ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION Africa Regional Report

AFRICAN REGIONAL REVIEW MEETING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

16-18 July 2013

Dr. Robert M. [email protected]

16 July 2013

LyciarDare to Know

ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION

Africa Regional Report

1United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

mailto:[email protected]

PRIORITIES OF APOA

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•Fundamental Transit Policy Issues.

•Infrastructure Development and Maintenance.

•International Trade and Trade Facilitation.

•International Support Measures.

•Implementation and Review.

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

16 AFRICAN LLDCs

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ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA2003 - 2013

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•Africa as a whole made good and steady progress: HDI improved and Gap narrowed between LLDCs and Transit Countries.MDG Achievements significant – LLDCs as well as Transit Countries.But inequalities increased among and within.

• ODA is still significant, but FDI and Remittances now more important.

PRIORITY 1: FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY ISSUES

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3 Major Dimensions of Transit Transport:

•International legal frameworks govern facilitation of the transit transport

•Institutional framework for operations and management of transit transport

•Infrastructure for transport mode - road, railways, port, airport, inland waterways, pipelines.

International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa

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3 Levels of Participation:

African Participation in International Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport

Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport

Africa Sub-Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport (RECs)pipelines.

International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa

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Treaty/Convention Year Adopted African Parties

Barcelona Convention on Freedom of Transit 1921 Burundi, Chad (2)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT/WTO

1947/1995

Sub-Sahara Africa (38), except Ethiopia, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, S&P

New York Convention on Transit Trade of Landlocked Countries

1965 BF, Burundi, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia (16)

Brussels Convention Establishing a Customs Cooperative Council.

1950

Kyoto Convention on Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures.

1973 Nigeria, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe (4)

Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets; also called the TIR Convention.

1975

Nairobi Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance for the Prevention, Investigation and Repression of Customs Offences.

1977 Malawi, Niger, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (6 LLDCs); CI, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo (7 costal).

Geneva Convention on Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods.

1982 South Africa, Lesotho, Liberia (3)

Montego Bay Convention on Landlocked Countries.

1982 Landlocked Countries (15); SSA Coastal Countries (27)

Almaty Programme of Action. 2003 Landlocked Countries (16); SSA Coastal Countries (27)

Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport

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Instrument Year Key Issues

OAU Addis Ababa Charter 1963 Initial signature by 32 governments, with South Sudan becoming the 55th member in July 2011. Article II aims, inter alia, “to promote international co-operation, having due regard to the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, and calls upon the Member States to co-ordinate and harmonize their general policies, especially in the fields economic co-operation, including transport and communications.

Monrovia Declaration 1979 In pursuit of the objectives of the New International Economic Order, the OAU “Council committed to implement completely the programme of the United Nations Transport and Communications Decade in Africa.”

Lagos Plan of Action 1980 Called for the creation of an African Common Market by 2000, and in this regard assigned to the Regional Economic Communities the objective: “.. to reinforce effectively sectoral integration in transport.”

Abuja Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC)

1991 The policy objectives include: “To promote economic, social and cultural development as well as integration of African economies”, including in the area of trade and transport, “the harmonization of policies …. and removal of obstacles to movement of persons, goods and services, with special measures for the landlocked countries”.

African Maritime Transport Charter 1993 Chapter VII on issues of Landlocked Countries. Transit Partner States agree to grant facilities and benefits to landlocked countries and to apply non-discriminatory administrative, fiscal and Customs measures. They agree to coordinate their policies of acquisition and use of land, river, air and maritime transport and port. They are encouraged to enter into bilateral and multilateral conventions on transit and to ratify those in force.

African Union 2002 Transformed OAU into AU. The objectives contained in the Constitutive Act, include “Promote sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies.”

NEPAD 2002 Establishment of AU) was accompanied with the formulation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) as the new framework for economic and social development of Africa and the achievement of the MDGs in Africa. RECs remain the anchor of regional mechanisms for achieving the African Union programs, and continue to place priority on enhancing interconnectivity and facilitating trade by focusing on transport corridors as microcosms of integration and spatial development on the continent.

African Maritime Transport Charter 2009 Update of the 1993 Charter and a call to include it in the national legislations. It calls for emphasis on cooperation between LLDC and Transit States, development of Multimodal Transport, Ports and ICT applications.

Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors

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Issue for Harmonization

East AfricaEAC

COMESA

Southern AfricaSADC

Central AfricaECCASCEMAC

West AfricaECOWASUEMOA

Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits)

Yes. Axle Load/GVMWeighbridges installed

Yes.Axle Load/GVMWeighbridges installed

Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE).Axle Load/GVM

Road Transit Charges Harmonized with SADC Harmonized with COMESA and EAC

Carrier License and Transit Plates

Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes

Yellow Card Yellow Card (of COMESA) Orange Card ECOWAS Brown Card insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) -ECOWAS "Carte Brune" (Brown Card) and CIMA Code

Road Customs Transit Declaration Document

COMESA Customs Declaration Document (CD-COM)

Single Administrative Document (SAD)

ECOWAS’ Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and SupplementaryConvention A/SP.1/5/90

Road check points Significant reduction ECOWAS Interstate Road Transport (IST) – Convention A/P.2/5/82

Regional Customs Bond Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized with SADC

Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized with COMESA and EAC

Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention)

Border Posts Operations 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development

Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC

ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management

ASCYUDA ASCYUDA ASCYUDA ASCYUDA


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Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits):

EAC/COMESA: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed

SADC: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed

ECOWAS: Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE); Axle Load; GVM


• Road Transit Charges EAC/COMESA/SADC: Harmonized ECCAS and ECOWAS: None• Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes EAC/COMESA/SADC: Yellow Card ECCAS: Orange Card ECOWAS: Brown Card/Carte Brune insurance

scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) – ECOWAS CIMA Code

16 July 2013 11United Nations Economic Commission for Africa


• Road Customs Transit Declaration Document EAC/COMESA: COMESA Customs Declaration

Document (CD- COM) SADC: Single Administrative Document (SAD) ECCAS: None ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) –

Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90



• Regional Customs Bond EAC/COMESA/SADC: Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme -

Harmonized ECCAS – None ECOWAS - Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit

(TRIE Convention)• Border Posts Operations 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development in East Africa Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC ECCAS and ECOWAS - None



• Road Check Points EAC/COMESA: Significant reduction ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transport (IST) –

Convention A/P.2/5/82

• ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management All RECs: ASCYUDA


PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND

MAINTENANCE.s

TAH ALLIGNMENTS


PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.

• East Africa Corridors.


PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.

• East Africa Corridors. Northern Corridor (TAH 8) – Mombasa Port; Multimodal Central Corridor (TAH 4)– Dar es Salaam Port; Multimodal Djibouti – Addis Ababa Corridor (TAH 6)– Djibouti Port; Road

and Rail LAPSSET – Lamu Port; Project Stage Mwambani Economic Corridor – Tanga Port; Project

Conception Stage


PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE

• Southern African Corridors



• Southern Africa Dar es Salaam Corridor (TAH 4) – Multi-Modal Maputo Corridor – Multi-Modal Nacala Corridor Beira Corridor (TAH 9) North-South Corridor (TAH 9) – Multi-Modal Walvis Bay Corridor Group (WBCG):- Trans Caprivi Corridor (TCC) - Trans Kalahari Corridor (TKC) – TAH 10- Trans Cunene Corridor



West AfricaCorridors



• West Africa Dakar – Bamako Corridor (TAH 5): Multimodal Tema – Ouagadougou Corridor: Road Abidjan – Ouagadougou: Road and Rail Lome – Ouagadougou: Road Cotonou – Niamey: Road and rail

• Central Africa Douala – Bangui Corridor Douala – Ndjamena Corridor Point-Noire Corridor (TAH 3)


PRIORITY 3: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION

• Africa’s External Trade performance – Global Share Marginal Increase from 2.3% in 2000 to 3.2% in 2010.

• However, significant increase in export values of African LLDCs, except Swaziland.

• African LLDCs Export Concentration in2010/2011 very high on raw commodities (Mali 79% Gold, Botswana 75.6% Diamonds, Malawi 58.4% Tobacco, etc.)

• African Export Market Concentration shifting from Traditional EU dominance towards Emerging Economies (China)


Africa Export Trade Concentration


Country Year 1st. %

Botswana 2011 Diamonds, not mounted or set 75.6

BurkinaFaso

2010 Gold 68.6

Burundi 2010 Coffee 59.5

CAR 2009 Diamond not mounted or set 61.9

Ethiopia 2009 Coffee 32.4

Lesotho 2010 Food, Beverages, Tobacco 8.2

Mali 2010 Gold 79.1

Malawi 2011 Unmanufactured tobacco 58.4

Niger 2009 Uranium or thorium

Rwanda 2011 Tin ores and Concentrates 24

Swaziland 2007 Mixed odoriferous substances for industrial use 29

Uganda 2010 Coffee 18

Zambia 2010 Copper in all forms 78

Zimbabwe 2010 Nickel oxide sinters, ores and (mattes, concentrates)

22

Trade Facilitation

• Trade Costs and Major Bottlenecks: Ease of Doing Business:

LLDCs showed encouraging improvement in key indicators between 2006 and 2012 – DE/I, TE/I, CE/CI

LLDCs continue to perform below Transit countries in all aspects.

Logistics Performance Index: Few African LLDCs and Transit Countries improved Global Rankings

between 2007 and 2012: Botswana, Malawi, Uganda, Niger, Zimbabwe; and Benin, Tanzania, Namibia, Togo, Ghana.


Trade Facilitation Initiatives

s • National Initiatives: Rwanda, Mali, Swaziland, Malawi, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe

• Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA)• One-Stop Border Posts (OSBP) or Joint Border Posts

(JBP) • Aid for Trade (AfT)• Trade Facilitation Facility – US$40m Trust Fund for

LDCs


PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES

s • Global Support to Africa UN – OSSA, OHRLLS, UNECA, Inter-Agency

Coordination Global Initiatives (Brussels and Johannesburg) G8 – Kananaskis – AAP (2002); Evian –

OECD/APF(2003); Gleneagles – Blair Commission (2005), etc.

WTO – AfT WCO – Capacity Building



• Bilateral Support: EU – EBA, EPA UK/DFID – Country; Regional (TradeMark);

Continental (AFTI, EIF) USA/USAID – Continental (AGOA); Regional (Trade

Hubs); Country (MCC) JAPAN/TICAD-JICA – Regional (OSBP) CANADA/CIDA – ATC France, China, India, Brazil, Turkey



s • IFIs: WB - SSATP AFDB – (NEPAD, ICA, IPPF, PIDA) Arab Funds – IDB, BADEA, KDF Other African Infrastructure Funds – AFC, PAIDF, ICF,

AFP.


PRIORITY 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW

s • Country Reports on National Implementation and Review – Burkina Faso, Burundi, Swaziland, Zambia

• Implementation and Review at the Global Level

• African Regional Review


Emerging Issues

s • Civil Conflicts – Kenya, CI, CAR• Greater Regional Integration• Global Economic and Financial Crises• Climate Change• Population, Urbanization and Migration• Technological Advances• Emergence of New Economic Power Poles• Governance and Natural Resources Management


Way Forward

s • Development of Fundamental Transit Transport Policy – Accession and Implementation of International Agreements

• Improving Transport Infrastructure Alternate Routes to LLDCs Greater Inter-Modal Balance Supportive Infrastructure – ICT and Energy


Way Forward

s • Strengthening International Trade and Trade Facilitation

Developing Productive Capacity and Diversifying the Export Base

Management of Natural Resources Promoting Investment

• Facilitation of Trade Deepening Regional Cooperation and Integration WTO Trade Negotiations


Way Forward

s • International Support Measures Framework for Partnership with Emerging Markets

– China, India, Brazil, Turkey, etc.

• Harnessing Demographic Dividends

• Special Case of CAR, CHAD, South Sudan


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Thank You

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION Africa Regional Report

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