Open Access: What it can do for science and scholarship Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK.
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK SCONUL Annual Conference, Leeds, UK, 16-18 June 2010.
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JISC’S ECONOMICS-BASED STUDIES ON SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK SCONUL Annual Conference, Leeds, UK, 16- 18 June 2010
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Transcript of Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK SCONUL Annual Conference, Leeds, UK, 16-18 June 2010.
JISC’S ECONOMICS-BASED STUDIES ON SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION
Alma SwanKey Perspectives Ltd
Truro, UK
SCONUL Annual Conference, Leeds, UK, 16-18 June 2010
Learned society OA business models Written by Mary Waltham, June 2005 Nine society publishers (8 UK, 1 US) 13 journals (one fully OA) Investigated revenue streams (average income in 2004
= £1918 per article) Prestige journals:
in well-funded fields (e.g. biomedicine) author-side fees are easily obtained
Smaller prestige journals for less well-funded fields show growth in uptake if fees are low
OA is almost non-existent in ‘preprint fields’ Resistance to author-pays in some disciplines Competitive market emerging in APCs Key Perspectives Ltd
Business models for journal content Rightscom Ltd, April 2005 Models under which e-journals are made available
to libraries: advantages, disadvantages and risks: National licences PPV converting to subscription PPV pre-purchase Collections of core and peripheral titles OA (‘author pays’) OA (‘hybrid’)
Recommended trialling new models
Key Perspectives Ltd
OA Funding Initiative
Six publishers, 2004-6 £384,500 to experiment with OA publishing,
waiving author charges for 6 journals Evaluation showed that the publishers were
positive Users were generally positive and would publish
this way again No conclusions about the ability of authors to find
APC funds
Key Perspectives Ltd
Economic implications of OA for the UK
John Houghton and colleagues (2009) Identified the activities in the scholarly
communication system Attached costs to each, and thus to the system Modelled the economic benefits of 3 new,
alternative scholcomm scenarios
Key Perspectives Ltd
Scholarly communication process
Key Perspectives Ltd
‘Houghton Model’
Available to download online Anyone can use their own data to populate it Models three alternative Open Access
communication scenarios (plus other scholarly communication-related issues)
Key Perspectives Ltd
Three scholarly communication scenarios
Self-archiving in repositories (‘Green’ Open Access)
In parallel with subscription journals Instead of subscription journals, via
repositories with overlay services Open Access journals (‘Gold’ Open Access
publishing)
Key Perspectives Ltd
Rationales and assumptions Obvious direct cost savings (subscriptions, ILL, PPV) Open Access makes it easier to find and retrieve the
material a researcher needs to: READ WRITE papers Carry out PEER REVIEW work
Open Access obviates the need to spend time seeking permissions or dealing with copyright and licensing issues
etcKey Perspectives Ltd
The national picture(Houghton et al, 2009)
Overall cost of scholarly communication in the UK is £5 billion per annum
Savings from moving from subscription journal publishing to Open Access journal publishing: £80m per annum
Savings from moving from subscription journal publishing to Open Access provided through university repositories: £115m per annum
Key Perspectives Ltd
Our study for JISC
Builds on the work of Bjork and Houghton: Analysis of activities in the scholarly communication
system Attached costs to each activity
Used the Houghton online model to calculate the value of the main cost elements
Modelled the economic outcomes for individual UK universities of a move to each new scholarly communication scenario
Key Perspectives Ltd
Case studies: four UK universities University A: small, post-1992 university with a
research income of c2 million GBP per annum University B: university with traditional strength in
applied research and a strong enterprise focus: research funding c10 million GBP per annum
University C: large, research-intensive university: research funding c75 million GBP per annum
University D: old, large, elite university: research income c200 million GBP per annum
Key Perspectives Ltd
Universities differ
Do things differently in libraries Buy journals in different ways Run more or less elaborate repositories Employ different numbers of people Pay people different salaries
Key Perspectives Ltd
Some scholcomm-related costs University A: value of peer
review work University B: library handling
cost savings from moving to all-electronic
University C: value of editorial board duties
University D: total value of scholarly communication system
Key Perspectives Ltd
£578,000 per annum
£87,000 per annum
£2 million per annum
£104 million per annum
Savings from OA via repositories
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
University AUniversity BUniversity CUniversity D
Key Perspectives Ltd
£ pe
r ann
um
Savings from OA via OA journals
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
University AUniversity BUniversity CUniversity D
£ pe
r ann
um
Key Perspectives Ltd
University UK: Annual savings from OA
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
OA journals
OA via repositories
Repositories with overlay publishing services
Key Perspectives Ltd
£ pe
r ann
um
University UK:Savings per annum: OA via repositories
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
OA repositories with parallel subscription-based journals
OA repositories with overlay pub-lishing services at 1127 GBP per ar-ticle
OA repositories with overlay pub-lishing services at 1000 GBP per ar-ticle
OA repositories with overlay pub-lishing services at 750 GBP per ar-ticle
OA repositories with overlay pub-lishing services at 500 GBP per ar-ticle
£1127
£1000
£750
£500
Key Perspectives Ltd
£ pe
r ann
um
University UK:Savings per annum: OA journals
-1,000,000
-500,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
OA journals (APC=2000 GBP)
OA journals (APC=1500 GBP)
OA journals (APC=1000 GBP)
OA journals (APC=750 GBP)
OA journals (APC=500 GBP)
£2000£1500
£1000
£750
£500
Key Perspectives Ltd
£ pe
r ann
um
Modelling workshops
Organised by the Centre for Research Communication, University of Nottingham:
Glasgow: 15 July London: 21 July Birmingham: 23 July Cardiff: 29 July Leeds: 30 July
Key Perspectives Ltd
Thank you for listening
www.keyperspectives.co.uk www.openscholarship.org
www.openoasis.org
Key Perspectives Ltd
Data required: research-related
Research income per annum (institution) Number of researchers Average researcher salary Publications per annum (institution) Time spent reading and writing articles Time spent serving as editors and on editorial
boards Time spent peer reviewing articles
Key Perspectives Ltd
Data required: library-related
Number of subscriptions: Print-only Electronic-only Dual mode
Cost of subscriptions Handling time for journals/books
Key Perspectives Ltd
Data required: Repository-related data
Operational cost of repository per annum Time taken to deposit Average salary of depositor Number of items produced by the institution per
annum
Key Perspectives Ltd
![Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. [Repositories] are vital to universities economies and to the UK economy as a whole. Professor J Drummond Bone.](https://static.fdocuments.in/doc/165x107/551604cf550346cf6f8b5d01/alma-swan-key-perspectives-ltd-truro-uk-repositories-are-vital-to-universities-economies-and-to-the-uk-economy-as-a-whole-professor-j-drummond-bone.jpg)
