Altered states of consciousness. Do Now 5 Questions 5 Minutes.
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Transcript of Altered states of consciousness. Do Now 5 Questions 5 Minutes.
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Altered states of consciousness
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Do Now 5 Questions 5 Minutes
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Meditation
• Reduces stress
• Enter “trance” state
• Focus on some object
• Mantra
• deeper state of relaxation or awareness
• Prayer
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Biofeedback
• Biofeedback is a form of alternative medicine that involves measuring a subject's quantifiable bodily functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, sweat gland activity, and muscle tension, conveying the information to the patient in real-time. This raises the patient's awareness and conscious control of their unconscious physiological activities.
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Hypnosis
• Hypnosis definition– Procedure in which a researcher, clinician, or hypnotists
suggests that a person will experience changes in sensation, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
• Who is susceptible?– individuals with the remarkable ability to respond to
imaginative suggestions– best known test: Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale– asks individuals to carry out a series of both simple and
complex suggestions– high scorers are usually easily hypnotized
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• Behaviors– Hypnotic analgesia
• refers to a reduction in pain reported by clients after they had undergone hypnosis and received suggestions that reduced their anxiety and promoted relaxation
– Posthypnotic suggestion• given to the subject during hypnosis about
performing a particular behavior to a specific cue when the subject comes out of hypnosis
Hypnosis
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– Posthypnotic amnesia• not remembering what happened during hypnosis
if the hypnotist suggested that, upon awakening, the person would forget what took place during hypnosis
– Age regression• refers to subjects under hypnosis being asked to
regress, or return in time, to an earlier age, such as early childhood
– Imagined perception• refers to experiencing sensations, perceiving
stimuli, or performing behaviors that come from one’s imagination
Hypnosis
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• Medical and therapeutic applications– Medical and dental use
• used to reduce pain through hypnotic analgesia, to reduce fear and anxiety by helping individuals relax, or to help patients deal with a terminal disease by motivating them to make the best of a difficult situation
– Therapeutic and behavioral uses• useful in helping clients reveal their personalities,
gain insights into their lives, and arrive at solutions to their problems
• Useful, temporarily, in cessation of smoking, weight loss
Hypnosis
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DRUGS
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Drug Tolerance
Psychological v. Physical dependence
• The diminishing effect with regular dose of the same dose.– Must take more of same drug to produce same effect
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Withdrawal
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Psychoactive Drugs• Psychoactive Drugs: chemical
substances that alter perceptions and mood
• Depressants: reduces neural activity and slow body functions.
• Stimulants: excite neural activity and arouse/speed up body functions.
• Hallucinogens: distort perceptions or evoke sensation without sensory input.
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Depressants
Alcohol• Slows down sympathetic nervous
system.• Disrupts memory processing (short to
long term memory).• Impairs judgment• Reduces self-awareness.• Involved in up to 60% of all crimes.• The worst drug from a macro
perspective out there.
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DepressantsBarbiturates• Tranquilizers• Mimic the effects of
alcohol• Taken to sleep (but reduce
REM sleep) and anxiety.• Impair judgment and
memory• Taken with other drugs-
you can get a synergistic effect.
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Depressants
Opiates (opium)• Heroin and
morphine
• Breathing slows, user becomes lethargic
• Addition comes fast and the withdrawal symptoms are bad
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Stimulants• Amphetamines (Speed)• Methamphetamines• Cocaine• Crack• Ecstasy• “the crash”
– Headaches– Irritability– Insomnia– Hypertension– Depression– Fatigue
Increased heart rate and breathing rate
Pupils dilate
Appetite diminishes
Energy and self confidence rise
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Hallucinogens
LSD (Acid)• Can cause PTSD and
schizophrenia.• Geometric patterns• Hallucinations• Delusions• Flashbacks…trippin’
years after stop using
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Hallucinogens
Marijuana• THC
(Tetrahydrocannabinl)• Difficult to classify• Can amplify senses• Impairs motor coordination,
perceptual skills, and reaction time
• Disrupts memory formation• Chemicals stay in the body
for a month or longer
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Near Death Experiencesas altered states of consciousness
• Near-death experience is a state of consciousness reported after being close to death. These same experiences, such as seeing bright tunnels, are often experienced from LSD (drug hallucination) or oxygen deprivation. – Out-of-body sensations– Traveling toward the light
• Dualists interpret experiences as evidence of human immortality
• Monists believe that such experiences parallel reports of hallucinations and may be products of a brain under stress
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Sleep Disorder Projects• Research information on a specific sleep disorder.
Once you have collected your information begin creating your visual (how you plan to present this information)
• By the end of your project you should have all requirements that are listed on the directions and rubric (self-check)
• After you create your presentation, practice and review– be prepared to present to the class