Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi

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Title: Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi

Author: George Gibbs

Release Date: August 3, 2007 [EBook #22228]

Language: English

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SHEA'S

LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS.

XI.

AMS PRESS, INC.NEW YORK

ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARIES

OF THE

CLALLAM AND LUMMI.

BY

GEORGE GIBBS.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.


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NEW YORK: CRAMOISY PRESS. 1863.

Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected. Allother inconsistencies are as in the original. A table of contents,though not present in the original, has been provided below:

Preface

Vocabulary of the Clallam A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, Y.

Local Nomenclature of the Clallam Tribe

Vocabulary of the Lummi A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y.

Local Nomenclature of the Lummi Tribe

Names of Lummi Chiefs

PREFACE.

The tribe of Clallams, as they are usually called by the residents ofWashington Territory--by the neighboring Indians named S'klalam, and

denominated by themselves Ns-kli ym--inhabit the southern shoreof Fuca Strait, from about the Okho River on the west, to PortTownshend on the east, bordering in the first direction on the Makahs,sometimes called Classets (the Klaizzart of Jewitt), a tribe of theNootka family who inhabit Cape Flattery, and in the other on theChemakum, like themselves a branch of the Selish, though a yet moreremote one. Their language is the same, with some dialectic differencesonly, as that of the Songhus and Sokes of Vancouver Island opposite. Itis this which has been referred to by Drs. Scouler and Latham as the"Nusdalum," undoubtedly, in the first instance, a misprint.

The Clallam differs materially from the other Selish languages of thePuget Sound country, though less from the Lummi than the rest. Its

noticeable feature is the frequent occurrence of the nasal _ng_.

The Lummi tribe live on the lower part of a river heading in the CascadeRange, north-east of Mount Baker, and emptying by two mouths, one intoBellingham Bay, the other into the Gulf of Georgia, the upper waters ofwhich are inhabited by the Nook-sahks (Nk-sk). They are, however,intruders here, their former country having been a part of the group ofislands between the continent and Vancouver Island, to which they stilloccasionally resort. Their own name is Nkhlum-mi. The Skagits callthem Nkh-lsh, and some of the other tribes H-lum-mi. Their


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dialectic affinities are rather with the Sannitch of the south-easternend of Vancouver Island than with any of the Indians of the main land,and the two probably at one period formed a single tribe, which moreremotely was connected with the Clallams and Songhus. The Simiahmoo(Si-mi--mu), a small remnant, living on the bay of that name, north ofthem, belong likewise to this group. On the south the Lummi adjoin theSamish and other bands of the Skagits, who in language approach theNisquallies.

Like the Clallam, their language abounds with the nasal _ng_, both as aprefix and a termination. It has another peculiarity, in great measureits own, in the broad sound of the letter _a_, somewhat as in the words

_mass_, _pass_, but even more prolonged. I have distinguished this inthe vocabulary by the italic. The letters _f_, _r_, _v_, _z_, arewanting in both languages.

The Clallam and Lummi, as will be observed, contain three classes ofcardinals, which I have distinguished as _simple_, _personal_, and of

_valuation_, although these terms are not strictly accurate; certainobjects, besides men, being counted by the second, and others, as wellas money, by the third; I have never fully ascertained the distinctionswhich govern their use. The words _animate_ and _inanimate_ do notapply; those of _noble_ and _ignoble_, by which the French Missionariesdesignated the names of objects in the Algonquin languages, probably

indicate the idea. Mr. Gallatin, in his "Notes on the Semi-CivilizedNations of Mexico," &c.,[A] mentions the same peculiarity as existing inthe Mexican and Maya, in the former of which there are three differentterminations suffixed to the simple numbers, according to the objectsdenoted. A similar distinction is found in the Makak language, andtraces of it, at least, are observable in the Pima. I imagine that byinquiry the fact would be found to exist in other Indian tongues.Singularly enough, this feature also characterizes some of the languagesof Micronesia.

[A] Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., vol, i., p. 54.

The affinities of the Clallam and Lummi with the Selish are too obvious

to require demonstration. Indeed Dr. Latham has already classed theformer with the Shewhapmukh, or, as he terms it, Atna, of Frazer River,the northernmost of the Selish dialects. The term Atna, it may bementioned, is improperly applied as a family name to these languages, asit is a Tkulli (Athabascan or Chepewyan) word, signifying, according toMr. A. C. Anderson, "strangers."

These two vocabularies were collected, the first at Port Townshend,during a residence of a few months, the other at Simimoo Bay, while Iwas connected with the N. W. Boundary Commission. Neither of themunderwent more than a partial revision, and inaccuracies have thereforedoubtless crept in. They are, however, sufficiently reliable to affordthe basis of extending comparisons with the other Selish and the more

northern coast families.

Transcriber's Note: For greater legibility the letters originally markedas _a_ and _u_ have been replaced with and in the vocabularies,except where this would cause a conflict with an existing diacritical.

VOCABULARY OF THE CLALLAM.


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A.

ABOVE, tsits-itl.

ABOARD, si-it-hwu.

AFRAID, s-si-si.

AGAIN, hon-ng.

ALIVE, -y.

ALL, o-hnna; _that's all_, aukhk.

ALWAYS, wt-an-su; _I always work_, wt-an-su ch-ai.

ANKLE, tsts-h-kwi-sun.

ARRIVE _at_, _to_, tsstsen.

ARM, tsi-is.

ARROW, yetcht.

ARROW HEAD, _of wood_, katstl; _of iron_, km-tin-i-in; (km-tm, _iron_.)

AUTUMN, tchin-st-le.

AXE, s'kk-m.

B.

BACK, _the_, stets-ikwn.

BAD, kwaukh, s'h-as.

BARBERRY, "_Oregon grape_" (_berberis_), shetchin.

BARBS _of fish spear_, ts-kwi-ten.

BARK, chai-kh.

BARNACLE, tshngt.

BAT, klat-li-pi--han.

BASKET, mo-hi; _cedar bark_, t'sh-ikl; _fir root_, sp'chu.

BEACH, kokh-hwng-u.

BEADS, kw-kwe.


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BEAR, _black_, s'chi-kwitsh; _grizzly_, kwi-it-shin.

BEAVER, sk-yau.

BEARD, kwn-tsen.

BEHIND, il-kw-us.

BERRIES (_generic_), s'ch-yk-w'tl.

BILBERRY, y-hum.

BIRDS: Sea ducks (_generic_), m-k. Small land birds (_generic_), tsit-sm. Crane, si--hu. Crow, skwa-kwato. Duck, mallard (_a. boschas_), tenk-sen. Duck, surf (_f. perspicillata_), kl-yin. Duck, velvet (_f. fusca_), ko-matsin-hlai. Duck, harlequin (_f. histrionica_), ss-su. Duck, scaup (_f. marila_), swt-st. Duck, goosander (_m. merganser_), ko-kw.

Eagles, bald (_Haliaetus_), kwi-eng-s'n. Eagles, golden (_Aquila_), ku-tit-sin-hu. Goose, ykh-h-na. Guillemot, sas-s-mats. Gulls, kwun-n, ku-t-k. Grebes, kla-i-kun. Grouse, dusky, gn-et. ruffed, st-yu-hng. Heron, snk-ho. Jay, s'hikh-hai. Pigeon, hm-kh. Raven, sku-to. Sandpipers, skeks.

BLACK, n-k-ikh, an-nu-kikh.

BLANKET, swishi-atl; _of dog's hair_, skm-ng-tl.

BLOOD, st-yu-km.

BLUE, ks-ks-shoit, an-nu-kw-o.

BOARD, se-y't-hu.

BODY, ni-chi-chi-ten, n's-tats-kl.

BODY, _parts of_: Head, skng-i. Hair, si-att'n. Face, sats. Ear, skongs. Eye, ki-in. Nose, nks'n. Mouth, ts-ts'n. Tongue, tikhwh'lts.


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Teeth, tchinnis. Beard, kwn-t-s'n. Neck, hng-en. Arm, tsi-'s. Elbow, skp-hai. Wrist, s'hts-kwats. Hand, s'ch-hats. Fingers, s'ch-hats. Nails, ts-shts. Breast or Chest, tsng-tl. Woman's Bosom, skb-. Back, stetsi-kwn. Leg, s'hn-na. Ankle, tuts-h-kwi-sun. Foot, kl-t-s'n. Toes, kl-t-s'n. Bone, st-zum. Heart, ha-chin-nin. Blood, stoyu-kn. Skin, k-wi. Penis, shella. Testes, ng-at'sn.

BOIL, _to_, kwi-yis.

BONE, st-zum.

BORE A HOLE, _to_, t'slkwt.

BOTH, ch-sa.

BOW, s'homo-ten.

BOW-STRING, sul-kw-tchin.

BOY, sw-wa-s, scha-chi-aitl.

BRACELETS, tsome-chin.

BREAK, _to_, ti-kwt.

BREASTS _of woman_, skb-.

BRING, _to_, an-khw; _bring that_, (_imp._) an-akhw ta-si-ya.

BROAD, kl-k__t.

BROTHER, _elder_, st-h-nk; _younger_, si-tchin.

BUCKET, sk-tn.

BUFFALO, kwisp.

BUY, _to_, t-kws.

BURYING GROUND, m-kwa.

BYE AND BYE, hets.


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C.

CANOE, _Chinook pattern_, o-t-hs; _Cowitshin do._, st-watl; _ducking canoe_, sno'h-wh'l.

CARRY, _to_, ng-t-un.

CARPENTER, _worker in wood_, skai-n-hwu.

CATCH, _to_, kl-kw__t.

CEDAR _bark_, si--we; _wood_, ts-shi.

CHEST _or breast_, _the_, tsngtl; _chest_ (_box_), kl-yks.

CHIEF, si-m.

CHOP, _to_, kum-mt.

CLAM, _quahog_ (_Venus_), ski-h-yu; _the large kind_ (_lutraria_), sw-hm; _blue striated species_, skk-li.

CLOUDS, s'hu-n-ws.

COCKLE, skl-ym.

COD FISH, s'k-kan.

COLD, kl-tchi.

COLORS:

White, pk'h. Red, n-tskw, an-nu-tsko. Black, n-k-aikh, an-nu-kikh. Blue, ks-ks-shoit, an-nu-kwh-o. Yellow, nts-kwai-yewin, an-nu-kwi-kwai. Green, n-tltlkh, an-nu-klikhtl.

COMB, kl-singen.

COME, _to_, en-t-sen; _I come_, an-n; _come you_ (_imp._) an-n-chi.

COOK ON STONES, _to_, ntch-kw-ntl.

COPULATE, _to_, kwat'tl.

CORPSE, k-i.

COUGAR, kau-t-sap.

CUP, mt-kw.


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CUTTLE FISH, sk-mkw.

CRAB, a-ch-he.

CRANE, si--hu.

CROW, skwa-kw-to.

CRY, _to_, hng.

D.

DANCE, _to_, kwoi--ish-ten.

DARKNESS, s'cht.

DAUGHTER (_child_), nng-nna.

DAY, skw-tchi.

DEAD, k-i.

DEAD LAND (_country of the dead_), sn-nkw.

DEEP, kletch.

DEER, hpt, sm-yis.

DEMON (_the primal race_), s'hui-b.

DIG, _to_, ts-ykwt; _dig out_, _to_, (_e.g. a canoe_), k-hai-yu.

DO, _to_, ch-ai.

DOG, sk-ha; _plur._ ska-y-ha.

DOG FISH, s'kwats.

DOOR, so'tl.

DOWN STREAM, kw-kw.

DREAM, _to_, (_1st pers. ind._) kwi-nng-tt-sen.

DRINK, _I_, ko-kwt-sen; (ko, _water_.)

DRIVE, _to_, kwi-htl.

DRUNK (_i.e. foolish_), as-hw-kwu.

DRY, h-ching.

DUCK (_mallard_), t-nk-sen.

DULL, n'ko-mkh.

DUNG, _to_, k-ang.


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E.

EAR, kwi-in.

EARTH, _land_, sh-stnga-whn.

EAGLE, _bald_, kwi-eng-s'n; _golden_, ku-tit-sin-hu.

EAT, _to_, ts-kwin-snt-sen, it-lun.

ECHINUS, skwt-si.

EGGS, sing-i--net.

EIGHT, tats, tats-si-ya, tats-hit-hu.

ELBOW, skp-hi-al-ka.

ELK, kai-ytsh.

END _or point_, elks.

EVENING, tng-en.

EYE, ki-in.

EXCHANGE, _to_, at-sh-ti.

F.

FACE, sats.

FAR, y-ye, he-eh.

FATHER, i-i-in; _grandfather_, s-ya.

FEATHERS, s'chi.

FIND, _to_, ch-nt-sen.

FINISH, _I have finished work_, ho-itsna kwin's chi.

FINGERS, s'ch-hats.

FIR TREE (_abies Douglassii_), skai-i-nkh, chi--chitch; _fir bark_, tsiyi.

FIRE, s-nts.

FIRE WOOD, tl-kts.

FIRST, i-ch-yi.

FISH, ts'kw.

FISH, ETC.:


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Cod fish, s'k-kan. Crab, a-ch-e. Cuttle fish, sk-mkw. Dog fish, s'kwats. Flounder, hwau-kwn. Halibut, s'ht'h. Herring, klngt. Oulakan, klis. Porpoise, s'h-ma-hens. Salmon (_See "salmon"_). Sculpin, swan-itl. Shark, kl-yk-a-tt-s'n. Sturgeon, kw'tit-sin. Toad fish, s'chem-kh.

FISH GIG, sti--hu.

FISHING LINE _of kelp_, schats.

FISH _with a line_, _to_, tl-ti--is.

FISH WEIR, su-ta-t'hl.

FIVE, kl-katcht, kl-kt-shi-ya, kl-kt-shit'hu.

FLESH, sli-kw.

FLOUNDER, _flatfish_, hwau-kwn.

FLY, _the insect_, kli-ki-a-hn-na.

FOOT, kl-t-sn.

FOUR, ng-os, ni-sai-ya, nu-sit-hu.

FORMERLY, _a long time ago_, hts.

FROM, t-kt-s'n.

FULL, es-si-t-st'l.

G.

GAFF, _for salmon_, kle-kwn.

GAMBLING DISKS, sla-hallm.

GET UP, _to_, tst-lng.

GIRL, slet-lt-li-ke.

GIVE, _to_, ang-at.

GO, _I_, (_1st pers. pres. ind._) hai-t-sen; _go_ (_imp._) h'chi; _I go there_, ts-na t-si-ya.

GOAT (_aploceras_), shwt-le.


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GOOD, ikh, hatl; _good so_ (_that's well_), i-yu-h-nang; _good man_, ais sw-ka; _good dog_, ais k-ha.

GOOSANDER (_mergus merganser_), ho-k'w.

GOOSE, ykhho-na.

GRANDFATHER, s-ya, tchtt.

GRANDMOTHER, s-ya.

GRASS, s'hats-ai; _mat grass for thread_, kltl.

GREASE _or oil_, smts.

GREBE (_podiceps_), kla-i-kn.

GREEN, n-tl__tlh, an-nu-klikhtl.

GROUSE (_tetrao obscurus_), gn-et; (_tetrao umbellus_), steyu-hng.

GUILLEMOT, sas-s-mats.

GULL, ku-t-k, kwn-n.

GUM, _pitch_, tch-kh.

H.

HAIL, chit-la-hi-sin.

HAIR, si-attn.

HAIQUA (_the dentalium_), klets-chin.

HALF, il-chukh.

HALIBUT, s'ht'h, tst'h.

HAND, s'ch-hats.

HARD, ko-sang.

HARE, _rabbit_, ka-kit-se.

HAUL, _to_, ho-kwut.

HAT, s'cheseuk'h.

HE, _when present_, tsa-mukw; _if absent_, netl.

HEAD, skng-i.

HEAR, _I_, yai-y-nng-sen.


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HEART, ha-chin-nin.

HERE, te-athla.

HERON (_ardea herodias_), snk-ho.

HERRING, klngt.

HIDE, _to_, kwai's.

HIT, _I_, tchokwe-nt-sen.

HOLLA, _to_, kw-kwt-ching.

HOW MANY? kwn-chis; _how many people?_ ko-ni-ya; _how many dollars?_ ko-nai chis ngn _dolla_; _how much money have you?_ ko-nai te chin _dolla_.

HOUSE, i-yng; _my house_, n'skwai, te ai-yng.

HUNDRED, na-tcho-wtsh.

HUNGRY, hwam.

HUSBAND, _my_, n'sw-i-ka.

I.

I, tza.

ICE, slea-hu.

INDIANS, _people_, tl-sti-ing-hu, ats-il-ti-ing-hu.

INFANT, s'ch-in.

IRON, km-tm.

ISLAND, kl-chs.

J.

JAY (_garrulus stelleri_), s'hikh-hai.

JUST NOW, _lately_, chatshta;

_I have just come_ chatsh-ta't n's-tachi.

K.

KAMASS, k'whl-i.

KETTLE, skw-ten.

KILL, _to_, ko-ch-yu.


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KNEE, skai-y-ko.

KNIFE, _sheath_, ko-kwi-is; _pocket_, nng-nn.

KNOW, _I_, ht-cht 't-sen.

L.

LAKE, ts-ikhtl.

LARGE, tchk.

LATELY, _just now_, chtsh-ta.

LAUGH, _to_, netching.

LAZY, ts-hng.

LEAF, s'ch-sn.

LEAP, _to_, hw-tng.

LEG, s'hnna.

LIE, _to_, kai-ykh.

LIGHT, wi-yu.

LIGHTNING, chin--kwa.

LIKE, hon-ng.

LISTEN (_imp._), y-ya-nng-ts-hu.

LONG, klakt; _long ago_, hets.

LOOK FOR, _to_, kli-yng.

LOSE, _to_, tsits-hw-nng.

LOVE, _to_, nus-kl.

LOW TIDE, sng-t-sen.

LYNX (_L. fasciata_), tst-sats.

M.

MALLARD, _duck_, t-nk-sen.

MAMMALS: Bat, klat-li-pi--hn. Bear, black, s'chi-kwitsh. Bear, grizzly, kwi-it-shin. Beaver, sk-yau.


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Buffalo, kwisp. Cougar, kan-etsap. Deer, hpt, sm-yis. Dog, sk-ha. Elk, kai-ytsh. Goat, mountain, swt-le. Hare, rabbit, ka-kit-se. Lynx, tsat-sats. Mink, mis-tcho. Mouse, skwatn. Musk rat, sklkh-kt'lkh. Land otter, skaatl. Sea otter, tmms. Seal, sshu. Skunk, smat-s'n. Squirrel (_sciurus_), sp-si-yt-s'n; (_tamias_), ha-hi-yu-wetsh. Wolf, staching. Whale, ch-wh-yu.

MAN, sw-ka; _plur._ sw-yi-ka; _young man_, sw-ws; _old man_, kwilt-chk.

MANY, ng' __nn; _many men_, ng' ngt' sw-yi-ka.

MAT, _of round rushes_ (_tul_), taks-latshu; _flat do._ (_cat's tail_), su-ya-tsh, kai-nim; _cedar bark_, tsmmt.

MAT NEEDLE, ho-k'h__n.

MEDICINE, s'ti-ing-hu.

MEDICINE MAN, _magician or doctor_, s'hu-nm.

MIDDLE, ets-tng-en.

MILK, skb-.

MINK, mistcho.

MISS _a mark_, _to_, tang-n; _miss the road_, _to_, ti-tkh.

MISTAKE, _to_, _in speech_, ti-takh.

MOCCASINS, klkshin.

MOLLUSCS, ETC.: Barnacle, tsngt. Clams, quahog (_Venus_), ski-he-yu; large (_Lutraria_), swa-hm; blue striated, skk-hli. Cockle (_cardium_), skl-ym. Hai-kwa (_Dentalium_), klets-chin. Mussel, toyk. Oyster, klokh-klokh. Scallop (_pecten_), nana.


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Sea egg (_echinus_), skwt-si.

MOON, kl-kitsh.

MORNING, kw-tchi.

MOSQUITO, pwik-sen.

MOTHER, tn.

MOUNTAIN, h'kwi-tsh.

MOUSE, skw-tn.

MOUTH, tsuts'n.

MUSK RAT, sklkh-kt'lkh.

MUSSEL, _the small blue_, toyk.

MY SISTER, na ais; _my house_, na ai-yng; _my things_, n's-kw-na-akw.

MYTHOLOGY: N-kwe-mtl _or_ D-kwe-btl, _the principal supernatural being, corresponding to_ Ikni _of the Chinooks_. S'hui-b, _the primal or demon race_. S'hu-nm, _magic or medicine_. Te-ytl-ma, _the genius of good fortune_. Hun-ha-n-ti, _a performance of conjuring or "tam-nous" (Chinook), known to the Nisquallies as_ s'h-na, _in which it is pretended that the person initiated is killed and then restored to life_.

N.

NAME, s'd.

NAILS, tsshts.

NEAR, klat-l-a-ke.

NEEDLE, cht-sn.

NECK, hng-en.

NEW, hu-us, k'hau-s.

NIGHT, s'nat.

NINE, tkw, t'kwi-ya, t'kwit-hu.

NONE, -wn-na, au-wts-an.

NOON, k'-yit.

NOSE, nk'sn.

NOW, ti--no.


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NUMERALS: _Simple Cardinals--_ 1, nitzo. 2, chissa. 3, klekhw. 4, ng-os. 5, kl-katcht 6, t'hung. 7, tsks. 8, tats. 9, tkw. 10, -pen.

_Personal Cardinals--_ 1, nt-so. 2, ch-sa. 3, kl-whi-ya. 4, ni-si-ya. 5, kl-kt-shi-ya. 6, tkh-ng-i-ya. 7, tsakw-tsi-ya. 8, tats-si-ya. 9, t'kwi-ya.

10, o-pen-i.

_Cardinals of Valuation--_ 1, n'sakthu. 2, n'shit-hu. 3, kl-whit-hu. 4, nu-sit-hu. 5, kl-kt-shit-hu. 6, tkh-hng-it-hu. 7, tsak-sit-hu. 8, tats-hit-hu. 9, t-kwit-hu. 10, o-pen-it-hu.

11, o-pen it nitzo. 12, o-pen i'tchs-sa. 20, t's-kwss. 30, h'l-ltl-sha. 100, na-tcho-wtsh. 1000, p'n-itsh.

O.

OLD, snk-ai.

OLD MAN, kwiltchk;

_old woman_, kwiltchk sl-ni.

ONE, nitzo, natso, n'skt-hu.

OTTER, _land_, sk-atl; _sea_, tm-mus.

OULAKAN, _a small fish_, klais.

OUT DOORS, as-saktl.


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OYSTER, klkh-klokh.

OFF SHORE, tst-so.

P.

PADDLE, _a_, hng-t.

PADDLE, _to_, ist.

PEOPLE, tl-sti-ing-hu, ats-il-ti-ing-hu.

PENIS, shella.

PIGEON, hm-kh.

PIPE, p-akw.

PITCH, tch-k.

PLANK, s-y't-hu.

PLANTS, ETC.: Barberry (_berberis_), sh-tchin. Berries (_generic_), s'ch-yk-w'tl. Bilberry, y-hun. Grass, s'hats-i. used for mat thread, kltl. Kamass (_squilla_), k'whl-i. Rush, cat-tail, kwo-t. Sallal (_Gualtheria_), taka. Salmon berry, al-elo. Strawberry, t-ykw. Tobacco, sm-nash.

POINT _or end_, elk'hs.

POUND, _to_, _as grain_, tst.

POUR, _to_, kwi-yet.

PORPOISE, s'h-ma-hns.

PRAIRIE, spelhhan.

PREGNANT, as-kw-kwai.

PRESENTLY, kwa-kwt-hu.

PRONOUNS: I, _absolute_, tza; _copulative, prefixed to a verb_, ats; _suffixed to do._, sn, sen, sin. My, na, n's, n, n'skwai. Thou, nkw; _copulative prefixed_, chin; _suffixed_, hu; _or in the imperative_, chi.


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He, _if present_, tsa-nkw; _absent_, netl. We, nng'l, kl-ningtl. Ye, nkw, kl-nkw. They, kwassa, ts-ta.

PRONGS OF FISH GIG, sta-whi-ts.

PUSH, _to_, chng-t.

Q.

QUICK, _come quick!_ -atl.

R.

RAIN, _to_, s'lemhu.

RAKE, _v._, _to take small fish with a rake_, tlta-men.

RAVEN, sku-t.

RED, n-tskw, an-nu-tsko.

RELATIONS, nis-ch-cha.

RELATIONSHIPS: Father, i-i-in. Mother, tan. Grandfather, s-ya, tcht. Grandmother, s-ya. Son, my, nng-nna. Daughter, my, nng-nna. Husband, my, n'sw-yi-ka. Wife, my, n'sl-ni.

Brother, elder, st-h-nk. younger, si-tchin. Sister, elder, st-h-nk. younger, ais.

RETURN, _to_, ho-w-yng.

RHODODENDRON, kwalt-hltsh.

RIVER, st-a-wi.

ROAST, _by the fire_, chk-ts.

ROPE, hw-lm.

ROTTEN, _as wood_, ts-kong; _as fruit_, skwngtst.

RUSH, _cat-tail_, kwo-t.

RUN, _I_, skw-nng-tsen.


19/59

S.

SALLAL BERRIES, tk-a.

SALMON: _S. quinnat_, kwitshin. _S. truncatus_, kltshin. _S. Scouleri_, ktchks. _S. proteus_, hnnn. _S. (undetermined)_, mt-hlets. _S. canis_, kl'whi. _S. Campbelli_, kwatcht.

SALMON ROE, kai-ykh.

SALMON BERRIES, al--lo.

SALT, klatl.

SAND, pe-kwt-chin.

SAND PIPER (_tringa_), sk-uks.

SCALLOP (_pecten_), n-na.

SCULPIN, swan-itl.

SEA, kl-lalts.

SEA FOWL, m-k.

SEAL, sshu.

SEAL'S BLADDER, ts-s.

SEASONS: Spring, tclin-es-hw-as.

Summer, kla-t-km, tchin--si. Autumn, tchin-s-le. Winter, kl-tchi.

SEAT, _the_, kl-wk.

SEE, _to_, kwn't.

SEVEN, tsks, tskw-tsi-ya, tsk-sit-hu.

SEW, _to_, chit-seng-t-sen.

SEINE, so-yk.

SHADOW, nu-kw-ku-no-sing, k-katl.

SHARK, kl-yk-a-tt-s'n.

SHARP, i-yts.

SHIRT, sli-pi-kt; _woollen do._, sno-wks.


20/59

SHOES, kwt-l-shin.

SHOULDER, ts-a-kwn.

SHORT, chi-yetl.

SICK, as-htl'h; _I am sick_, as-htl'h-sen.

SING, _to_, te-ymtsen.

SISTER, _elder_, st-h-nk; _do. younger_, ais.

SIT, _to_, -mt.

SIX, t'hng, tkh-hng-i-ya, tkh-hng-it-hu.

SKATE, _fish_, k-kaukh.

SKUNK, smt-s'n.

SKY, tsit-sl.

SKIN, k-wi.

SLAVE, skw-its.

SLEEP, _to_, et-tt-sen.

SMALL, klt-la, ma-m-min.

SMOKE, sp-kng.

SNAKE, swa-ht-si.

SNEEZE, _to_, h-sng.

SQUIRREL (_Sciurus_), sp'siyut-sen; (_Tamias_), ha-hi-yu-wetsh.

SPEAK, _to_, kwi-it-sen.

SPEAR FISH, _to_, te-chut.

SPEAR, _pronged, for birds_, ts-kwn, s'hm.

SPLIT, ch-yts.

SPOON, kl-mks.

SPRING, chin-es-hw-as.

STAND, _to_, tsit-lng.

STAR, te-t-se-na.

STEAL, _to_, kan.

STONE, s'nangt.


21/59

STOP, h-i; _stop talking_ (_imp._), sm-m'h-tchi.

STORY, yt-sm.

STRANGER, natsh.

STRAWBERRIES, t-ykw.

STRIKE, _to_, k-cht.

STRONG, km-km.

STURGEON, kw'tit-sin.

SUN, s-sht'sht.

SUMMER, kla-t-km, tchin--si.

SURF, skw-lai-y-kan.

SWIM, _to_, tng-ng.

T.

TAKE, _to_, kl-kwt.

TEETH, tchinnis.

TELL THE TRUTH, _to_ (_1st pers._), as-kl'w-chin skwai.

TEN, -pen, -pen-ai, -pen-it-hu.

TESTICLES, ng't-sn.

THAT THING (_the there_), ta-si-ya.

THERE, ta-si-ya; _I go there_, ts-na ta-si-ya.

THEY, kwassa, ts-ta.

THICK, _as a plank_, ch'hlt.

THIN, _as paper_, ch-chm-.

THIRSTY, _I am_, kwa-kwi-ing-sen.

THOU, nkw.

THOUSAND, p'neitsh.

THREE, klekhw, kl-hwi-ya, kl-hwit-hu.

THROW AWAY, _to_, kw-ns.

THUNDER, ts-a-kwtl.


22/59

TIDE, _high_, tng; _low_, sng-t-sen.

TIE, _to_, k-a-kt.

TOAD FISH (_cottus_), s'chem-k'h.

TOBACCO, sm-nash.

TO-DAY, te-a-skw-tchi, ai--nk.

TOES, kl-t-s'n.

TOGETHER, _two_, ch-sa.

TO-MORROW, kw-tchi.

TO-NIGHT, as-nat.

TONGUE, tikhhw'lts.

TOWARDS SHORE, chi-ykw.

TRAIL _or road_, so'tl.

TREE, ski-kai-i-yu.

TRENCHER _or wooden dish_, klo-t.

TROUT, k'hu-m-mn.

TROWSERS, no-snten.

TRUE, as-kl-wtl.

TWO, chissa, ch-sa, n'shit-hu.

U.

UNDER, ki-tch-wtl.

UNDERSTAND, _do you?_ ht-chitts-hu.

UP, t-yit.

UPSET, kwi-kwi.

W.

WALK, _to_, shtng.

WANT, _to_, ns-kl.

WARM, kla-t-kn.

WARRIOR, ns'chng-kn.

WASH _the face_, _to_, nt-s-ko-sen;


23/59

_wash the clothes_, _to_, tsa-kwng-tl.

WATER, ko.

WATERFALL, tst-sil-st-a-wi.

WAVES, n'ki-nkh, s'ch-ilts.

WE, kl-ningtl.

WEIR, _for fish_, sw'kltl.

WHALE, ch'wh-yu.

WHAT? stang; _what do you want?_ stang chins-kl; _what are you doing?_ stang chin-chi; _what is your name?_ stang chins-n; _what is that?_ stang ta-si-ya.

WHERE? ta-hn; _where do you come from?_ cha-hn-tin st-chi; _where do you go?_ twnts-hu.

WHISTLE, _to_, ns-kwi--sng.

WHITE, pk'h.

WHITE MEN, hwa-n-tm.

WHO? tsan; _who is that?_ tsan ta-si-ya.

WIND, s't'chng; _North wind_, kais-hwu; _South wind_, skangt, skangt.

WIFE, _my_, n-sl-a-ni.

WINGS, skl-ki-ai.

WINTER, kl-chi.

WITHIN, _inside_, es-ch-yu.

WOLF, st-ching.

WOMAN, sla-ni.

WOOD, _dead_, kwt-li.

WORK OR DO, _to_, chai; _I work_, ats chi _or_ chit-sen; _thou workest_, nk'w chi _or_ chi-ts-hu; _he works_, kw's chai; _we work_, nng'l ts-chi; _ye work_, nk'w't-sa i-a-chi; _they work_, ts-tsa chichai.

WORTHLESS, tl-wh-os.


24/59

WRIST, s'hts-kwats.

WRITE, s'h-ikh.

Y.

YAWN, _to_, w-uks.

YE, kl-nkw; _all ye_, nkw hnna.

YELLOW, an-nu-kwi-kwai.

YES, a-h.

YESTERDAY, ch-ak-kl.

YOUNG MAN, sw-wus.

YOUR, n'skwa; _your house_, n'skwa n'i-yng.

LOCAL NOMENCLATURE

OF THE CLALLAM TRIBE.

S'ng-o. A river running into the Strait of Fuca, above Neah Bay.

Ok-ho. Another river near the last.

Klat-l-was. A village on the Strait.

Pisht'st. Village at Canel River, Pillar Point.

Kwa-h-mish. Fishing Station at Lyre River.

El-wha. The village at the mouth of the Elkwa, west of Port Angeles.

Tsi-whitzen, Yinnis. Villages at Port Angeles.

Stt-lum. Village at New Dungeness.

Shkwin. Village at Sequim Bay.

K-kaitl or Skw-kwel. Village at Port Discovery.

K-tai. Lower village on Port Townshend.

Chema-kum. Village site at head of do.

VOCABULARY OF THE LUMMI.


25/59

A.

ABOVE, se-suktl.

ADZE, s'chmmn.

AFRAID, si-sin.

AFTER, il-kw-ws.

ALDER, skwang-l'tch.

ALIVE, hal-ikh, hal-l.

ALL, makw, mokw.

ALWAYS, wai, wa-hi, o-wi-la; _always so_, wa-hi-yu shng angs.

ANGRY, kwin-tn.

ARM, talo;

_my arm_, ntalo; _right arm_, si-l-mes; _left arm_, suk-kwes.

ARROW, yitcht.

ASHES, kwi-chp.

AT, _to be at_, l-si _or_ lak-si; _he is at Lummi_, l-si la Nkh-lmmi. _See also "live," "be."_

AXE, kukm. (km-mt, _to chop_.)

B.

BACK, _the_, stas-kwitl.

BAD, h's, s'hs.

BAG _or sack_, chu-kwal.

BAIL A BOAT, _to_, chi-kwst; (_in Simiamoo_), kwllt.

BALD, koa-lekw.

BARK, _of the fir_, chlli; _of the cedar_, sl-kwm.

BASKET, _potato basket_, kl-pk; _load basket_, s'pi-ch; _small basket_, pep-chlkh.

BEADS, _large blue kind_, shkwe-kwn;


26/59

_small white do._, tsts-ht; _small green beads_, tchi-kwl-lekh.

BE, _to_, _See "at," "live."_ _It is in the house_, lk-si -lung.

BEAR, _black_, schthn; _grizzly_, kwechin.

BEARD, kwins'n; _moustache_, kwinks.

BEAVER, skl-lu.

BEFORE (_in point of time_), kwl-hs-lt-sin.

BELLY, kwlla, kls.

BELOW, klkhl.

BIRD, _water fowl_, mok; _small birds_, tsts-at-sm.

BIRDS:

Eagles, golden eagle, kwl-lng-sen; bald eagle, ykh-wl-la. Hawks, pa-ls, tsekhw-tskhw, tl-kwemitl, tsi-ha-litsh; sparrow hawk, ss-so-wak-chil-la. Owls, great horned owl, che-tng-hu; small owl, kwai-el-hu. Woodpeckers, logcock, skwl-lttn; flicker (_P. Mexic._) tsea-k't; small woodpeckers, tst-tng. Swift (_Cypselus_), kuk-stch. Kingfisher, ss-shela. Robins (_T. Naevius_), kws-kk'h; (_T. Migrat._), tsel-tcha.

Warblers, hu-hwl-lsh. Chickadee (_Parus_), ts-ka-yis. Finches (_generic_), tch-kwakwa; ground robin, tl-tlk-si-nn; snow finch, tchi-sa-wtsh. Wren, teti-tm. Raven, sku-takh. Fish Crow, sku-kwata. Blue Jay, chi-ya. Magpie, s'hnnn. Pigeon, hm-kh. Ruffed Grouse, skwts, skwtsha. Dusky Grouse, ng'eet.

Sand-hill Crane, slem. Plover, chit-hn-natsh. Oyster Catcher (_hematopus_), sw-kk. Yellow-shank Snipe, skk-ka-ye. Beach Birds, small snipe (_?generic_), pel-latsh, skeks. Curlew, mk-mk-kwa. Swan, hoha-han. Snow Goose, kla-wkh-han, kla-hwahan. Canada Goose, kh-ha. Brant (_Bernicla_), hl-hltsh, hl-hlcha.


27/59

Mallard (_a. Boschas_), ti-nk-sen. Teal (_Nettion_), hs-natch, chil-siset. Shoveller (_Spatula_), klel-lk-tk-sen. Gadwal (_Chaulelasmus_), shes-sn-na. Sea Ducks (_generic_), kwal-hu. Golden eye (_Clangula_), hl-hl-llo-witl. Canvass back (_Aythya_), hkh-ko-nitsh. Spirit Duck (_Albeola_), hekh-kn-n, k'k-hnna. Merganser (_Mergus Am._), kwa-kw; (_Mergus Serrator_), skm-mtsh. Cormorant, ms-sitch. Gulls, large kinds, kwn-n; small kinds, skkh-kwa. Loons (_Colymbus_), swakwn, hwekhw-kws. Grebes (_Podiceps_), skl-kls, hwanitsh, hwt-tis. Guillemot (_Uria_), sko-kwa-kwts, ko-kkh-kts.

BIRDS, _parts of_: Beak, nksnsh (v. _nose_). Wing, ki-kaal, sk-k-al. Feathers, stli-pl-kan, stakw. Quills, stli-kl. Down, ski-us. Tail, klap-i-sin-itsh.

Gall, ms-suns. Entrails, k-khes. Gizzard, s'hea-kwns. Liver, t'-kas. Heart, ts-li.

BITE, _to_, tsing-ut-tng.

BLACK, nk-kikh.

BLANKET, _feather blanket_ (_a native manufacture_), stm-mo-whitl; _woollen do._, sw-kwatl; _white blanket_, pe-kl-kwt;

_figured do._, nt-salo-wt; _red do._, nu-kwim; _green do._, nk-chal-kwt; _blue do._, chi-al-kt; _large dark blue do._, chil-tl-kwt.

BLAZE, _to_, hu-t-ku.

BLIND, kl-litsh.

BLOOD, ss-tchin.

BLOW _with the breath_, _to_, pa-hwt;

_blow the nose_, _to_, nk-lng-sinna.

BLUE, chi--lis; _pale_, ni-hwkw.

BOARD, _planks_, sl-to.

BOIL, _to_, kwl-ls.

BONE, sm, s'ham.


28/59

BORE, _to_, _as with a gimlet_, slk-wt, nk-slkwt.

BOSOM (_female_), skmma.

BOW, ts-cha-sen.

BOWSMAN, _of canoe_, heu.

BOX _or chest_, kla-yks.

BOY, s'ch-chi-lkh, schiatl, stet-ltkl.

BRACELETS, _of brass wire_, tsa-met-chin.

BREAD, _baked_, taukh.

BREAK, _to_, (_broken_), ti-kwt-tng.

BREAST (_chest_), tsngtl.

BRING, _to_, an-kh-hu.

BROAD, nkh-hwi-k-w'tl.

BROTHER, _elder_, shi-itlkh; _younger_, si-tchin, ni-wh-ka.

BURN, _I_, chkw sin; _it is burning_, ch'ykw.

BURY, _to_, (_to cache_), as-ch-ntl.

BUY, _to_, (_to trade or barter_), hwi-m; _I want to buy_, nus-whi-ym, nus-kl-a-kng sl-klla (nus-kl, _I wish_).

BYE AND BYE, o-ws-hs.

C.

CANOE (_generic_), skwlkh; _Chinook and Makah pattern_, t-hs, t-hs; _small do._, kk-hotl; _large Kawitchen canoe_, shw-atl; _small fishing canoe_, snowh'tl; _shovel-nosed or burden canoe_, klai.

CARRY, _to_, sng-at;

_to carry on the back_, sng-ng; _on the shoulder_, ang-ut-tn; _in the hand_, wi-kwo-nat.

CEDAR, (_Thuja_), h'pai.

CERTAINLY, _of course_, hows.

CHALK (_properly a white diatomaceous earth used for cleaning skins_), stauokw.


29/59

CHIEF, si-m.

CHISEL, _of stone_, sh-wekh.

CHOP WOOD, _to_, kmmt.

CLEAR SKY, shu-ewk'h-hu.

CLEAR OFF, _to_, (_of the weather_), s'ai-yt-tung; _it is clearing off_, ta-chil shu-auk-hu (_clear it comes_).

CLOTH, _calico_, as-hlkh (_i.e. "figured"_); _domestics_, pk'h; (_white_); _baize_, tsatsa-whn; _flannel_, tslwhm.

CLOUDS, spahu; _it is clouding over_, tachil nkh-no-ws.

COALS _of fire_, chtist.

COAL, _stone coal_, pechit.

COAT, snu-ks.

COLORS: White, pkh. Black, nk-kikh. Red, n'sk'h, n'skw. Blue, chi--lis; pale do., ni-hwekw. Yellow, n's-kwl-la-wn, nk-wi. Green, ni-tlut'h, nk-wi.

COME, _to_, n'a, e-n; _I come from Simiamoo_, si-t-sin Si-mi-a-mu;

_come with me_, nk-w-shin-nus; _come into the house_, an--la we-lng, _or_ an-ush-ta no -lng (a-lng, _a house_); _come near_ (_imp._), n'atla.

COOK, _to cook on hot stones_, k'k'pak.

COOKED, _it is cooked_ ("_done_"), kwl.

COPULATE, _to_, sn-nkh.

COUGH, _to_, takwn.

CRADLE, patsts.

CRUSTACEANS: Crab, bes-kwu, -chkh. Spider Crab, ku-kwtl-shin. Stone Crab, ku-kwin-n-wa.

CRY, _I_, ho-angsn.

COVER, _to_, kle-hws-tng.


30/59

CUP, memtk'h.

CUT _with a knife_, _to_, shipt.

D.

DANCE, _to_, koi-ellish, kwi--lish.

DARK, klatch.

DAUGHTER, ng-nna.

DAY, skw-chil.

DEAD, kwi-i, ko-ikh.

DEEP, kltsh.

DEER, smis, sm-is, hpt; _a buck_, sestn ("_horned_"); _in Kawitchen_, hau-pa; _amongst the forest or "Stick" Indians_, klalk-ten-na.

DIG, _to_, _roots in general_, p-nkhw, pn-hu; _potatoes_, si-a-kwls; _fern roots_, tlai-kw; _clams_, kkh-hlla.

DIRTY, tng-hws.

DISHES, nu-wh'tsh-kw-la.

DOG, sko-mi, sk-ha.

DON'T, kwe-t.

DOOR, _also road_, satl.

DREAM, _to_, kl-kl-lasin.

DRESS _a skin_, _to_, ekh.

DRINK, _to_, k-ko, nus-kkh; _I drink_, kwakwa-sn.

DRUM, _to_, _as in conjuring or at dances_, kau-tng.

DRUNK, _foolish_, as-hwkw, s-hwkw-tn.

DRY, sel-p.

DUCK, spl-hntl; _mallard_, ti-nk-sen; (_vide "birds."_)

DULL, _as a tool_, kl-ls.


31/59

E.

EAR, kwlln.

EAR RINGS, sklau-n.

EARTH, _the_, _land_, s'che-tunga-whn, s'che-tng-a-hng; _earth_, _dirt_, s-yk.

EAT, _to_, itln, itl'nkh; _I eat_, nit-st-lin, it-ln-sn.

ECHO, sn-gn.

EGG, sn'lng-__nt, kwn-kwn-n.

EIGHT, tas, tus-s-la, tus-slt-hu.

ELBOW, _or knee-joint_, kl-yt-s-tn.

ELK, kwu-watsh, ky-ytsh, kai-yts.

END, _the end of anything_, s-ans.

EVENING, t'tangen.

EVERY^1 THING^2, mkw^1 stang^2.

EXCHANGE, _to_, i-yakt.

EYE, kllng.

EYEBROW, sngn; _one-eyed_, as-takws.

F.

FACE, sas.

FAR, chakw, chkw.

FART, tk-snitch. _It is the common expression of disgust at anything, or any one._

FAT, _adj._, tlet-lk.

FATHER, mn.

FEATHERS, st-kw, sl'palkan.

FEMALE, sl-ne.

FETCH, _to_, an-khw.

FILE, _a_, clk-hn; _to file_, chk-ks.

FIND, _to_, kwnnng.


32/59

FINGERS, chi-hals.

FINGER RINGS, hi-alm-chis.

FIR TREE, chl-li-ltsh, chl-chils; _fir bark_, chl-li.

FIRE, chk-hs; _bring fire_, kwn-tatsh.

FIRST, il-ch-la.

FISH, ETC.: Cod, ait. Flounder, owe. Herring, slang-t. Calorhynchus, skw-ma. Large cottus, skn-nkhw. Skate, kkh-kkh. Oulakan (_thalechthys_), ti-a-ko-wa. Pencil fish, _a small fish that comes in schools_, katl. Salmon, _vide infra_.

FISH, _parts of_:

Scales, sls. Fins, k-ting-s. Tail, s'hp-shin. Roe, he-a-hetl; herring roe, ch-msh.

FISH WEIR, _large_, s'chi-yk; _small do._, ti-k__p.

FIVE, kl-kats, kl-ktch-s-la, ktch-slt-hu.

FLEA, tt-a-tlm.

FLESH, _meat_, sl-kw.

FLY, _a_, i-kwllng, kwil-lng.

FOG, spi--hwn.

FOOD, set-ln, s-wn.

FOOLISH, as-hwkw.

FOOT, s'hnna.

FOOT-PRINT, hn-nugen.

FOREHEAD, skwangus.

FORMERLY, kwt-li sil-la.

FOUR, ngoss, ni-s__-la, slt-hu.

FRIEND, kl-nk-wil; _my friend_, n's-kl; (_literally, I like him_.)


33/59

FULL, hts.

FUNDAMENT, kla-wkh.

G.

GAME (_beaver teeth dice_), smi-la-li.

GET, _to_, kwnnt; _I want^1 to get^2 pantaloons^3_, nus-kl-k^1 kwn-nt^2 sk-k-s^3; _get something to eat_, _fetch^1 food^2_, _imp._, kwn-nas-sng^1 s'it-ln^2; _get into the canoe_, l-ti kwt-la-tsi ti shw-atl; i-ba kn slangt; (l-tsi _seems to be "at" or "into;" vide "at" and "live;"_) _get fire wood_, _to_, tk-ktsh.

GIRL, st-hl-ni, sln-ch-atl.

GIVE, _to_, (_to give as a present_), ng-us; (_in the sense of "to help or to hand to,"_) kltch; _give it me_, an-khw, (_i.e. bring it._)

GLOVES, ts'-kw-lit-cha, no-s-sin.

GNAT, chetsks.

GO, _to_, h'ya; _I go_, kwl-h'ya-sn, yas-sin-sa; _I am going to Lummi_, y-sin-kin Nkh-lm-mi; _presently I will go_, wi-a-sin-sa; _let us go_, is-t; _go you_, _imp._, ho-ni-chitl'h; _go out_, _imp._, sk-lng, ho-nes-k-lng (a-lung, _house_); _go there, a little further off_, yi-h-wl-tl-l.

GOOD, aikh.

GRAVE, _serious_, kw-hm.

GRASS, s'hs-si.

GREAT, hai-yikh, ke-yikh.

GREEN, ni-tlth, nk-wai.

GREY HAIRED, sts-m-mkhw.

GUM, _resin_, _light wood_, sm-nitsh.

GUN, _north west musket_, p-yk (pu, _the sound of a gun_); _regulation musket_, ym-k'sn; _rifle_, hai-choi-i-ktl; _double-barrelled gun_, nu-chsa-kun (chssa, _two_); _pistol_, chi-chai-etl p-yk (s'chi-chai-an, _an infant_); _revolver_, nn-hk-n-k-n; _to load a gun_, h'nu-wl-lssn; _to ram down the load_, s-a-kn; _to fire a gun_, kwl-shlla, (_Simiahmoo_) klm-kwlla.


34/59

GUNPOWDER, kwlkh; _flints or caps_, kwl-ln.

H.

HAIL, klm-whi-la.

HAIR, si-attn.

HALF, kl-chkh.

HAMMER, _to_, h'kwschis; _hammer_, _a_, s'kwschis.

HAND, sals.

HANDLE, klt-sh-nn.

HE, nekhl, nitlkh.

HEAD, s-kwng-i, skwng-i.

HEAR, _to_, chisa-lan.

HEART, st-s-la, ts-la. _In the sense of the mind_, h'ching-ing.

HEAVY, hm.

HERE, ti--kwu.

HIGH, ses'l.

HONE, _or whetstone_, shu-tks.

HOUSE, -lng; _the posts that support the roof_, k__-kan; _the ridge pole_, s'klm-smelt-hu; _side plates_, hamet-sin.

HOW, _how shall I do it?_ swn-n-ng-set ti-?

HUNCHBACKED, sko-m-sin.

HUNDRED, natso-itch, natso-wtsh.

HUNGRY, kw-kwi.

HUNTER, tsm--mn-sa; _seal hunter_, nus-lm-kh.

HUNTING BAG, shit-t__-la.

HUSBAND, n'st-lush.

I.


35/59

I, us.

ICE, s'lel-lokh, s-ma.

IN, _into_, nu-s; _put in_, _imp._, nu-as ats-chessk; _to be at or in_, lak-si; _vide "live;"_ _it is in the house_, lk-si -lng.

INDIANS, _people_, atl-t-ling-hu.

INFANT, s'chi-chi-an, kk-k, n's-chi-in.

IRON, km-tm.

ISLAND, kl-chas, s'kws-s, sk'-sas.

J.

JEALOUS, s-si-si.

K.

KICK, _to_, lm-mat.

KILL, _to_, k'ch-tkh, ku-chella.

KISS, _to_, nkh-wh'm-kwst.

KNIFE, shpl-tin; _do. with one edge_, il-kkh-han; _two-edged_, wat-ch-han.

KETTLE, _iron_, skl-lup; _wooden_, skoten.

KNOW, _to_, Do you know Sk-kl? (_a man of that name?_) ht-ch-ts-hu Sk-kl?

L.

LAKE, s'weltsh.

LANCE, st-kwi-itch.

LARGE, mokw.

LAUGH, _I_, nn-ni-yng-sen.

LAZY, shng, sakhw; _I am lazy_, sawhng-sin.

LEAF, s'ch-sn.

LEAP, _to_, hw-tng.

LEG, sl-htsh, sk-kn;


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_calf of leg_, ktl-sn.

LEND, _to_, -yil.

LIAR, kai-y-kan.

LIE, _I_, hukh-ki-ya-kn.

LIGHT, _adj._, st-tu.

LIGHTNING, cha--kwa-chk, cha-kts-o-kikh.

LIKE, shn-ngs.

LISTEN, _imp._, ni-hw-i-yan.

LIVE AT, _to_, lksi; (_this word appears to be the equivalent of the Nisqually_ at-suts, _and to be really an adverb signifying "presence" or "existence"_); _I live there_, lk-si tel-l.

LONG, _in dimension_, kl-kut.

LOOK OUT! kw-la.

LOOKING GLASS, skwo-n-sng, sku-ko-n-sng, hu-ku-n-sing; _the image or reflection in the glass_, kukh'-ktl.

LOSE, _to_, ek-kwa.

LOUSE, nssn.

LOVE, _to_, ns-tl, nis-kl.

M.

MAGIC, _conjuring_, ch'si--wn; _for medicine_, shi-nm.

MAKE, _to_, chai; _what are you making?_ stang n's chai? _I am making a canoe_, chai its snohwtl; _make fire_, _imp._, chk-ks.

MAMMALS: Horse, stk-k-u. Elk, kw-watsh, kai-yts. buck, sist-n, _i.e._ "horned." Deer, sm-yis.

buck, sist-n. fawn, stl-la. Bear, black, sps. grizzly, kwi-et-chin. Big horn (_ovis montana_), kwe-kwt-chen. Mountain goat (_aploceras_), swt-le, pi-klkh-kan. Racoon, blps. Dog, sk-mai. Wolf, st'ki-ya. Cougar, shwowa.


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Lynx, skts-ams. Beaver, skl-l-u. Sea otter, tmms. Land otter, s'katl. Seal, __sshu. Mink, kai-yakh, s'ch-a-kn. Weasel, kl-k-la. Skunk, sp-pk. Squirrel (_sciurus_), tsip-si--sn. Striped squirrel (_tamias_), hw-pe-chin. Kamass rat (_neotoma_), n-wit. Mouse, kwatn. Mole, spi-l-wn. Hare, sk-ka-was.

MAMMALS, _parts of_: Neck, tatsh-sns. Atlas joint, kk-kak-w'chis. Ribs, lk-h'ws. Marrow of legs, tts-shshins. Brain, smet-ks. Gristle of vertebr, kwa--ls. Liver, stkchng. Lights, splhu.

Paunch, spukh. Wind-pipe, hwang-n. Tail, klowak-s. Skin, kwl-los. A dressed skin, hl-la-kan. Hair, s'chais. Hoofs, kw-nngs. Kidneys, sn-sns. Sinews of legs, kli--mins. Sinews of back, tng--sens. Horns, tsestn. Heart, ts-la. Os calcis, kt-lin-sns.

Thighs, kat-chat-chs. Saddle or hind quarters, as-satch-chatsh (chus-sa, _two_). Leg, sku-shm-shins. Lower joint of do., s'hn-ns. Fore quarter, t-los. Both do., sklla-hans. Fat, nas. Meat, sl-k.

MAN, sw-yi-ka.

MANY, n'gann, n'gn; _many people_, n'gnhl-t-ling-hu;

_I have many people_, n'gan al-t-ling-hu ti-us.

MAT, slwn; _the large mat used for making temporary lodges_, s-letch; _cedar bark mat_, tsmmt, lokwai.

MEND, _to_, chts-l-kwttn.

MERRY, nks-n-ni.


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MIDDLE (_of length_), -no-wls.

MISTAKE, _to_, _either in speech or on the road_, ml-min.

MOLLUSCS, RADIATES, ETC.: Small round clam (_Venus_), skt-hlai; quahog (_Saxidomus_), skh-hwa; large clam (_Lutraria_), swm. Cockle (_cardium_), sklm. Mussel (_Mytilus_), kl-km. Oyster, klokh-klokh. Whelk, sk-kwi-ykh. Barnacle, sm-mai-ya. Chiton, hllng. Land snail (_helix_), wk-kk'h. Slug (_limax_), kai-yatlin. Sea egg (_Echinus_), skwt-si. Sea slug (_holothuria_), sekt. Star fish, kwl-l-chi, kl-l-sis. Cuttle fish, sk-mk. Shells, k-ya-men.

MOON, kl-kltsh.

MORNING, skw-chi.

MOSQUITO, kw-an.

MOTHER, tn.

MOUNTAIN (_same as rock_), sng-nt.

MOUTH, s-sn.

MOVE FARTHER, yi-h-wl tl-l; _go there_, tkwhist.

MUCH, n'gun; _much food_, n'gn st-ln.

MYTHOLOGY: Ha-ls, _the principal super natural being, equivalent to_ Hun-n _of the Nisquallies_, No-kw-makhl _of the Clallams and Skagits, and_ Ik-ni _of the Chinooks_. S'hui-b, _or_ S'hui-m, _the pre-human demon race_. Ytl-ma, _or_ Shw-mat-wun, _the spirit that presides over good fortune_. Ch'sio-wn, _a particular gift or capacity acquired by fasting, etc., or by incantation, similar to the Chinook tamnowas_. Shi-nm, _magic or medicine_.

N.

NAILS, t'sls, chi-s-lis.

NAKED, klt-sng.

NAME, s'n; _my name_, s-n. _Vide "who."_


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NAVEL, mkh-hwoi-ye.

NEAR, kl-k-a-ke, tt-l-kai, sti-talst.

NEEDLE, chtsn.

NET, _for catching ducks, etc._, tkhm; _seine_, aukh-whi-yen.

NEW, hu-ws.

NIGHT, snat.

NINE, tk'hw, tk-wh-la, tk-whalt-hu.

NO, a-w, a-wkh, kh-wa.

NONE, _there is none_, a-wnna; _are you not ashamed?_ a-wn-na s'ht-sil? (_literally "no shame?"_)

NOSE, nksn.

NOSTRILS, skw-lk-sen.

NOW, ti-a, ti-ank'h.

NUMERALS: _Simple Cardinals--_ 1, ntsa. 2, chssa. 3, klikhw. 4, ng-oss. 5, kl-kats. 6, t'hnkh. 7, tskws. 8, tats.

9, tk'hw. 10, opn. 11, -pn it ntsa. 12, -pn it chssa. 20, tsk-ks, tsk-ws. 30, kl-whl-sh. 40, nsl-sh. 50, kts'hl-sh. 60, tkh-hm-sh. 70, skwl-sh. 80, tsl-sh. 90, to-wol-sh. 100, nat-sa-wtsh.

1000, o-pntsh.

_Personal Cardinals--_ 1, natsa. 2, ch-sa. 3, kl-whi-la. 4, ni-s-la. 5, hl'-katch-sla. 6, tkh-hng--la. 7, tsk-s-la.


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8, ts-s-la. 9, tk-hw-la. 10, o-pn--la. 20, nt-su-ku-s-la.

_Cardinals of Valuation--_ 1, tsakwt-hu. 2, tch's-slt-hu. 3, kl-whlt-hu. 4, slt-hu. 5, ktch-slt-hu. 6, tkh-hng-lt-hu. 7, sk-slt-hu. 8, ts-slt-hu. 9, tk-whlt-hu. 10, o-pn-lt-hu. 20, ts-kw-slt-hu.

O.

OAK, s'chng-altsh.

OFF SHORE, tl.

OLD, tsa-kng, snk-ki; _an old man_, as--lokh, as-messn.

ONE, nt-sa, natsa, tsakwt-hu.

OUT DOORS, st-lng (alng, _a house_).

P.

PADDLE, _to_, ist.

PAN, _or plate_, l-sn.

PANTALOONS, sk-k-us.

PENIS, shel-l__.

PEOPLE, _i.e._ _Indians_, atl-t-ling-hu; _people inhabiting the woods_, "_Stick Indians_," ms-hwi (_whence the name of a tribe on Fraser River, generally known as Maskwies_); _people living on the salt water_, s'chit-lalsha (klals, _the sea_); _River Indians_, chis-t-lo, stl-t-lo (st-lo, _a river_); _white men_, hwa-nitum.

PERHAPS, ykh-wh.

PIGEON, h'mo, hm-o'h.

PIN, _a_, hm-mn; _large blanket pin_, kwn-n-sing.

PIPE, pkw.

PLANE, _to_ (_boards_), sh-shb; (_probably by onomatopia_).


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PLANTS, ETC.: (_See also Trees._) Salmon berry, al--la. Barberry, skw-cha-sitsh. Red raspberry, tkwm. Gooseberry, km-kwltsh. Dewberry, skl-nu-whlsh Rose bush, kl-kl. Berries of do., kl-lk. Snowberry bush, pat-saltsh. Berries of do., p'pi-ki-yas. Honeysuckle, kat-kat-ltsh, saltsh; (_the leaves are chewed as a medicine_.) Spira, kads-sulch. Wild pea, hm-kwai--sin. Wild rye, pshai. Yarrow (_Achillia multifolia_), pl-l-a-kwtsh; (_it is used to expedite delivery_.) Prickly pear (_cactus_), ts-ta. Thorns, chit-tm-ms. Equisetum, mkhw, -is-kd. Root of do., ko-ma-lokh. Cat-tail rush, s__-kn. Tule or round rush, skwl-ll.

Wild onion, swl-nitsh. Brake fern, sk-ka-an. Roots of do. (_eaten_), skwiyu. Small brake, tskkwa. Wood fern, s'h-lm. Liquorice fern (_an expectorant_), kls-sp. Lichens, kt-che. Spanish moss, stl-hi-is. Liverworts, mkhtl-ls; _a species of moss with a peppery taste, used in medicine_, kt-si. Sea weeds, chil-lm. Kelp (_fucus gigantia_), kw-ang.

PLANT, _to_, chin-eng-tl.

PLENTY, n'gn.

POINT _of anything_, i-sksin.

POOR, _wretched_, sl-l-wa.

PORCUPINE QUILLS, tsts-l-kan.

PORPOISE, kw-nat.

POSTS _for supporting the roof of a house_, k-kan.

POUND, _to_ (_as seeds, grain_), kli-a-kwng-tl.

PRAIRIE, spelkhhan.

PREGNANT, sk-kwi.

PRESENTLY, hwa-sing-anga; _in a little while_, h'westa-l, hu-as-ta-al.


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PRONOUNS: I, us; _suffixed to a verb_ (_copulative_), sn. My, ti-us; _prefixed to noun_ (_possessive_), n's, ns. Thou, nkw. Thy, ti-nk-wa. Thyself, tin-tsi-la. He (_that one_), nel, nitlh. We, minglkt, kl-minglkh. Ye, nk-kw-li-e. They, nan-etl-ya, kw-si-a-hal-tn. My canoe, nus-kw n'shw-atl. Thy knife, sns-kwn's-pl-tn. His gun, ts-ka po-yk. Our country, ts-kwn tng-hu. Your house, tsng anng h-la. Their father, k'sn mn.

PULL THE HAIR, _to_, heng-kw-tn.

PUT ON, _to_, _pantaloons_, hk-w-sing; _a coat_, hut-ch-tng.

PUT INTO, _to_, _imp._, nu-s ats-ches-sk.

PUT DOWN, _to_, s-kws.

R.

RAIN, slmmkh.

RAISE UP, _to_, s-at.

RAKE, _for taking herring and other small fish_, tletha-men.

RAPID, _in a river_, kwetchm.

RAW, hets.

RED, n'sk'h, n'skw.

RELATIONSHIPS: Father, mn. Mother, tn. Husband, my, n'st-lsh. Wife, _idem_. Son or daughter, ng'nna. Brother, _if older than the speaker_, sh-itlh;

_if younger_, si-tchin. Elder sister, -lish; _younger do._, si-tchin. Grandfather, cha-mok. Grandmother, s-la. Uncle, latl, hai'tch; (_as the nephew grows older, the uncle becomes an elder brother_.) Aunt, sh-ilsh. Father-in-law, sltl. Mother-in-law, _idem_.


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Brother-in-law, _idem (?)_. Sister-in-law, s'ng-athwun. Sister's husband, _idem_. Step father, n's-gn-n. Step mother, _idem_. Daughter-in-law, skw-lo-wis. Husband's other wives, si-ya.

RIVER, st-lo; _small stream_, st-ta-lo.

ROAD, satl.

ROAST, _to_, _in ashes_, tl-lk; _on a stick_, s'kwllng.

ROCK, sng-nt.

ROPE, hw-lm.

RUN, _to_, kw-nng-t, kw-nng-it.

S.

SAD, htl-tin, htch-ingn.

SAIL, _make sail_, _imp._, chai-a-kwn pa-kwn; _take in sail_, _imp._, klng-s.

SALAMANDER, pt-h'yil.

SALMON, _generic_, s'chn-hu.-- _Various species:_ ktchks _Salmo scouler_, RICHARDSON; hn-nn, _the hump-backed salmon_ (_S. Proteus_); sk-k (_not ascertained_);

y-mutsh, _S. quinnat_, RICH.; kwal-hu, _S. canis_, SUCKLEY (_this name, it will be noticed, is also applied to sea ducks_); k-kh, _S. truncatus_? kwl-yauk, _salmon when exhausted by spawning_; tghs, _salmon trout_ (_S. Campbelli_, SUCKLEY); su-kwi, _brook trout_ (_S. stellatus_, GRD.); hu-m-ni, _salmon fry._ (_This last word suggests the Spokane word for the brook trout_, hu-m-na.)

SALT, klatln.

SAND BEACH, s'het (_Lummi_), si-etsm (_Kwantlen_).

SAND SPIT, na-wa-ltsh.

SCOOP, _for bailing a canoe_, tsangtn.

SCRAPE, _to_, ekht.

SCRATCH, _a_, si-hks.

SCRATCH, _to_, ht-ch-tng;


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_I scratch_, hi-kk-sn.

SEA, klals, kt'hlals.

SEASONS: Spring, tchin-kw-lis, tchin-kwai-lus. Summer, kw-lus (kw-lis, _warm_) tchin--yi. Autumn, chits-at-lin, tsa-whngst. Winter, chints--hm, chin-s-ttsh, s-titsh.

SEE, _to_, lang-t, lang-it.

SELL, _to_, hwi-mla.

SEVEN, tskws, tsk-s-la, sk-slt-hu.

SEW, _to_, chets.

SHAKE HANDS, _to_, kwn-sest.

SHALLOW, shi-shm.

SHARP, i-yas.

SHARPEN, _to_, _to whet on a stone_, t'kas.

SHAWL, st-s-msh.

SHIRT, kts--lis; _"hickory" shirt_, htl-p-wn.

SHOES, _moccasins_, s'klka-shin.

SHOOT, _to_, _with a bow_, ts-mn.

SHOT, hs-m-kw.

SICK, s'hatl.

SICK, _I am_, s'hal'sn.

SING, _to_, t'e-lm, telim.

SISTER, _elder_, -lish; _younger_, si-tchin.

SIT, _to_, m-mt, m-mit, tsm-m-no.

SIX, t'hnkh, tkh-hng--la, tkh-hng-lt-hu.

SKIN, _dressed_, hl-kn; _un-dressed_, kwllo.

SKY, s-ishl, skwi-yil.

SLEEP, _to_, t-t-t, -tt-tt, i-tit.

SLEEPY, a-t-tng.

SLOWLY, o-s'n-ang'h.


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SMALL, mi-m-min.

SMELL, _a_, hkw.

SMELL, _to_, hk-kwlla, hk-kw-li.

SMOKE, _to_, _a pipe_, sm-nis-tin (sm-nsh, _tobacco_); _as a fire_, spt-lng.

SNAKE, s'alkhka.

SNEEZE, _to_, h-sing.

SNORE, _to_, hw-na-kng.

SNOW, n-ka.

SON, ng-una.

SOUL, _the_, sl-l.

SOUR, s-han.

SOW, _to_, _grain_, _&c._, chi-its (chai, _to work_).

SPEAK, _to_, kwal.

SPEAR, _to_, _water fowl_, t'kwa-nm; _seals_, si-ym-mn; _fish_, t's-hngn.

SPLIT WOOD, _to_, skt.

STAB, _to_, met-t-ng-kwa; _Simiamoo_, ti-chetng-kwa.

STAND, _to_, st-ln.

STAR, k-s'n, k-s'n.

STAY, _I will stay_, a-ws-sin.

STEAL, _I stole_, as-kwa-kan; _you stole_, nkwa kwa-kan; _he stole_, nikhl-kwa-kan.

STEER, _to_, chn-n-set; chk-ke-nng.

STEERSMAN, _of canoe_, as-kw-at.

STOCKADE, _fence_, kl-lkhhan.

STONE, chet-hlkh; _rock_, sng-nt.

STOP, _I will stop here_, o-atla-sn (_perhaps "I have arrived"_); _stop_, _imp._, _i.e. stop doing any thing_, un-nkhw kw-tn s'chai; _stop_ (_when one is helped sufficiently to food_), hi; _stop_ (_talking_), sm-mukh.


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STRIKE, _to_, _with the fist_, nt-ss-tng.

STRIPED, as-h-tsh.

STRONG, km-km, kwm-kwm.

STURGEON, skw-wtsh.

SUN, sku-kl.

SWEET, sak-kng (aikh, _good_).

SWIM, _to_, tng-a-ng.

T.

TAKE, _to_, kwnnut (_same as to get_).

TAKE OFF, _to_, kl__-lis, klt-sang.

TALE, _story_, skwlkwl.

TALL, kl'k-tkhl.

TEETH, chinnis.

TEN, opn, o-pn--la, o-pn-lt-hu.

TESTICLES, m-tchin.

THANK YOU, hekh.

THAT, tl-l, ta-l; _that is Lucy's_, la Lucy ti-l.

THERE, ta-l; _there it is_, e-i-t-i-ti, t-la-ti.

THEY, nan-tl-ya, kw'sia-hl-tn.

THING, _things_, stang; _every thing_, nkw-stang. _It is noticeable that in this language, as well as in the Nisqually, Chinook, and probably in others, the word for "thing" is the same as that for "what."_

THIEF, kn-kan.

THIS, tiet-hla.

THOU, nkw; _thyself_, tin-tsila; _you are a Kanaka yourself_, Kanaka tin-tsila.

THOUSAND, o-pntsh.

THREAD, _twine_, hw-lum.


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THREE, klikhw, kl-whi-la, kl-whlt-hu.

THROAT, haungen.

THROW, _to_, _as a stone_, tsi-lakh; _to throw away_, hwlt-hu. (_In the Simiamoo dialect_, -kwt; _to throw away with violence_, tim-mt.)

THUMB, ss-tls.

THUNDER, s'h-hwas.

TIDES: Flood tide, kmml. Ebb tide, hi-klatl'h. High tide, km-kmml. Low tide, shamshm.

TOBACCO, sm-nsh.

TOBACCO POUCH, sm-na-sh-la.

TO-DAY, ti-a-kis, ti-o-skw-chil.

TOES, s'chs'sn, sn-hwl-shin.

TO-MORROW, kw-chil, kwi-ikhl.

TONGUE, t-whls.

TRADING HOUSE _or store_, shwui-ml (hwi-m-la, _to sell_).

TREES, _forest_, s'ki-l-lng-hu.

TREES, ETC.: Red pine (_P. ponderosa_), kwa-kwa-y-la-hilp.

Dwarf pine (_P. contorta_), kwkhwl-ch. Spruce fir (_Abies Menzesii_), chi-kwtlp. White fir (_A. grandis_), sko-me-yks. Hemlock spruce (_Abies ---- ----_), s'ke-ltch. Yew, tlng-klsh. Cedar (_Thuja_), h'ch-chiltsh. Red cedar (_Juniperus_), pits-in-i-ilp. Arbutus (_A. Menzesii_), k-kwltsh. Trailing arbutus (_A. uva-ursi_), kwn-neltsh; _the leaves of this vine are used for smoking_. Birch, kats-ltch. Maple (_A. macrophylla_), km an-ilp. Vine maple (_A. circinata_), sh-chlp.

Alder, s'kwng-ltsh. Crab apple tree, kkh-whtsh. Fruit of do., ka-khw. Elder, ts-wkh. Willow, swl-ltsh.

TREES, _parts of_: Roots, komel-lokh. Fir cones, ta-m-ku-kns. Pitch or rosin, sm-nitsh.


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Leaves, sats-tl. Fir bark, t'chl-le. Cedar bark, shl-km. Inner bark of do., skwekhw. Willow bark (_used for making seines_), sw-lakh. Rotten wood, pi-kwi.

TWO, chus-sa, ch-sa, tch's-slt-hu.

U.

UNCOVER, _to_, kt-lst.

UNDERSTAND,-- _I understand that_, ht-che-tu ti-ats; _I don't understand_, o-n kwins-hu-chet; _Do you understand Clallam?_ ht-che-tt kws-sa Ns-kli-ym?

URINATE, ch-wa. (_This applies to either sex, there not being a distinction made, as in the Nisqually._)

W.

WALK, _to_, s-tng, sh-tng.

WANT, _to_, skl; _I want_, n's-kl; _I don't want_, -wa sins-kle.

WARM, kwass, kw-ls.

WARRIOR, nus-chang-kn, mich-kllo-wtl.

WASH, _to_, (_the hands_), tsk-s-smg; (_the face_), tsk-w-sng;

(_clothes_), tsk-l-kwo-tng; _I wash_, sa-kwmsn.

WATER, kaukh.

WAVES, skwt-la-lk-n.

WE, ninglkh, kl-ning-lkh.

WET, klk-st, tsa-mng.

WHAT, stng, stng-wt; _what is that?_ stang ti-?

_what are you doing?_ stang nis-chai? _what food do you buy?_ stang kwa chats swun? _what?_ (_in answer to a call_), stang? _what is the matter with you?_ es-tang hat-su? _what do you want?_ stang sins-kle ti-nk-wa; _what is your name?_ (_vide "who."_)

WHERE, a-hn; _where is my gun?_ t'hn-ku ken po-yk? _I don't know where_, kw-hen ish-tkka;


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_where do you come from (whence you?)_ tsa-hns-hu, tsa-hnts-hu? _where are you going (whither you?)_ t'whns-hu, twntst-hu?

WHISTLE, _to_, sh-pi-ls.

WHITE, pk'h.

WHO, wt, wat; _who did that?_ watla kwuts-chi-a ti-a? _what (literally "who") is your name?_ wat-tun-m? wat kud sna?

WIFE, n'st-lush (_same as husband_).

WIND, st-chng.

WINDS: West, ste-wt. W. N. W., tent-sa-lk. N. W. and North, s'ch-ym. S. S. E., skang-t. S. W., s'chis.

WINGS, sk-kl.

WIPE, _to_, (_the face_), nu-hwa-ch-sng; (_the hands_), chkw-sim.

WOLF, st-ki-kh.

WOMAN, sl-ni.

WOOD, s'chtl; _a log_, kwt-hli; _dry wood_, st-ta-chi.

WORK (_do_, _make_), chi.

WORTHLESS, kl-hl-o-__s.

WRESTLE, _to_, tsl-tng.

WRITE, _to_, hllt.

Y.

YAWN, _to_, wea-ks.

YE, YOU, nk-kw-li-.

YELLOW, n's-kwl-la-wn, nk-wai.

YES, a-h; _yes indeed, certainly_, hows, hus, si-t

YESTERDAY, chi-lak'hl.

YOUNG, s'hw-wils.


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LOCAL NOMENCLATURE

OF THE LUMMI TRIBE.

Chil-tn-nm. Point Roberts.

No-ku-mekhil. A creek running into the bay.

Pi-kalps. The Indian village of Camp Simiamoo.

Sim-i-amu. The name of the band.

Kul-lahan. "Stockade," the site of the old village.

Ala-la. Creek at the head of Drayton harbor.

Selitsh. The site on the sand spit of ditto. The name Tsi-helis has the same signification.

Kwd-shd. Mount Baker.

Hl-hl-ok'h. Site between Drayton harbor and Birch bay.

Tsu-wkh. Site on Birch bay.

Tut-si-nts. Sli-ek-sen. Sandy point.

Chu-ks. North end Lummi island.

St'kwp. A site on eastern side of do.

Skalek-shn. Fishing on west side of do.

Mam-ek _or_ S'mm-m-k. The mountain on south end of do.

Kl-kwa-ni. A rock off S. W. end of ditto. It is a s'hui-yb or demon.

To-whtsh. Eliza island.

Ku-kwa-n-ng. Viti rocks.

Ch-chu-sen. Part of the Delta of Lummi river.

Skl-h-netl, Sla-yks. Mouths of the river on Hale's passage.

Tom-whik-sen. The winter village on the passage.

Tla-pi. Another neighboring site.

Swl--sen _or_ S'hl-e-sen. The Portage.

N-s-k-la-hm. The neck of Point Francis.

S-liss. Point Francis. (_Vide_ S-litsh, _supra._)

Klik-a-t-nus. The small prairie at the military station, Fort Bellingham.


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Kwal-lu-hm (Squallicum). The small creek above Whatcom.

What-com. The outlet of the lake. The name refers to the noise of its waters.

Si-hm. The site of the Bellingham Bay Coal Mine.

Ma-m-si. Pattle's claim.

Sislit-chm. Thomas's claim.

Tai-ch-mish. The cove at Cullum's claim.

Tchk-a-nts. The inner bight of Bellingham bay.

S'hts-ks. Point William, or Samish point.

As--a-kn. Samish village behind the island.

Pen-kh-hu. Vendovi island. The name is derived from that of a bulbous root growing there.

T'ch-kwil-la. N. W. point of Gueymes island.

T'kw-wa-tchin. N. E. side of do.

Kwil-shants. S. E. point of do.

Nkh-whai-i-mikhl. Samish village S. W. side of do.

Tl-la-lokh, Nu-kwt-l-al. Localities on Fidalgo island.

Mk-kk'hs. N. E. point of do.

Skt-ls. Sinclair island.

Tt-skh. Cypress island.

Ttl-ki-t-ns. Strawberry harbor on do.

Sh-ng-tl'h. The peak on the N. end of do. It is the nest of the thunder bird.

S'nk-nokh-hw'tl. Site on western side of Blakely island.

Ns-kwi-chennm. James's island.

Chis-si-n-a. Bird rocks off Decatur island.

Ht-tt-ch'l. Site of Indian village on S. E. end of Orcas island.

Ko-p-tn. S. E. point of eastern bay in Orcas island.

Mk-kwl-nitch. Small lake and cascade emptying into the eastern bay.

I-ukhkan. The cove at Mk-kwl-nitch.

Chin-chin-ts-lng. A rock on the eastern shore of the bay. It was another demon--a woman who committed adultery with every one. She was turned into stone by Ha-ls, but her spirit remains. She used to


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live at that place in summer, but went up the bay in the winter.

Nkh-whi-ym. Deadman's rock in the eastern bay. An old cemetery of the Lummi Indians.

Tsl-wh-sn. A site at the head of the bay.

Sw-lakh. Mount Constitution, on Orcas island. The name is also given to the eastern bay itself, or rather to the country upon it.

S'ko-ma-ang. A mountain on the peninsula between the eastern and middle bays. The name refers to a berry called _t'kwama_, and means "_like that berry_."

Ala-la, "_like a house_," from _alung_, "_a house_." Another hill on Orcas island. The name also applies to the land bordering on the middle bay.

Ns-kl-ling-s. The point at the entrance of the middle or Ala-la bay.

Skwk-sen. A rock on the eastern side of do. This was another demon.

Iye-hn. The bald hill at the head of Ala-la bay.

T'kai-yetsh. The extreme S. W. point of Orcas island.

Nukh-l-kwoi. A site on the W. side of do.

Kwi-ns. N. point of Lopez island.

Skll-nip. Sand point N. end of do.

Nu-chad-kwun. E. point of do.

S'whl-ltsh. The lagoon on the W. side of do. (Its Clallam name, _Pal-pi-yu_.)

Kt-lla. E. point of Shaw's island.

Hs-sltsh, Hwi-ch-sen. Localities on the S. side of do.

Kl-chang. Point on N. side do.

Nk-p-katsh. Rocky islet N. side do.

Kla-l-ka-mish. Former inhabitants of the E. side of San Juan island; a band of Lummis now extinct.

Si-alng-hu. Hudson's Bay farm, San Juan island.

Wa-hl-a-nn. Hudson's Bay salmon house, San Juan do.

Kl-whi-ten. Patos island.

Klakhw-km (_mussels_). Patos island.

Pen-kh. Matia group. The name has the same signification as that of Vendovi island.

Chu-sh-nng. Sucia group.


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Si-l-ka-mish. Spiedur island.

Kwn-ns. Stuart island.

S'Hn-ne. Waldron island.

Le-ml-tcha, St-shum. Former villages on Waldron island.

El-t'nlh. Point Disney, do.

Pl-hunk'-'sun. W. point, do.

NAMES OF LUMMI CHIEFS.

Sa-hp-kan, now dead.

Chil-lk, his son, also dead.

Chu-its-ht, another son, and

Chil-l-k.

The last is Chief of the North Lummis, and Chu-its-ht of the southern band.

Hu-t-sa-lk, at Simiamoo.

End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Alphabetical Vocabularies of the

Clallum and Lummi, by George Gibbs

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Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi

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Transcript of Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallum and Lummi