Akuntansi Manajemen Edisi 8 oleh Hansen & Mowen Bab 2
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1 PowerPoint PowerPoint Presentation by Presentation by Gail B. Wright Gail B. Wright Professor Emeritus of Professor Emeritus of Accounting Accounting Bryant University Bryant University © Copyright 2007 Thomson South-Western, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star Logo, and South-Western are trademarks used herein under license. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING 8 TH EDITION BY HANSEN & MOWEN 2 BASIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS STUDENT EDITION
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Materi Bab 2 Basic Management Accounting Concepts, Akuntansi Manajemen buku Hansen & Mowen Edisi 8. Presentasi powerpoint oleh Gail B. Wright , Professor Emeritus of Accounting , Bryant University
Transcript of Akuntansi Manajemen Edisi 8 oleh Hansen & Mowen Bab 2
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PowerPointPowerPoint Presentation by Presentation by
Gail B. WrightGail B. WrightProfessor Emeritus of AccountingProfessor Emeritus of AccountingBryant UniversityBryant University
© Copyright 2007 Thomson South-Western, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star Logo, and
South-Western are trademarks used herein under license.
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
8TH EDITION
BY
HANSEN & MOWEN
2 BASIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS
STUDENT EDITION
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1. Describe the cost assignment process.
2. Define tangible, intangible products, & explain why there are different product cost definitions.
3. Prepare income statements for manufacturing & service organizations.
4. Outline differences between functional-based and activity-based management accounting systems.
LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES
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COST: DefinitionCOST: Definition
“Cost is the cash or cash-equivalent value sacrificed for
goods and services that is expected to bring a current or
future benefit to the organization.”1
1Hansen & Mowen, 2007, p. 35.
LO 1
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OPPORTUNITY COST: DefinitionOPPORTUNITY COST: Definition
“Opportunity cost is the benefit given up or sacrificed when one
alternative is chosen over another.”2
2Hansen & Mowen, 2007, p. 35.
LO 1
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COST OBJECT: DefinitionCOST OBJECT: Definition
“A cost object is any item such as product, customer, project,
activity & so on, to which costs are measured and assigned.”3
3Hansen & Mowen, 2007, p. 35.
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Is there such a thing as TRUE COST?
NO. “It is better to be approximately correct than
precisely inaccurate.”
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COST ASSIGNMENT
Cause & effect relationship when assigning costs to cost objectsDirect costs are easily traceableIndirect costs not so easily traceable
Cause & effect relationship when assigning costs to cost objectsDirect costs are easily traceableIndirect costs not so easily traceable
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Can you name 3 ways of assigning product costs?
1. Direct tracing
2. Driver tracing
3. Indirect costs
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Tangible products are goods produced by converting raw
materials.
Example: televisions, hamburgers
Services are intangible products. Example: dental or
medical care.
LO 2
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DIFFERENCES
Services differ from products on 4 dimensionsIntangibilityPerishabilityInseparabilityHeterogeneity
Services differ from products on 4 dimensionsIntangibilityPerishabilityInseparabilityHeterogeneity
LO 2
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COST ANALYSIS & INTERNAL VALUE CHAIN
Different costs for different purposesStrategic profitability analysis
Uses all costs & revenues associated with product
Short run (tactical) profitability analysisUses production, marketing, distributing & servicing,
especially for special orders
External financial reportingUses only production costs
LO 2
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INTERNAL VALUE CHAIN
EXHIBITEXHIBIT 2-32-3
LO 2
STRATEGIC PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
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INTERNAL VALUE CHAIN
EXHIBITEXHIBIT 2-32-3
LO 2
TACTICAL PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
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INTERNAL VALUE CHAIN
EXHIBITEXHIBIT 2-32-3
LO 2
EXTERNAL FINANCIAL REPORTING
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PRODUCT COSTS
Production costs includeDirect materials
Traceable to goods, services produced
Direct laborTraceable to goods, services produced
OverheadAll other production costs
Production costs includeDirect materials
Traceable to goods, services produced
Direct laborTraceable to goods, services produced
OverheadAll other production costs
LO 2
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What is “cost of goods manufactured?”
“Cost of goods manufactured” is the total of production costs
(direct materials & labor & overhead) for the period.
LO 3
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INCOME STATEMENT:Manufacturing Firm
EXHIBITEXHIBIT 2-52-5
LO 3
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How does the income statement for a service
company differ from that of a manufacturing company?
A service company doesn’t have the manufacturing costs associated with producing a
product.
LO 3
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Can you name 2 ways to design a management accounting system?
Functional based accounting (FBM) & activity based
accounting (ABM) are 2 ways to design a management accounting
system.
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How does an FBM system differ from an ABM system?
FBM & ABM systems differ in the ways they assign costs and how they assign responsibility
for efficient operations.
LO 4
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MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS (FBM)
Functional-based management system (FBM)Cost view
Only uses drivers related to the production function to assign costs
Direct materials, direct labor, machine hours
Operational efficiency viewHolds managers of each function (e.g., engineering)
responsible for controlling costs to derive operating efficiency
LO 4
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Activity-based management system (ABM)Cost view
Driver analysis, activity analysis, performance evaluation
A tracing-intensive system
Operational efficiency viewFocuses on managing activities and improving values
for operational efficiency
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS (ABM)
LO 4
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EXHIBITEXHIBIT 2-102-10
LO 4
COMPARING FBM & ABM
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THE ENDTHE END
CHAPTER 2
