Allied Victory Power Point for Class
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Transcript of Allied Victory Power Point for Class
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ALLIED VICTORY
How we won the war
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How the Allies won?
Spring Offensive
Germany: Homefront
Allied Counter Offensive
Last days of the war
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Micheal Plan
Two plans originally considered by theMichael plan was the accepted plan.
The plan was to attack British and French
forces in St Quentin and Arras Breakthrough would support French
retreat to Paris and British retreat toChannel Ports
Channel ports were of vital importance asthey were the landing ports for the USforces
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Michael Plan: Tactics
Bypass strong allied defence points
Train and deploy storm troopers
Use light trench motars, flamethrowers
and light machine guns in rapid attacks Rolling barrages, poison gas and night
concentration
3.75 Million troops in 191 combatdivisions
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Summary: Spring Offensive
5 attacks from March July 1918
Did succeed in breaking the stalemate
However, Ludendorf hesitated too long
over tactical strikes and lost much ofthe ground when reserve troops werewasted
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Haig and Petain
Allies were aware of the German plansbut HAIG and PERTAIN could not agreeon the response!
Petain wanted British troops to secureFrench lines
Haig wanted to keep British forces intact
British troops 1.2 million in 63 division French troops 2 million in 99 division
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Allied Counter Offensive
Despite Petain and Haig, General Fochwas determined to unite and lead theAllied forces
German forces were weary andoverstretched
8 August Allied Counter OffensiveLaunched
Gen. Monash in charge of the Australiantroops is credited (by Australianhistorians) with tactic of short sharp
attacks without preparatory artillery fire
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Allied Counter Offensive
Ludendorf describes 8 Aug as a black dayof the German army
2 Sept Allied forces break the German
lines. From this point onwards German forces
were in retreat
German solider moral was low winter/homefront
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Last Days of the War
British advances owed much to the RoyalAirforce
This allowed Allied forces to know
German troops and artillery positions 14 August German Generals
Hindenburgand Ludendorff declaredthat the German army could no longerbreak the Allied forces
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Last Days of the War
26Sept Foch orders an all out attack,including large numbers of US troops
29Sept Ludendorff urges Chancellor
Prince Max to sue for peace 11 Nov 1918 Armistice was reached and
the war was over
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Areas to be covered
Allied Victory
events leading to the Armistice, 1918
reasons for the Allied victory and German
collapse the roles and differing goals of
Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilson
in creating the Treaty of Versailles
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v ,1918
the roles and different ideas ofClemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilsonin creating the Treaty of Versailles
concepts imperialism militarism
nationalism and internationalism
peacemaking
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Clemenceau: French PrimeMinister
Considered to care for little else but.French interests
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Lloyd George: British PrimeMinister
Had a general election in Dec 1918 based uponthe notion that he was going to make Germany
.pay heavily
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Woodrow Wilson: USPresident
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German Representatives
German delegatesin Versailles:Professor Dr.WaltherSchcking,ReichspostministerJohannesGiesberts,
Justice MinisterDr. OttoLandsberg,Foreign Minister
Ulrich Graf vonBrockdorff-Rantzau, Prussian StatePresident RobertLeinert, andfinancial advisor
Dr. Carl Melchior.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walther_Sch%C3%BCcking&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walther_Sch%C3%BCcking&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Giesberts&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Giesberts&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Landsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Landsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Graf_von_Brockdorff-Rantzauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Graf_von_Brockdorff-Rantzauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Leinert&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Leinert&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Melchiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Melchiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Leinert&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Leinert&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Graf_von_Brockdorff-Rantzauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Graf_von_Brockdorff-Rantzauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Landsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Landsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Giesberts&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Giesberts&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walther_Sch%C3%BCcking&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walther_Sch%C3%BCcking&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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Wilsons Fourteen Points
Wilson believed that the US was going to warto bring about peace NOT for money orland
Wilson also wanted to bring about the end of
autocratic rule in EuropeThe 14 Points involved Openness not secrecy Freedom of the seas
Equality of trade Anti imperialism and consideration of
colonised peoples Establishing a general world assembly to
safeguard peace League of Nations
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Treaty of Versailles
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h d h
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What does each countryget? Germany significant loss of territory
Huge reparations payments to France andthe UK
Forced to admit guilt in starting the war
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Impact on Germany
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Historiography of the Treaty