AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 TODAY’s...

AKINS HIGH SCHOOLPre-AP World History

Room 167Tutorials T ~ F 820 ~ 850

TODAYrsquos OBJECTIVESbull Describe the Allied plan for victory amp show the Allied strategy on two frontsbull Explain how civilians on the Allied home fronts contributed to the war effortbull Summarize events that led to the surrender of Germanybull Explain the importance of the atom bomb in the Allied victory over Japan

AGENDA Please begin Warm-up and get focused for class immediately

bull WARM-UP Read ldquoThe Allies Plan for Victoryrdquo p 835 Examine Textbook map p 836bull LECTURE DISCUSSION of homework CH 32 Section 4

bull QUIZ over Sections 3 - 4

ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIMEbull Read CH 32 Section 5 Complete GRA in packet bullREMINDER CH 32 TEST is WEDNESDAY

Cover of Time magazine ndash May 7 1945 a day before official V-E day 58 years later Time would run a similar cover for another tyrant forcibly removed from power ndash Saddam Hussein

What is the advantage of a

map perspective of this nature

Erwin Rommel ldquoDesert Foxrdquo German General who led the North African campaign

Bernard Montgomery ndash British commander who launched Battle of El-Alamein in which Rommelrsquos army was defeated

1 Battle of El Alamein ndash Forced Rommelrsquos forces to retreat westward from Egypt Allies safeguard the Suez Canal

2 Operation Torch ndash Landing of American troops in North Africa finally ending Rommelrsquos NAfrica campaign

3 Battle of Stalingrad ndash Put German forces on the defensive with the Soviets pushing them westward

Locate Stalingrad (and Leningrad from our study last week) on the map of Europe See p 822 and 836

T Loessin Akins High School

4 Invasion of Italy ndash Resulted in Allied conquest of Sicily and forced the eventual surrender of Italy

httpwwwbiblu-szegedhubiblmilww2mapolasz_animhtml


Il Duce hellip

helliphis own Italian people now hang him

5 Propaganda on the home fronts ndash Rallied people on the Homefront to do their part to support the war effort

What was Operation CornflakeThese stamps were key part of a high level clandestine plan to undermine the morale of the average German citizen The Allies felt that if many German people started receiving Anti-Nazi propaganda in their morning mail delivered punctually at breakfast time by the mailman they would feel that their German Empire was falling apart from within

Women in the factories ldquoRosie the Riveterrdquo Victory Gardens Rationing

Hollywood ldquoBuy Bondsrdquo drive pro-war films Stars go overseas for troops Civil Defense precautions Censorship Mail read Japanese Internment camps

6 D-Day Invasion ndash ldquoOperation Overlordrdquo June 6 1944

Opened up the planned second front in Europe hellip

(something Stalin had been asking Churchill amp Roosevelt to do since 1941)

hellip and led to the liberation of France Belgium and much of the Netherlands from Nazi occupation

General Eisenhower rallies paratroopers prior to the Normandy invasion

Dwight D Eisenhower ndash American general who led the D-Day invasion

T Loessin Akins High School httpwwwbbccoukhistorywarwwtwolaunch_ani_campaign_mapsshtml

Between April 1 and June 5 A multitude of bombs approximately 195000 tons of explosives were dropped on Normandy and the surrounding German-controlled French territory May 1944 was the date originally set in Washington for a mainland invasion Unfortunately difficulties with landing crafts postponed the invasion yet again June 5 was the unalterable date set by Eisenhower

Pre-Invasion June 5 1944

Through the use of strategically bombing a position far from the actual invasion point and using airborne radar deception the allies were able to create the illusion of a lsquophantomrsquo army They used airborne radar to a greater effect by disguising the real invasion force en-route itrsquos way to the beaches of Normandy Aircraft released bombs near the Orne River and were targeting bridges effectively isolating the Normandy region from the rest of France The stage is set and the game is on

June 5 1944

The weather was extraordinarily bad and created adverse conditions for an amphibious landing

However on this morning Eisenhower was assured of a break in the bad weather He replied OK Well goldquo The Allied armada set off for the Beaches of Normandy

Later that night 882 airplanes holding paratroopers and towing gliders descended on Normandy


httpwwwbbccoukhistorywarwwtwolaunch_ani_campaign_mapsshtml

7 Battle of the Bulge ndash At first this German offensive forced Allies to retreat Allied resistance then stopped Germans and resulted in heavy losses for Hitler

Germans run out of gas and come to the end of the road


REFLECTION QUESTION

Are civilians ldquolegitimate targetsrdquo in war

The German city a major cultural and artistic European

center was devastated by heavy Allied

bombing

ldquoThe Dresden trip took 12 hours On the return I could still see the fires 500 miles away from Dresdenrdquo ~ RAF Pilot

The British-American Bombing of Dresden GermanyFebruary 13-14 1945 2600 tons of high explosive and incendiary bombs were dropped creating a huge firestorm that destroyed Dresden Because the citys population was swollen with refugees fleeing the Soviet advance from the east the death toll from fire and suffocation is unknown but probably lies between 40000 and 135000 The Dresden raid caused a public outcry Even Winston Churchill who had urged Bomber Command to attack east German cities tried to dissociate himself from it On 28 March 1945 he drafted a memo to the British Chiefs of Staff in which he denounced the bombing of cities as mere acts of terror

and wanton destruction

httpwwwrensecomgeneral19flamehtm

Franklin D RooseveltDies April 12 1945He was 63

Roosevelt will best be remembered for his development of bull the New Deal program for helping America out of the great depressionbull his determination to help Allied nations defeat Hitler in WWII bull and his ideas that inspired the foundation of the United Nations Organization


FDR at 60

With a torn picture of his Fuhrer beside his clenched fist a dead Nazi general lies on the floor of city hall in Leipzig Germany

He committed suicide rather than face US Army troops who captured the city on April 19 1945

NAZI Germany falls aparthellip

the Reich that was supposed to last a thousand yearshellip lasted only 12


Otto Guumlnsche 86 Who Helped to Burn Hitlers Body DiesBy THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Published Oct 14 2003 BERLIN Oct 13 (AP) mdash Otto Guumlnsche an aide to Hitler who took part in burning the Nazi dictators body to keep it from the advancing Soviets in the final days of World War II died on Oct 2 in Lohmar near Bonn He was 86The cause of death was heart failure said a son KaiAn SS major and a member of Hitlers inner circle Mr Guumlnsche spent the last hours with the Nazi leader in his Berlin bunker before Hitler and his companion Eva Braun committed suicide on April 30 1945

Otto Guumlnsche said in a recent interview with The Associated Press that Hitler personally ordered him to burn his body When the day came he and another aide poured gasoline on the bodies of Hitler and Braun which were then set on fireMr Guumlnsche was captured by Red Army troops at the end of the war and spent 12 years in Soviet captivity He lived quietly in West Germany after his release

He was born Sept 24 1917 He joined the Wehrmacht but transferred to the SS where he rose to the rank of major said Kurt Schrimm a prosecutor who is chief of Germanys central office for investigating former Nazis The agencys files show no investigation against Mr Guumlnsche for Nazi-era crimes Mr Schrimm saidMr Guumlnsche is survived by three children His body was cremated his son said

Russian museum displays fragment of Hitlers skull

By Anna Dolgov Associated Press

Russian officials claim this skull fragment with a bullet hole was Adolph HitlersAP

MOSCOW -- What officials claim is a fragment of Adolf Hitlers skull went on display Wednesday along with documents revealing what happened to the dictators remains after they were seized by Soviet troops in 1945 Hitler had reportedly committed suicide on April 30 as the Soviets were overtaking Berlin The four-inch fragment -- with a hole where a bullet reportedly exited through the left temple -- was displayed under thick glass at Russias Federal Archives Service The exhibition called The Agony of the Third Reich The Retribution was timed to mark the 55th anniversary next month of the defeat of Nazi Germany The piece of skull and the jaw are the only surviving remains of Hitlers body according to officials at the archive service and at Russiarsquos Federal Security Service or FSB the main successor of the old Soviet KGB


V ndash E day = May 8 1945ldquoVictory in Europerdquo

While Londoners wave Union Jacks out of work American bombers

return to their English base on May 8 1945



Celebrations inNew Yorkrsquos Times Square


War in the Pacific Continues

MacArthur keeps his promise and returns to the Philippines


8 Battle of Leyte Gulf ndash Wiped out the Japanese navy

This beautiful monument is dedicated to the memory of Vice Admiral Clifton A F Sprague and the 13 ships and 7300 men of Task Unit 7743 also known as Taffy 3 which were under his command during the furious and heroic naval action fought off the island of Samar on October 25 1944 during the Battle for Leyte Gulf


9 Battle of Okinawa ndash Resulted in heavy losses for Japanese and moved the Allies closer to an invasion of Japan itself

The famous Iwo Jima momenthellipUS marines planting the flag on the beachhellip

the actual photo below

the memorial in Arlington Cemetery Washington DC at right


Physicist J Robert Oppenheimer headed the new US laboratory built to design an atomic bomb Oppenheimer recommended a remote site in New Mexico for the new facility where project scientists many of them world-famous could work together in complete secrecy The Los Alamos Laboratory was opened in April 1943

10 Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ndash Forced Japan to surrender and the end of the war

(Be sure to read p 840 ndash several trivia bits on test)

August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______

ldquoI could see below the mushroom cloudhellipthe thing reminded me more of a boiling pot of tar than any other description I can give It was black and boiling underneath with a steam haze on top of ithellipWe had seen the city when we flew in and there was nothing to see when we came back It was covered by this boiling black-looking massrdquo

~ Col Paul W Tibbets Jr (pilot Enola Gay)

815 amHiroshima JapanAugust 6 1945

Within a few seconds the thousands of people in the streets and the gardens in the center of the town were scorched by a wave of searing heat Many were killed instantly others lay writhing on the ground screaming in agony from the intolerable pain of their burns Everything standing upright in the way of the blast walls houses factories and other buildings was annihilated ~ Japanese journalist August 6 1945

Atomic bomb survivor 1945This patients skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a

kimono worn at the time of the explosion US National Archives amp Records Administration Washington DC

Years after WWII President Harry S Truman was asked if he had difficulty making the decision to use this new weapon He responded without hesitation

ldquoHell no I made it just like thatrdquo

And he snapped his fingers


V-J Day September 2 1945(Victory over Japan)

The Japanese Surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur aboard the USS Missouri battleship docked in Tokyo Bayhellip

hellipoddly on the same day WWII had officially begun in Europe 6 years earlier when Hitler invaded Poland


V ndash J day = Sept 2 1945ldquoVictory in Japanrdquo











AKINS HIGH SCHOOLPre-AP World HistoryRoom 167Tutorials T ~ F 820 ~ 850

TODAYrsquos OBJECTIVESbull Describe the devastation of Europe following World War IIbull Identify some of the political consequences of the Allied victory in postwar Europebull Show how defeat affected political and civic life in Japanbull Give examples of ways in which Japan changed under United Statesrsquo occupation


bull WARM-UP Review ldquoVisual Summaryrdquo text p 846 How many of these events can you put in chronological order on the test

bull LECTURE DISCUSSION of homework CH 32 Section 5bull REVIEW for Test

ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIMEbull TEST over Chapter 32 There will be no Tutorials in am

The atomic bomb exploded on Hiroshima City dropped

500 feet from the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial

Promotion Hall Built in 1915 it was the only

building still standing on Aug 6 1945 Today the

structure is a memorial for the victims of the bomb

1 Note three ways WWII affected the land and people of Europe

Destroyed hundreds of major cities factories farmland and utilities

resulting in a ruined economy shortages famine disease unemployment and destroyed lives

Choked with debris a bombed water intake of the Pegnitz River no longer supplies war factories in Nuremberg the vital Reich industrial city and festival center of the Nazi party It was captured April 20 1945 by troops of the US Army

2 Note three political problems postwar governments now facedDisplaced persons discredited governments lack of political leadership

threat of Communist (USSR) takeovers


Wall line between West- and East-Berlin

Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided


3 Note one way the Allies dealt with the HolocaustPut the Nazis on trial for ldquocrimes against humanityrdquo ndash the first ever War Crimes Tribunal was held in Nuremberg Germanyhellip

hellipironically the place where Hitler first put his anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws into action back in 1933

The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials 23 Allied nations brought 22 Nazi officials to court

in 1945-46 The defendants are seen on the right side of the above photo

At left some of the defendants at Nuremberg Front row from left to right Hermann Goumlring Rudolf

Hess Joachim von Ribbentrop Wilhelm Keitel Back row from left to right Karl Doumlwnitz Erich Raeder Baldur von

Schirach Fritz Sauckel Alfred Jodl

Photo credit National Archives courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

4 Note two effects of Allied bombing raids on JapanDestroyed numerous cities shattered the economy

caused deaths of two million people

In the background are the remains of a Roman Catholic cathedral on a hill in Nagasaki Japan following the atomic blast of Aug 9

1945

MacArthur arranged for this one photo to be taken sending the Japanese people a clear message that their Emperor was in fact a small man and leaving no doubt about who was in charge Hirohito was spared execution for his war crimes because the Allies felt that as a purely symbolic Emperor he could be useful to them in carrying out their plans for post-war Japan Under MacArthurs tutelage Hirohito announced that he was not a god but merely a normal man MacArthur and the Americans prepared a new Constitution for Japan which is still in use today

US Occupation of Japan

A few days after the surrender of Japan to the Allies a dignified but defeated Hirohito paid a visit to General Douglas MacArthur Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces


6 Note three ways US occupation changed Japan

Democratization ndash a government elected by the people was created

[The former Empire was now a parliamentary democracy much like Britain]

Huge land estate owners were forced to sell lands to former tenant farmers

Demilitarization - standing army was disbanded preventing Japan from ever again making war

25 Surviving War Crimes defendants brought to trial Premier Tojo and six others sentenced to hanging

and independent labor unions were formed

[Contrary to common misconception the United States (still bitter about Pearl Harbor) offered very little money to help rebuild Japan Only 2 billion dollars directed toward emergency relief in Hiroshima and Nagasaki]


6 Note three provisions in Japanrsquos new constitution

A two-house Parliament (the Diet) elected by the people

Elections held for all persons over 20 including women

A Prime Minister elected by majority in the Diet

A Bill of Rights protecting basic freedoms

Article 9 ndash stipulates that Japan can never again make war only defend itself if attacked













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What is the advantage of a

map perspective of this nature











Il Duce hellip
















June 5 1944









REFLECTION QUESTION




bombing








FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































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Il Duce hellip
















June 5 1944









REFLECTION QUESTION




bombing








FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































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June 5 1944









REFLECTION QUESTION




bombing








FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































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REFLECTION QUESTION




bombing








FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































Slide 2

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bombing








FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































Slide 2

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FDR at 60



































August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































Slide 2

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August 6 1945

August 9 1945

_______

______













































Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































Slide 2

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Post ndash WWII

A Germany divided













1945
































Slide 2

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1945
































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AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 TODAY’s...

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Transcript of AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 TODAY’s...