C H I L D ’ S U N R U LY

B E H AV I O R S P I R A L I N G O U T O F C O N T R O L . AT S O M E P O I N T, Y O U

R E C O G N I Z E D T H AT I T M I G H T B E P R U D E N T T O S E E K P R O F E S S I O N A L

A S S I S TA N C E F R O M A T H E R A P I S T, B U T W H E R E D O Y O U T U R N ? I F Y O U

A R E L I K E M O S T P E O P L E , Y O U W I L L P R O B A B LY H E S I TAT E B E F O R E

A C T I V E LY S E E K I N G P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P. P E O P L E H E S I TAT E B E C A U S E

T H E R A P Y C A R R I E S A S T I G M A , B E C A U S E T H E TA S K O F F I N D I N G A

T H E R A P I S T I S D A U N T I N G , A N D B E C A U S E T H E Y H O P E T H AT T H E I R

P S Y C H O L O G I C A L P R O B L E M S W I L L C L E A R U P O N T H E I R O W N - W H I C H

D O E S H A P P E N S O M E R E G U L A R I T Y.

From Crisis to Wellness-But Was it the Therapy?

W H E N P E O P L E F I N A L LY D E C I D E T O P U R S U E M E N TA L H E A LT H C A R E ,

I T I S O F T E N B E C A U S E T H E Y F E E L L I K E T H E Y H AV E R E A C H E D R O C K

B O TT O M I N T E R M S O F T H E I R F U N C T I O N I N G A N D T H E Y H AV E N O

C H O I C E . M O T I VAT E D B Y T H E I R C R I S I S , T H E Y E N T E R I N T O

T R E AT M E N T, L O O K I N G F O R R AY O F H O P E . W I L L T H E R A P Y H E L P

T H E M T O F E E L B E TT E R ?

I T M AY S U R P R I S E Y O U T O L E A R N T H AT T H E A N S W E R G E N E R A L LY

W O U L D B E “ Y E S ” , E V E N I F P R O F E S S I O N A L T R E AT M E N T I T S E L F

U TT E R LY W O R T H L E S S A N D T O TA L LY I N E F F E C T U A L . P E O P L E

E N T E R I N G T H E R A P Y A R E L I K E LY T O G E T B E TT E R , R E G A R D L E S S O F

W H E T H E R T H E I R T R E AT M E N T I S E F F E C T I V E , F O R T W O M A J O R

R E A S O N S : P L A C E B O E F F E C T S A N D R E G R E S S I O N T O WA R D T H E M E A N.


P L A C E B O E F F E C T S O C C U R W H E N P E O P L E ’ S E X P E C TAT I O N S L E A D

T H E M T O E X P E R I E N C E S O M E C H A N G E E V E N T H O U G H T H E Y R E C E I V E A

FA K E T R E AT M E N T. C L I E N T S G E N E R A L LY E N T E R T H E R A P Y W I T H

E X P E C TAT I O N S T H AT I T W I L L H AV E P O S I T I V E E F F E C T S , A N D A S W E

H AV E E M P H A S I Z E D T H R O U G H O U T T H I S T E X T, P E O P L E H AV E A

R E M A R KA B L E T E N D E N C Y T O S E E W H AT T H E Y E X P E C T T O S E E .

B E C A U S E O F T H I S FA C T O R , S T U D I E S O F T H E E F F I C A C Y O F T H E

M E D I C A L D R U G S A LWAY S I N C LU D E A P L A C E B O C O N D I T I O N I N W H I C H

S U B J E C T S A R E G I V E N FA K E M E D I C AT I O N. P L A C E B O E F F E C T S C A N B E

P O W E R F U L A N D S H O U L D B E TA K E N I N T O C O N S I D E R AT I O N W H E N E V E R

E F F O R T S A R E M A D E T O E VA LUAT E T H E E F F I C A C Y O F S O M E A P P R O A C H

T O T R E AT M E N T.


R E G R E S S I O N T O WA R D T H E M E A N O C C U R S W H E N P E O P L E W H O S C O R E

E X T R E M E LY H I G H O R L O W O N S O M E T R A I T A R E M E A S U R E D A S E C O N D

T I M E A N D T H E I R N E W S C O R E S FA L L C L O S E R T O T H E M E A N ( AV E R A G E ) .

R E G R E S S I O N E F F E C T S W O R K I N B O T H D I R E C T I O N S : O N T H E S E C O N D

M E A S U R E M E N T H I G H S C O R E R S T E N D T O FA L L B A C K T O WA R D T H E

M E A N A N D L O W S C O R E R S T E N D T O C R E E P U P WA R D T O WA R D T H E

M E A N. F O R E XA M P L E , L E T ’ S S AY W E WA N T E D T O E VA LU AT E T H E

E F F E C T I V E N E S S O F A O N E - D AY C O A C H I N G P R O G R A M I N T E N D E D T O

I M P R O V E P E R F O R M A N C E O N T H E S AT T E S T. W E R E A S O N T H AT

C O A C H I N G I S M O S T L I K E LY T O H E L P S T U D E N T S W H O P E R F O R M E D

P O O R LY O N T H E T E S T, S O W E R E C R U I T A S A M P L E O F H I G H S T U D E N T S

W H O H AV E P R E V I O U S LY S C O R E D I N T H E B O TT O M 2 0 % O N T H E S AT.


T H A N K S T O R E G R E S S I O N T O WA R D T H E M E A N, M O S T O F T H E S E

S T U D E N T S W I L L S C O R E , H I G H E R I F T H E Y TA K E T H E S AT A

S E C O N D T I M E . S O O U R C O A C H I N G P R O G R A M M AY L O O K E F F E C T I V E

E V E N I F I T H A S N O VA LU E . B Y T H E WAY, I F W E S E T O U T T O S E E

W H E T H E R O U R C O A C H I N G P R O G R A M C O U L D I N C R E A S E T H E

P E R F O R M A N C E O F H I G H S C O R E R S, R E G R E S S I O N E F F E C T S W O U L D

B E W O R K I N G A G A I N S T U S . T H E P R O C E S S U N D E R LY I N G

R E G R E SS I O N T O WA R D T H E M E A N A R E C O M P L E X M ATT E R S O F

P R O B A B I L I T Y, T H E Y C A N B E A P P R O X I M AT E D B Y A S I M P L E

P R I N C I P L E : I F Y O U A R E N E A R T H E B O TT O M , Y O U H AV E A L M O S T

N O W H E R E T O B U T U P. I F Y O U A R E N E A R T O T O P, Y O U H AV E

A L M O S T N O W H E R E T O G O B U T D O W N.


1. M A N Y C L I N I C I A N S A N D T H E I R C L I E N T S B E L I E V E T H AT M A N A G E D C A R E H A S R E S T R I C T E D A C C E S S T O M E N TA L H E A LT H C A R E A N D U N D E R M I N E D I T S Q U A L I T Y. O N E R E S P O N S E T O T H E D E M A N D S O F M A N A G E D C A R E H A S B E E N T O I N C R E A S E R E S E A R C H E F F O R T S T O VA L I D AT E T H E E F F I C A C Y O F S P E C I F I C T R E AT M E N T S F O R S P E C I F I C P R O B L E M S.

2. C O M B I N AT I O N S O F I N S I G H T, B E H AV I O R A L A N D B I O M E D I C A L T H E R A P I E S A R E O F T E N U S E D F R U I T F U L LY. M A N Y M O D E R N T H E R A P I S T S A R E E C L E C T I C , U S I N G I D E A S A N D S T R AT E G I E S G L E A N E D F R O M A N U M B E R O F T H E O R E T I C A L A P P R O A C H E S .

3. T H E H I G H LY C U LT U R E - B O U N D O R I G I N S O F W E S T E R N T H E R A P I E S H AV E R A I S E D D O U B T S A B O U T T H E I R A P P L I C A B I L I T Y T O O T H E R C U LT U R E S A N D E V E N T O E T H N I C G R O U P S I N W E S T E R N S O C I E T Y. B E C A U S E O F C U LT U R A L , L A N G UA G E , A N D A C C E S S B A R R I E R S , T H E R A P E U T I C S E R V I C E S A R E U N D E R U T I L I Z E D B Y E T H N I C M I N O R I T I E S I N A M E R I C A .

Current Trends and Issues in Treatment

T H E S E M O D E S O F I N T E RV E N T I O N R E F L E C T T R E N D S I N

P S YC H O L O G Y, T H AT V I E W I N D I V I D UA L S ’ B E H AV I O U R A S A

R E F L E C T I O N O F T H E R E L AT I O N S H I P S Y S T E M T H E Y I N H A B I T.

T H E S E A P P R O A C H E S A SS U M E T H AT P S YC H O L O G I C A L

P R O B L E M E X I S T W I T H I N S O C I A L C O N T E X T E A C H

E M P H A S I Z E S I N T E RV E N T I O N S I N C LU D E G R O U P S, C O U P L E S

A N D FA M I LY T H E R A P Y; C O M M U N I T Y M E N TA L H E A LT H

P R O G R A M S ; P R E V E N T I O N E F F O RT S A N D S E L F H E L P. A L S O

I N C LU D E T H E N E W T R E AT M E N T M O D A L I T I E S S U C H A S

C O M P L E M E N TA RY / A LT E R N AT I V E M E D I C I N E , S P I R I T UA L LY,

M I N D F U L N E SS, A N D A VA R I E T Y O F N E W T E C H N O L O G I E S.

INTRODUCTION

GROUP THERAPYIT WAS THE FIRST SOCIAL ORIENTED THERAPY. IT EMPHASIZES IN UNDERSTANDING AND ALLEVIATING DISTURBANCES IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AS REVEALED IN A GROUP SETTING.

JOSEPH PRATT HE WAS THE FIRST TO PRACTICED GROUP THERAPY AT THE TURN OF 20 T H CENTURY IN BOSTON.

Socially Oriented Clinical Interventions

S H A R I N G N E W I N F O R M AT I O N T H E G R O U P L E A D E R M AY O F F E R A D V I C E A N D A D V I C E M AY A L S O C O M E S F R O M O T H E R M E M B E R S O F A G R O U P W H O S H A R E T H E I R E X P E R I E N C E S . I N S T I L L I N G H O P EN O T O N LY O N E C A N C O N F I D E N C E B E I N S T I L L E D B Y T H E T H E R A P I S T S , B U T G R O U P M E M B E R S C A N P R O V I D E H O P E A N D C A N C O M M E N T O N P O S I T I V E C H A N G E S T H AT T H E Y S E E I N O T H E R M E M B E R S . U N I V E R S A L I T YI T H E L P S T H E I R M E M B E R S T O L E A R N T H AT T H E Y A R E N O T A L O N E I N T H E I R F E A R S , L O W M O O D S , O R O T H E R D I F F I C U LT I E S . A LT R U I S MG R O U P S G I V E T H E C L I E N T A C H A N C E T O D I S C O V E R T H AT T H E Y C A N H E L P O T H E R P E O P L E .

Therapeutic Factors in Group Therapy

I N T E R P E R S O N A L L E A R N I N GI T P R E S E N T S R E P E AT E D O P P O RT U N I T I E S T O P R A C T I C E F U N D A M E N TA L S O C I A L S K I L L S W I T H VA R I O U S T Y P E S O F P E O P L E A N D W I T H I M M E D I AT E F E E D B A C K O N P E R F O R M A N C E .

G R O U P C O H E S I V E N E SSM E M B E R S O F C O H E S I V E G R O U P A C C E P T O N E A N O T H E R , W I L L I N G T O L I S T E N T O A N D T O B E I N F LU E N C E D BY T H E G R O U P.

C O H E S I V E N E SS M O S T I M P O RTA N T FA C T O R I N U N D E R LY I N G T H E B E N E F I C I A L E F F E C T S O F G R O U P T H E R A P Y.

Therapeutic Factors in Group Therapy

IT USUALLY CONSISTS OF 6 – 12 MEMBERS AND IS

EITHER HOMOGENOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS

GROUP. GROUP MEETINGS USUALLY LAST ABOUT 1

– 2 HOURS. THEY ARE LONGER THAN SESSIONS OF

INDIVIDUAL THERAPY BECAUSE IT TAKES MORE

TIME FOR ALL OF THE CLIENTS IN A GROUP

SESSIONS TO SHARE THEIR EXPERIENCES AND TO

PROCESS THE INFORMATION THAT IS PRESENT.

The Practice of Group Therapy

IT IS ONE OF THE MORE COMMON TYPES OF GROUP

THERAPY IN USE TODAY. THEY FOCUS IN LEARNING

AND ON SHARING INFORMATION RATHER THAN ON

GROUP PROCESS.

Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (Pseudoeducational groups)

IT FOCUSES ON DISTURBED RELATIONSHIP

RATHER THAN ON INDIVIDUALS WHO HAPPEN TO

BE IN A RELATIONSHIP. IT EMPHASIZES ON

COMMUNICATION PATTERNS WITHIN CLOSE

RELATIONSHIPS, THERAPISTS WHO WORK WITH

COUPLES WHO WORK WITH FAMILIES AND VICE

VERSA.

Couples and Family Therapy

IT FOCUSES ON DYAD RATHER THAN INDIVIDUAL

PARTNER. COUPLES SEEK THERAPY BECAUSE OF

PROBLEMS IN AFFECTION AND COMMUNICATION.

THE THERAPY FOCUSES MAINLY ON RELATIONSHIP

DIFFICULTIES BUT IT SOMETIMES BE COMBINED

WITH OTHER METHODS DESIGNED TO ADDRESS

OTHER PROBLEMS.

COUPLES THERAPY

THE THERAPIST SEES BOTH MEMBERS OF THE

COUPLE AT THE SAME TIME. THIS IS ESPECIALLY

IN SEPARATION COUNSELING .

Conjoint therapy

THE GOALS AND TECHNIQUES OF COUPLE THERAPY

DEPEND PARTLY ON THE CONFLICTS THAT ARE THE

MOST PRESSING FOR EACH COUPLE AND PARTLY ON

THE THEORETICAL ORIENTATION OF THE THERAPIST.

IN GENERAL, MOST COUPLE THERAPISTS TEND TO

EMPHASIZE PROBLEM SOLVING. THE TOUCHSTONE OF

PROBLEM SOLVING IS TEACHING THE COUPLES HOW TO

COMMUNICATE AND NEGOTIATE MORE EFFECTIVELY

WITH EACH OTHER.

T H I S T H E R A P Y A I M S T O C H A N G E PA T T E R N S O F F A M I LY I N T E R A C T I O N S

S O A S T O C O R R E C T D I S T U R B A N C E S I N T H O S E I N T E R A C T I O N S . T H I S

A R O S E F R O M R E C O G N I T I O N T H A T T H E P R O B L E M S O F I N D I V I D U A L

C L I E N T S O C C U R I N S O C I A L C O N T E X T S A N D H AV E C O N S E Q U E N C E S .

F A M I LY T H E R A P Y O F T E N B E G I N S W I T H A F O C U S O N A FA M I LY M E M B E R

W H O I S H AV I N G PA R T I C U L A R LY N O T I C E A B L E P R O B L E M S . T Y P I C A L LY,

T H I S I D E N T I F I E D C L I E N T I S A M A L E C H I L D W H O M T H E PA R E N T S L A B E L

A S H AV I N G A N U N M A N A G E A B L E B E H AV I O U R P R O B L E M O R A G I R L W H O I S

W I T H D R A W N A N D S A D .

T H E C O M M O N G O A L O F FA M I LY T H E R A P Y I S T O I M P R O V E D

C O M M U N I C A T I O N A N D T O E L I M I N A T E D I S T R A C T I O N W I T H I N T H E F A M I LY.

FAMILY THERAPY

•E C O L O G I C A L FA M I LY I N T E R V E N T I O N T H E R A P Y ( E C O F I T ) U S E D T E C H N I Q U E S W H E R E I N T H E Y T R Y T O T E A C H FA M I LY M E M B E R S A LT E R N AT I V E , N O N - C O E R C I V E WAY S O F C O M M U N I C AT I N G T H E I R N E E D S . T H E Y A L S O E N C O U R A G E E A C H FA M I LY M E M B E R T O C O M M U N I C AT E C L E A R LY W I T H O T H E R S , E D U C AT E T H E M I N B E H AV I O U R - E X C H A N G E P R I N C I P L E S A N D D I S C O U R A G E B L A M I N G O F T H E I D E N T I F I E D C L I E N T F O R A L L FA M I LY P R O B L E M S .

•FA M I LY T H E R A P Y A L S O T E N D S T O F O C U S M O R E C L O S E LY O N B E H AV I O U R A L TA R G E T S A N D M E T H O D S . F O R E X A M P L E B E H AV I O U R A L PA R E N T T R A I N I N G O R A L S O K N O W N A S PA R E N T M A N A G E M E N T T R A I N I N G W H E R E I N T H E Y U S E D E F F E C T I V E T R E AT M E N T O F E X T E R N A L I Z I N G B E H AV I O U R P R O B L E M I N C H I L D R E N S U C H A S A G G R E S S I O N.

•T H E PA R E N T- C H I L D I N T E R A C T I O N T H E R A P Y, T H I S T H E R A P Y A L L O W S T H E R A P I S T S T O W O R K W I T H B O T H PA R E N T S A N D C H I L D R E N A N D D I R E C T LY C O A C H E S PA R E N T S A B O U T H O W T O I N T E R A C T W I T H T H E I R C H I L D .

There are techniques for conducting family therapy. These are the following:

ONE OF THE PRIMARY GOALS OF COMMUNITY

PSYCHOLOGY IS TO HELP INDIVIDUALS ADAPT TO

AND COPE WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT. ANOTHER

IS TO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES OF DISORDERS

MORE BROADLY AND WHEN POSSIBLE, TO MODIFY

COMMUNITY LEVEL CAUSES BEFORE THEY HAVE AN

OPPORTUNITY TO NEGATIVELY INFLUENCE

INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS.

COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY

a) UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL

PROBLEMS.

b) PREVENTING BEHAVIORAL DYSFUNCTION

c) CREATING LASTING SOCIAL CHANGE

Psychological Principles

•1 9 5 0 ’ S A N D 1 9 6 0 ’ S – A N A R R AY O F I N F LU E N C E S C A M E T O G E T H E R T O

A C C E L E R AT E T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F C O M M U N I T Y P S Y C H O L O G Y.

•1 9 5 2 – S H O R TA G E S O F M E N TA L H E A LT H P R O F E S S I O N A L S T O D E L I V E R

I N D I V I D U A L T R E AT M E N T.

•1 9 5 9 – S O C I O P O L I T I C A L T U R M O I L O V E R C I V I L R I G H T S , G E N D E R

E Q U A L I T Y, P O V E R T Y, A N D T H E V I E T N A M WA R A N D PA S S A G E O F T H E

C O M M U N I T Y M E N TA L H E A LT H C E N T E R S A C T I N 1 9 6 2 , W H I C H P R O V I D E D

F U N D S F O R T H E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F C O M P R E H E N S I V E M E N TA L H E A LT H

C E N T E R .

A Brief History of Community Psychology

•1973 - BENEFITS OF TRADITIONAL

PSYCHOTHERAPY.

•1977 - SKEPTICISM ABOUT THE RELIABILITY AND

VALIDITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF

DISORDERS.

A Brief History of Community Psychology

•AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY

PSYCHOLOGY

•COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL

•JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY

American Psychological Association Journals

SOCIAL – SYSTEM CHANGE •INTERESTED IN PROMOTING SOCIAL- SYSTEM LEVEL CHANGES THAN IN PROMOTING PERSON- ORIENTED CHANGES.

•EMPHASIZE INDIRECT SERVICES THAT HAVE NO PARTICULAR TARGET CLIENT BUT ARE EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE BENEFITS BECAUSE THE SOCIAL- SYSTEM CHANGES THEY PRODUCE RADIATE TO INTENDED TARGET GROUPS.

Principles and Methods that Differentiate Community Psychology from Traditional

Clinical Traditional

PRO M O T I NG A PSYC HO LO GI C AL SE N SE O F C O MM U NI T Y

•ST RE N GT HE N T HE AB I L I T Y O F A C O M M UNI T Y T O PL AN AND

I M PLE M E NT I T S O WN C HANG E S BY PRO MO T I N G A

PSYC HO LO GI C AL SE NSE O F C O M MU NI T Y.

PARAPRO FE SSI O NALS

•E N C O URAG I NG PARAPRO FE SSI O N AL S T O PROVI DE B E HAVI O R

C HANG E FU NC T I O N S I S A C O RNE RS T O NE O F C O MM U NI T Y

PSYC HO LO GY.

•I N DI GE NO U S PARAPRO FE SSI O NALS T HE Y ARE DRAWN FRO M

T HE VE RY G RO UPS T HAT WI L L RE C E I VE T HE I R SE RVI C E S.



USE OF A CT IV ISM

SOCIA L A CT IV ISM IS T HE USE OF P OW ER T O A CCOM P LISH

SOCIA L REF ORM .

USE OF RESEA RCH A S A F ORM OF INTERV ENT ION

EX EM P LIF IED BY W HAT IS CA LLED DISSEM INAT ION

RESEA RCH EX P ERIM ENTAT ION DESIGNED TO EVA LUAT E

A LTERNATIV E M ETHODS OF IM P LEM ENT IN G P ROG RA M S T HAT

INIT IA L ST UDIES HAV E SHOW N TO BE SUCCESSF UL .



PREVENTION WHICH IS NOW KNOWN AS PREVENTION

SCIENCE, INFLUENCED BY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

MENTAL HEALTH’S PREVENTION INTERVENTION

RESEARCH CENTRES (PIRC’S) , FOCUSED ON

MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH TO HELP THE

PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.

THIS IS THE HEAD OF THE APPEARANCE OF MENTAL

DISORDERS BY COUNTERACTING THE RISK FACTORS

AND STRENGTHENING THE PROTECTIVE FACTORS.

PREVENTION

IMPROVING PARENTING SKILLS

THIS STRATEGIES AIMED TO REDUCED THE INCIDENCE OF

FAMILY VIOLENCE, SUCH AS PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ABUSE

OR FAMILY VIOLENCE THAT CAUSED THEM TO BECOME

AGGRESSIVE .

TEACHING SOCIAL SKILLS

APPROACH WHICH INVOLVES TEACHING CHILDREN AND

ADOLESCENTS THE INTERPERSONAL SKILLS CRUCIAL TO

LATE DEVELOPMENT AND ADJUSTMENTS.

PREVENTION STRATEGIES

CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS

•MAKING ENVIRONMENTS MORE SUPPORTIVE OF

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR. FOR EXAMPLE, HEAD START THAT

EXPAND PRESCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES AND INCREASE

THE COMMITMENT OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN TO

ACADEMIC SUCCESS.

REDUCING STRESS

•APPROACH THAT TAKES THE FORM OF REDUCING

ENVIRONMENT STRESSORS.


PROMOTING EMPOWERMENT

EMPOWERING THE POWERLESS, TO HELP THEM

COPE WITH THEIR PROBLEMS AND FOR THEM TO

HAVE CONFIDENCE TO TAKE CONTROL OF THEIR

LIVES.


PROBLEMS CAUSED BY TECHNOLOGY

•NEARLY 1 ,500 ADOLESCENT AND ADULT CLIENTS

EXPERIENCED A VARIETY OF INTERNET-RELATED

PROBLEMS

•EXCESSIVE USE OF INTERNET TO VIEW

PORNOGRAPHY

•INTERNET ACTIVITIES THAT LED, OR THREATENED

TO LEAD, TO MARITAL INFIDELITY

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS INFLUENCING PSYCHOLOGICAL

TREATMENT

T E C H N O L O G Y A S A T R E AT M E N T T O O L

•E - H E A LT H – M E N TA L H E A LT H P R O F E S S I O N A L S C A N A S S E S S ,

D I A G N O S E A N D S O M E T I M E S T R E AT C L I E N T S T H R O U G H R E M O T E

C O N TA C T V I A C O M P U T E R .

•I N T E R N E T C A N B E E S P E C I A L LY E F F E C T I V E I N D E L I V E R I N G C E R TA I N

T R E AT M E N T S , PA R T I C U L A R LY T H O S E I N V O LV I N G B E H AV I O R A L

PA C KA G E S T H AT TA R G E T S P E C I F I C , D I S C R E T E P R O B L E M S

•A C L I N I C A L P S Y C H O L O G I S T I S U S U A L LY I N V O LV E D I N I N T E R N E T-

B A S E D T R E AT M E N T P R O G R A M S, E I T H E R T H R O U G H A N I N I T I A L FA C E -

T O - FA C E M E E T I N G O R AT L E A S T T H R O U G H R E G U L A R P H O N E C A L L S

O R E - M A I L S T O A S S E S S T H E P R O G R E S S O F T R E AT M E N T.

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS INFLUENCING PSYCHOLOGICAL

TREATMENT

ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO PERFORM THERAPEUTIC

FUNCTIONS FOR THEMSELVES, EITHER IN GROUPS

ORGANIZED AROUND SPECIFIC CONCERN OR

INDIVIDUALLY THROUGH A COURSE OF STUDY.

SELF-HELP

1. C O M P L E M E N TA RY / A LT E R N AT I V E M E D I C I N E S ( C A M )

A L S O K N O W N A S I N T E G R AT I V E T E C H N I Q U E I N C LU D E S

H E R B O L O G Y, C H I R O P R A C T I C M E T H O D S, M A SS A G E T H E R A P Y,

N U T R I T I O N, A P P L I E D K I N E S I O L O G Y A N D B I O F E E D B A C K .

•O M E G A - 3 E SS E N T I A L FATT Y A C I D S T O A M E L I O R AT E S Y M P T O M S O F

D E P R E SS I O N A N D T O L E SS E N T H E L I K E H O O D O F S U I C I D E

ATT E M P T S I N P E O P L E W H O H AV E M A D E P R E V I O U S ATT E M P T S.

•M E D I TAT I O N F O R P R O B L E M S S U C H A S I N S O M N I A A N D O T H E R

S Y M P T O M S O F S T R E SS .

•H E R B A L T H E R A P I E S I N C O N J U N C T I O N T R A D I T I O N A L T R E AT M E N T

T O R E D U C E T H E S I D E E F F E C T S O F C H E M O T H E R A P Y I N T H E

T R E AT M E N T O F P R O S TAT E C A N C E R .

New Treatment Modalities

•TECHNIQUES SUCH AS MEDITATION, HERBAL

REMEDIES, MASSAGE, ACUPUNCTURE AND PRAYER IN

DEALING WITH PAIN AND OTHER PHYSICAL

SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG CANCER.

•MULTIPLE CAM TECHNIQUES FOR DEALING WITH

STRESSORS RELATED TO LIVING WITH HIV OR AIDS.


SPIRITUALITY

USED OF PRAYER OR OTHER SPIRITUAL METHODS TO

DEAL WITH STRESSORS. TRADITIONALLY, CLINICAL

PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CLINICAL RESEARCHES HAVE

NOT INCLUDED SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOSITY IN

THE COURSE OF WORK.


MINDFULNESS

THIS DESCRIBED AS INTENTIONALLY BRINGING

ONE’S ATTENTION TO THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL

EXPERIENCES OCCURRING IN THE PRESENT MOMENT.

OFTEN TAUGHT TO CLIENT THROUGH MEDITATION

EXERCISES DESIGNED TO HELP THEM ACCEPT THEIR

OWN THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS BUT ALSO THEY CAN

ACHIEVE CERTAIN AMOUNT OF DETACHMENT FROM

THOSE THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS.


P S YC H O T H E R A P Y I N T E G R AT I O N

I T I S T H E P R O C E SS O F C O M B I N I N G E L E M E N T S O F VA R I O U S

C L I N I C A L P S YC H O L O G Y T H E O R I E S I N A S Y S T E M AT I C M A N N E R .

T E C H N I C A L I N T E G R AT I O N

C L I N I C I A N S M I G H T U S E R E L A XAT I O N T R A I N I N G,

I N T E R P R E TAT I O N O F T R A N S F E R E N C E , B I O F E E D B A C K , A N D

N O N D I R E C T I V E L I S T E N I N G S K I L L S. A N D M I G H T B E T H O U G H T

A S A “ C A F E T E R I A A P P R O A C H ” I N T H AT C L I N I C I A N S S E L E C T

F R O M A B R O A D A R R AY T E C H N I Q U E S.

PSCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION

T H E O R E T I C A L I N T E G R A T I O N

P R O P O S E S T O R E S O LV E T H E R E A L A N D A P PA R E N T C O N F L I C T S A M O N G

T H E M A J O R P S Y C H O L O G I C A L T H E O R I E S S O T H A T T H E R E I S G E N U I N E

T H E O R E T I C A L I N T E G R A T I O N I N P S Y C H O L O G Y.

C O M M O N FA C T O R S

S E E K S T O I D E N T I F Y T H E VA R I A B L E S T H A T A R E C O M M O N T O A L L ( O R

M O S T ) E F F E C T I V E T R E A T M E N T.

A S S I M I L A T I V E I N T E G R A T I O N

O C C U R S W H E N C L I N I C I A N S H O L D O N E P R I M A R Y T H E O R E T I C A L

O R I E N T A T I O N B U T U S E T E C H N I Q U E S F R O M O T H E R A P P R O A C H E S .

PSCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE: ENCIRCLE THE BEST

ANSWER.

EVALUATION

1. IT IS THE PROCESS OF COMBINING ELEMENTS OF

VARIOUS CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES IN

SYSTEMATIC MANNER.

a) BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

b) PSYCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION

c) CLIENT- CENTERED THERAPY

d) TECHNICAL INTEGRATION

EVALUATION

2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ THERAPY OFTEN BEGINS WITH A FOCUS

ON A FAMILY MEMBER WHO IS HAVING

PARTICULARLY NOTICEABLE PROBLEMS.

a) FAMILY

b) COUPLES

c) GROUP

d) FRIEND

EVALUATION

3 . HE WAS THE FIRST PRACTICED AT THE TURN OF

THE 20 T H CENTURY IN BOSTON.

a) IVAN PAVLOV

b) ERIK ERIKSON

c) BF SKINNER

d) JOSEPH PRATT

EVALUATION

4 . IT IS A FIELD THAT APPLIES PSYCHOLOGICAL

PRINCIPLES TO UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL AND

SOCIAL PROBLEMS CREATING BENEFICIAL SOCIAL

CHANGES.

a) SELF HELP

b) GROUP THERAPY

c) COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY

d) CHILD PSYCHOLOGY

EVALUATION

5 . THE THERAPIST SEES BOTH MEMBERS OF THE

COUPLE AT THE SAME TIME.

a) CONJOINT THERAPY

b) SEPARATION COUNSELING

c) MARITAL THERAPY

d) FAMILY THERAPY

EVALUATION

ENUMERATE THE 5 (FIVE) PREVENTION

PROGRAMS CONSISTENT WITH PIRC RESEARCH

MODEL.

EVALUATION

1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A

Answers:

6 . TEACHING SOCIAL SKILLS

7 . CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS

8 . PROMOTING EMPOWERMENT

9 . IMPROVING PARENTING SKILLS

10. REDUCING STRESS

CHERMAINE LACEDAMONETTE PEKAS

ARRA NIÑA PATRICIA ROBLESERICA JANE SAWAL

BS - PSYCHOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO:PROF. RYAN COROÑA

THURSDAY 12 :00-3 :00PM

Prepared by:

ALTERNATIVE MODES OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION. TO ENUMERATE AND DISTINGUISH THE THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES....

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Transcript of ALTERNATIVE MODES OF CLINICAL INTERVENTION. TO ENUMERATE AND DISTINGUISH THE THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES....