Aligning policies for the transition to a low-carbon economy Giovanna Valverde Chief Negotiator UNFCCC Ministry of Foreign Affairs Costa Rica

Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) OECD, Paris. March 17th, 2015

1. Beyond more traditional, mitigation-focused climate policies (carbon pricing, energy efficiency, support to low-carbon technologies), what other policies have countries envisioned to facilitate the low-carbon transition, in areas such as investment, taxation, innovation and trade? 2. How are ministries other than those traditionally involved in leading or directing climate policy being engaged on climate action?

March 17th 2015 2

General information on Costa Rica • Costa Rica is a Democratic Republic located in Central America,

with a continental area of 51,100 square kilometers and 589,000 km2 of marine territory.

• The Costa Rican coast has a length of 1,376 kilometers (km), 1,164 km of which are located in the Pacific Coast, and 212 km border the Caribbean Sea.

• In 2012, the Costa Rican population amounted to 4.652.459 inhabitants with a population density of 91 inhab/km2 and yearly growth of 6%.

• Since 1870, primary education has been universal, free, and mandatory. The coverage of primary education is 100% and 75,1 % for secondary education.

• As of 2012, 66 % of the population was residing in urban areas and the remaining 44% in rural ones.

• Costa Rica’s represents 0.0001% of the globe but over 4% of the world’s biodiversity.

• Costa Rica abolished the army in 1948.

• In 2011, 90% of electricity came from clean energy sources (69% hydo, 15% geothermal and 6% wind), the remaining 10% is from fossil fuels for the hydro plants.

• In 2012, the forest area in our country represented 52,38% of the national territory, contemplating agroforestry and silvopastoril coverage but without taking into consideration mangroves and moors. It also takes into account forest plantations and areas in conservation through the Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) program of FONAFIFO (IMN).

COSTA RICA´S NATIONAL CO2 eq (Gg) EMISSIONS

2000 2005 2010

% gross

emissions

Energy 1,652.8 1,827.5 2,498.6 17.79%

Transportation 3,152.8 3,861.1 4,582.6 32.63%

Agriculture 4,608.6 4,603.9 2,972.1 21.16%

Forestry 1,810.3 12.89%

Agriculture (+ livestock) & forestry 4,782.4 34.05%

Livestock & forestry 3,324.7 23.67%

Crops & forestry 1,457.7 10.38%

Industrial processes 449.8 672.5 802.72 5.72%

Waste/residues 1,236.9 1,320.9 1,378.2 9.81%

Total Gross 11,100.9 12,285.9 14,044.5 100%

Carbon capture (3,160.5) (3,506.7) (5,255.2) -36%

Total Net 7,940.4 8,779.2 8,789.4

Source: V National Inventory and III National Communication, National Metereological Institute, 2014.

Prepared by G. Valverde.

Relevant Policies, Plans, Strategies and Programs Framework

National Energetic Plan – in process. Energy & fuels.

Climate Actions: Adaptation & Mitigation

Carbon Markets:

Domestic UCCs with CN

Carbon Board

Independent Certification ECA:

30 private & public entities

Adaptation actions:

Expansion of PSA (FONAFIFO)

Institutional Env. Mgmt. Plan (PGIA)

National Adaptation Fund & Plan

Mitigation actions:

REDD+

NAMA Coffee, Livestock & Biomass

NAMA Housing

NAMA Transportation

Partners:

World Bank (PMR), Interamerican Development Bank (FOMIN), NAMA

Facility, GIZ, UNDP, KfW, GEF.

Road Map 2015-20130

Costa Rica leads the way towards sustainable livestock management ACTIONS,NAMAS SEEKING SUPPORT MARCH 12, 2015 1:38 PM

In Costa Rica, where the government has set an ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2021, livestock accounts for 30% of national emissions. Nationally, more than 45,000 livestock farms employ at least 12% of the Costa Rican workforce and occupy over 35.5% of the territory. In order to lower those emissions, improve the livelihoods of the farmers, and generate eco-competitive livestock production, several national, public, private, and academic institutions worked together to develop the Costa Rica Livestock NAMA Concept. Meat, dairy, and dual-purpose cattle make up the majority of the livestock production systems in Costa Rica, which are dependent on grazing. With that in mind, the livestock NAMA concept introduces new pasture management techniques for climate smart, profitable, productive, and socially sustainable livestock. The techniques listed below involve planting trees and hedges for fences that capture CO2, introducing more nutritious, easily digestible fodder species, implementing new fertilization strategies, and much more.

July 22, 2012 Footer text here 9

ROADMAP 2015-2025/2030

2015 – define INDCs

Continue NAMA Livestock, Coffe & Biomass

Elaborate NAP & continue with Adaptation Fund projects

Initiate Low Emission Strategy for energy & transportation

2018

Evaluate NAMAs & NAP

Implement sewer, landfill and transportation NAMAs

2021 - Carbon Neutrality

Evalutate existing NAMAS and continue with solid residues and transportation emissions reduction.

Depending on Paris Protocol comply with review assessments between 2021 and 2025/2030.

Thank you

Giovanna Valverde Chief Negotiator UNFCCC Ministry of Foreign Affairs Costa Rica gvalverde@rree.go.cr

THANK YOU