All roads lead to the Elements. Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according...
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Transcript of All roads lead to the Elements. Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according...
All roads lead to the Elements
The Periodic Table Creator: Dmitri Mendeleev Early periodic table: Arranged according
to Avg. Atomic MassContained 63 elementsPredicted 3 yet-to-be elementsLeft spaces for undiscovered elements
Mendeleev’s 1st Sketch
1st Publication
What do you do to a wrinkled shirt?
Henry Moseley – 1913
Learned that each element has a specific number of protons
Developed modern periodic table
Based upon Protons
Periods: the horizontal rows on the periodic table (left to right)
Groups/Families: the vertical columns on the periodic table (up and down)
Electron Configuration Periods = Energy Level Sub Levels labeled (s, p, d, & f)
Puns
Mickey’s pal
Valence Electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the
outermost shell
Octet Rule: the stable arrangement for all elements is to have 8 valence electrons
Group 1: Alkali Metals Group 2: Alkaline-Earth Metals Group 3-12: Transition Metals Group 17: Halogens Group 18: Nobel Gases
Groups/Families Group 1: Alkali Metals
SoftShinyHas 1 Valence electronHighly reactive
Group 2: Alkaline-Earth MetalsReactive (not as reactive as Alkali Metals)2 valence electrons
Puns
Mr. Mony’s enemy
Group 3-12: Transition MetalsCan have more than 1 oxidation numberMetallicWide-range of uses
Iron, Cobalt, Copper, and Manganese use in your body
Copper for electrical wires Gold, Silver, Platinum in jewelry
Group 17: HalogensVery ReactiveHave 7 Valence electronsTend to find in compounds
Puns
Name of a goofy convict
Group 18: Noble Gases8 Valence electronsUnreactive
Puns
What a dog does with a bone?
Oxidation number: a number used to indicate how many electrons will be gained or lostAg (+1), Zn (+2), Cd (+2)
Ion: a charged atom
Puns
Police
Metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po (have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals)Metals: shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductorsNon-metals: primarily gases, poor conductors
Atomic Radii- distance from the nucleus to the outermost stable electron
Electronegativity- ability of an atom to attract electrons and form a chemical bond
Ionization Energy- the energy needed to remove an electron
Ionic Radii- distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron in an ion
Increases moving down the columns and increases right to left
Increases moving up the columns and increases left to right (Noble Gas family has 0 electronegativity)
Increases moving up the columns and increases left to right
Increases moving down a family (Noble Gas Trick)
Cont’d
Extinct
Practice Which group/family will not bond with
any other elements?
How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have?
Which element is the most electronegative?
To follow the octet rule how many valence electrons do all elements want?
How many valence electrons does Calcium have?
Family with 7 valence electrons and highly reactive?
What is the oxidation number for Oxygen?
Which element is more metallic Ag or Ge?
Puns
Imitation Diamond