Elements and the Elements and the Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Organizing the ElementsOrganizing the Elements

MENDELEEV’S ORDERMENDELEEV’S ORDERDmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev

Trying to organize the 63 known Trying to organize the 63 known elements so they were easier to elements so they were easier to understandunderstand

Organizing the ElementsOrganizing the Elements

MENDELEEV’S ORDERMENDELEEV’S ORDER: : Didn’t yet Didn’t yet know about protons, neutrons and know about protons, neutrons and electrons, ONLY MASS..electrons, ONLY MASS.. What What could he do?could he do?

Organizing the ElementsOrganizing the Elements

MENDELEEV’S ORDER:MENDELEEV’S ORDER: Increasing Increasing Atomic MassAtomic Mass

Elements with similar properties Elements with similar properties were put in the same columnwere put in the same column

Organizing the ElementsOrganizing the Elements

Named “Periodic Table” because Named “Periodic Table” because properties repeated ‘periodically’ properties repeated ‘periodically’ from row to row.from row to row.Like keys on a keyboard (octaves)Like keys on a keyboard (octaves)

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

The Periodic LawThe Periodic LawOnce protons were discovered, what Once protons were discovered, what

were elements organized by?were elements organized by?

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Increasing Atomic Number.Increasing Atomic Number.

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Properties were STILL grouped by Properties were STILL grouped by column.column.

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

So, Properties STILL repeated So, Properties STILL repeated periodically (within a row).periodically (within a row).

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Like Cards in a deck:Like Cards in a deck:

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

In the Modern table a PERIOD = a In the Modern table a PERIOD = a ROW.ROW.

How many PERIODS are there?How many PERIODS are there?77

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic TablePERIODS = ROWS PERIODS = ROWS

How many ELEMENTS are in PERIODS 1, 2, How many ELEMENTS are in PERIODS 1, 2, & 3?& 3?

What does this remind you of?What does this remind you of?

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Numbers of electrons in each ENERGY Numbers of electrons in each ENERGY LEVELLEVEL

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

In the Modern Periodic table a COLUMN = a In the Modern Periodic table a COLUMN = a GROUPGROUP

ELEMENTS within a GROUP have similar ELEMENTS within a GROUP have similar PROPERTIES.PROPERTIES.

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

COLUMNS = GROUPSCOLUMNS = GROUPSTherefore, properties repeat Therefore, properties repeat

PREDICTABLY and PERIODICALLY.PREDICTABLY and PERIODICALLY.

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

THIS IS CALLED THIS IS CALLED PERIODIC LAWPERIODIC LAW..

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

There are 4 important pieces of There are 4 important pieces of information for each elementinformation for each element

Atomic numberAtomic number

Element symbolElement symbol

Element nameElement name

Atomic massAtomic mass

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

CLASSES OF ELEMENTS:CLASSES OF ELEMENTS:

1.1. State: solid, liquid, gasState: solid, liquid, gas

2.2. Natural & manmade: (91 of the first Natural & manmade: (91 of the first 92 are natural)92 are natural)

3.3. METALS, NONMETALS & METALS, NONMETALS & METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

Properties????

What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?

Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups

“A” GROUPS

GROUPSGROUPS

Elements in groups have SIMILAR (not Elements in groups have SIMILAR (not identical) PROPERTIES because they have identical) PROPERTIES because they have the SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONSthe SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS

JournalJournal1.1. Color in the Blank Periodic Table Color in the Blank Periodic Table

according to the following KEY. according to the following KEY. Be sure to use a different color for each of the items Be sure to use a different color for each of the items

below.below. METALSMETALS NONMETALSNONMETALS METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS