ALSTOM Power – Welcome Address · 2nd Workshop International Oxy-Combustion Research Network...

2nd Workshop

International Oxy-Combustion Research Network Hilton Garden Inn Windsor, CT, USA

25th and 26th January 2007

Hosted by: Alstom Power Inc.

by: John Marion VP Global Technology - Boiler Business Alstom Power Inc., USA

ALSTOM Power – Welcome Address

WELCOME ADDRESS

2nd Intl Oxy-Combustion Workshop 1

Welcome AddressJohn Marion

IEAGHG International Oxy-Combustion NetworkWindsor, CT, USAJanuary 24-26, 2007

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2IEAGHG International Oxy-Combustion Network J.Marion- 24-26, January 2007

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Welcome Address – ALSTOM Power Inc.

presented atIEAGHG International Oxy-Combustion Network

Hilton Garden InnWindsor, CT, USA

January 24-26, 2007

Presenter:John L. Marion

ALSTOM Power Boilers ALSTOM Power Plant Laboratories

Power Plant Laboratories


3IEAGHG International Oxy-Combustion Network J.Marion- 24-26, January 2007

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N°2 worldwide in rail transport

Who is ALSTOM ? Two main activities

N°1 worldwidein high speed and very high speed

N°2 worldwidein urban transport(metro and trams)

N°3 worldwide in electricity production

N°1 worldwidein turnkey power plants

N°1 worldwidein environmentalcontrol systems

N°1 worldwidein hydroelectric

N°1 worldwidein services for electricity utilities

Alstom supplies 27% of global capacity for the production of electricity

Alstom makes 1 metro in 4 and 1 tram in 3

4Page 4IEAGHG International Oxy-Combustion Network J.Marion- 24-26, January 2007

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What’s ALSTOM doing about CO2?What’s ALSTOM doing about CO2?

o ALSTOM is a world-leading supplier of power generation equipment, turnkey power plants and services, and is an industry leader in providing modern, high-efficiency clean power generation equipment and energy solutions

o ALSTOM believes that providing a diverse mix of technologies for power generation is a critical element in providing affordable, reliable, and environmentally sound energy.

o There is no single, all-encompassing, long-term technological option for greenhouse gas mitigation; rather, there will be a variety of options that will be needed.

o ALSTOM continues to focus its major R&D investments in the demonstration of cost effective and practical power generation systems aimed at both improved efficiency and emissions control (including capture). Through these principles, ALSTOM is committed to the continuous improvement of its technology portfolio in order to meet the present and future needs of its customers.



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CO2 Mitigation Options - for Power

• Conservation• Increase efficiency

• [ of fossil fuel energy conversion ]• Fuel Switch

• nuclear• renewables• natural gas

• CO2 Sequestration• Capture• Sequestration

Fossil Fuel use is projected to increase EIA Energy Outlook 2006


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•Reduces emissions

• Reduces CO2

• Saves limited fuels resources



• [ of fossil fuel energy conversion ]

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Efficiency (%)

Combined cycleSteam turbine plantGas turbine

Oil crisis

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Efficiency (%)

Combined cycleSteam turbine plantGas turbine

Oil crisis

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Efficiency improvement is a “no regrets” strategy we can implement today!



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• [ of fossil fuel energy conversion ]• Fuel Switch

• nuclear• renewables• natural gas

• CO2 Sequestration• Capture• Sequestration Needed in the long run if we continue

to use fossil fuels and commit to CO2 emissions stabilization


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CO2 Capture Approaches - for Power• Post Capture

• Adsorption• Absorption• Hydrate based• Cryogenics / Refrigeration based

• Oxy-fuel Firing• external oxygen supply• integrated membrane-based• oxygen carriers

• Decarbonization• reforming (fuel decarbonization)• carbonate reactions (combustion decarbonization)

Innovative options continue to emerge and develop



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Compressor

Air SeparationUnit (ASU)

N 2

BoilerO 2

Fuel

Condenser

H 2 O

CO 2 Recycle

Front-End

Tail-End

IntegratedOxygen Firing to produce concentrated CO2 stream

CO2

Oxy-fuel Firing


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Oxy-fuel Firing

• Complimentary with current boiler and steam power plant technology, including efforts towards ultra-supercritical conditions, and environmental control developments

• Applicable for new and retrofit plants

Evolutionary development for coal power



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CONDNESATE

GASRECIRCULATION

FAN

FLUIDIZINGGAS

BLOWER

COMBUSTOR

Cyclone

BACKPASSHEAT

EXCHANGERS

CFB Steam Generator Unit

ASHCOOLER

ExternalHeat

Exchanger

NITROGENAIR

INDUCED DRAFT

FAN

AIRSEAPARATION

UNIT

GasCooler

PARTICULATEREMOVALSYSTEMOXYGEN

HEATER

PFWH

CO2 -RICH PRODUCTTO GAS PROCESSING

SYSTEM

LIMESTONE

COAL

OXYGEN

AIRINFILTRATION

Oxy-CFB

Reduced recycle FGR and resultant smaller boiler & APC

3 MWt pilot CFB


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30 MWth Oxy-fuel PF Pilot Plant - Vattenfall

Location of pilot plant in the Industrial Park Schwarze Pumpe

2020approx. 4-5

Commercial Plant approx. 1000 MWel

2015Realisation with CO2 sequestration,

1:20Demo Plant 600 MWth

Vattenfall..., ALSTOM, others

2008Test of the oxyfuel process chain

1:60Pilot Plant 30 MWth

CEBra, BTU Cottbus, Vattenfall, ALSTOM

2005Fundamentals of oxyfuel combustion with flue gas recirculation

1:50Test Plant 500 kWth

Universities (Stuttgart, Chalmers, Dresden)Vattenfall, ALSTOM..

20042005

Fundamentals of oxyfuel combustion

Laboratory Tests 10 / 55 kWth

PartnersComObjectiveScale-up Factor

Development Steps

2020approx. 4-5

Commercial Plant approx. 1000 MWel

2015Realisation with CO2 sequestration,

1:20Demo Plant 600 MWth

Vattenfall..., ALSTOM, others

2008Test of the oxyfuel process chain

1:60Pilot Plant 30 MWth

CEBra, BTU Cottbus, Vattenfall, ALSTOM

2005Fundamentals of oxyfuel combustion with flue gas recirculation

1:50Test Plant 500 kWth

Universities (Stuttgart, Chalmers, Dresden)Vattenfall, ALSTOM..

20042005

Fundamentals of oxyfuel combustion

Laboratory Tests 10 / 55 kWth

PartnersComObjectiveScale-up Factor

Development Steps

First of a kind large demonstration of Oxy-PF Power Plant



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Oxy-Fuel Power Plant with Advanced O2 Production Technology

Breakthroughs will improve oxy-firing performance and economics

~Compressor

Turbine /Generator

CO2 RichFlue Gas

Air O2 Depleted Air

AdvancedASU

O2

Combustion &Boiler System

Cleanup & Cooling

Fuel

CO2

O2 + CO2


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N2,O2 CO2,H2O

Fe2O3

Com bustor Reductor

Fe3O4

Air Fuel

Chemical Looping Metal oxides oxygen carriers – a type of oxy-fuel firing –

shown here in connected CFB’s

Chemical Looping is a potential breakthrough technologyChalmers U., ALSTOM, others



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Chemical Looping

CaS - CaSO4 loop in CFB reactors

Calcium-based oxygen carrier process is suited to coal

Combustion with CO2 Capture

Reducer Oxidizer

CaSO4

N2

Air

To Steam Cycle

CO2

CoalCaCO3Steam

CaS Ash, CaSO4to Disposal


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Economics of Electricity Production with Carbon Values

Economic Assumptions

• Coal Cost 1.50 ($/MM-Btu)• Natural Gas Cost Range: 5.0 - 9.0 ($/MM-Btu)

•Capacity Factor 80% - 7,008 (hrs/yr)

• Performance (thermal efficiency) Taken from referenced studies• Investment Costs ($/kW) Taken from referenced studies• Annual Capital Charge Rate 13.5% of investment cost• Operating & Maintenance Costs Taken from referenced studies

•CO2 allowance price Range: 0-50 ($/Ton of CO2)

COE vs CO2 Value



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Cost of Electricity(Common Basis Results)

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

0 10 20 30 40 50

CO2 Allowance Price ($/Ton CO2 Emitted)

(Cen

ts/kW

hr)

NGCC 9FA-Class w /o Capture (5$/MM-Btu) IEA

12-Solid Regenerative Absorber

13-Membrane Seperation

NGCC 9FA-Class w ith Capture (9$/MM-Btu)IEANGCC 9H-Class w ith Capture (9$/MM-Btu) IEA

NGCC 9FA-Class w /o Capture (9$/MM-Btu) IEA

PC CO2 Scrubbing - MEA (Parsons)

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco Heat Recovery)w ith Capture - SpareRef - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco Heat Recovery)w /o Capture - SpareRef - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco Heat Recovery)w /o CaptureRef-Air f ired CFB w /o Capture

NGCC 9H-Class w /o Capture (5$/MM-Btu) IEA

NGCC 9H-Class w /o Capture (9$/MM-Btu) IEA

Ref-Chemical Looping Gasif ication 7FA w /oCapture (CaS)16 - 20% Biomass co-fired PC w /o Capture

17 - 20% Biomass co-fired CFB w /o Capture

8-O2 Fired PC Pre-Dried Lignite w ith Capture

15-CO2 Frosting

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco Heat Recovery)w ith Capture7a-O2 Fired CFB w ith Capture (US)

7b-O2 Fired CFB w ith Capture (Europe)

NGCC 9FA-Class w ith Capture (5$/MM-Btu)IEAAdvanced CO2 Scrubbing - Econamine FG+SM(IEA)10-Advanced O2 Fired CFB w ith Capture

18 - 100% Biomass fired CFB w /o Capture

14-Ammonia Scrubbing

Oxygen Transport Membrane CFB

6-Regenerative Carbonate Cycle w ith Capture

4-Chemical Looping Combustion w ith Capture(Metal Oxides)3-Chemical Looping Combustion w ith Capture(CaS)1-Chemical Looping Gasification 7FA w ithCapture (CaS)NGCC 9H-Class w ith Capture (5$/MM-Btu) IEA

No CO2 Capture

coal cases

CO2 Capture cases

No CO2 Capture

gas cases

Economics of Electricity Production with Carbon Values

Many cases – look at Dispatch then COE vs CO2 values


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4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

0 10 20 30 40 50


(Cen

ts/k

Whr

)

CO2 Scrubbing - MEA (Parsons)

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w /o Capture - Spare

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w /o Capture

Air Fired PC w /o Capture(3915/1085/1148)

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w ith Capture

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w ith Capture - Spare

CO2 Capture in Power Plants

Incomplete picture of Capture Options

PC w/MEAIGCC

w/capture w/spare

IGCC w/capture no spare

Reference case

IGCC no capture cases

Existing PC no

capture



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6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

0 10 20 30 40 50CO2 Allowance Price ($/Ton CO2 Emitted)

(Cen

ts/k

Whr

)

Air Fired PC w /o Capture(3915/1085/1148)

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w ith Capture

Ref - IGCC 7FA (GE-Texaco HeatRecovery) w ith Capture - Spare

8-O2 Fired PC Pre-Dried Lignitew ith Capture

7a-O2 Fired CFB w ith Capture (US)

10-Advanced O2 Fired CFB w ithCapture

Oxygen Transport Membrane CFB

7b-O2 Fired CFB w ith Capture(Europe)


Oxy-firing with conventional or advanced O2 generally lower COE than IGCC

Oxy-firing cases

Adv. O2cases

IGCC cases Reference case


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4 .0 0

5.0 0

6 .0 0

7.0 0

8 .0 0

9 .0 0

0 10 20 30 40 50


(Cen

ts/k

Whr

)

IGCC H Class (E-Gas) w ith Capture- SpareIGCC H Class (E-Gas) w ith Capture

6-Regenerative Carbonate Cyclew ith Capture10-Advanced O2 Fired CFB w ithCaptureOxygen Transport Membrane CFB

14-Ammonia Scrubbing

4-Chemical Looping Combustionw ith Capture (Metal Oxides)3-Chemical Looping Combustionw ith Capture (CaS)1-Chemical Looping Gasif ication7FA w ith Capture (CaS)Air Fired PC w /o Capture(3915/1085/1148)


Advanced concepts have great potential

Ammonia scrubbing

IGCC cases

IGCC - F

IGCC - H

Reference case

Adv. Oxygen

Chemical Looping

cases



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Conclusions

New coal fired power plants shall be designed for highest efficiencyto minimize CO2 + other emissions

Several technologies for CO2 capture are currently available, several are actively being developed, and many more are emerging

Including --- Oxy-fuel firing for CO2 capture for Combustion-based Power

Cost Attractive Options are needed and should actively supported, particularly:– Breakthroughs ( example: chemical looping & adv. oxygen )– Retrofitable ( example: oxy-firing and ammonia scrubbing )

There is no single technology answer

Our workshop will provide a comprehensive update of Oxy-fuel firing development and the challenges ahead.

[email protected]

ALSTOM Power – Welcome Address · 2nd Workshop International Oxy-Combustion Research Network...

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