A.K. Morris, Ph.D. - fullcoll.edu

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Lecture #2 Week #1 A.K. Morris, Ph.D. FOR: Wed, Aug 18, 2010 http://www.tarot.com/astrology/daily/ Find your horoscope – which is yours? It's great to think that you can power your way through your chores today and have enough time left over to unwind. Unfortunately, you could underestimate how long it will take to accomplish your work. Make certain that you allow extra time, for if you leave a task unfinished, you may not be able to relax, knowing there is still more to do. Keeping your optimism to yourself doesn't usually make sense, and yet it may be socially savvy for you to do that now. You might think that your overconfidence could offend someone and you want to avoid that today as you rally support for an idea of yours. Thankfully, your diplomacy skills are currently polished enough to take you far if you can trust your instincts and do whatever you believe is best. You may be all fired up to have fun today, even if you haven't met your obligations. But unfulfilled responsibilities need not prevent you from having a good time. You might be so excited that you're prepared to do whatever is necessary to enjoy yourself. If you must leave some chores unfinished, at least let others know that you are cutting out early. The Moon in your 11th House of Groups prods you to surround yourself with friends and associates. It can, at best, create just the kind of congenial atmosphere you crave. Your dreams are vivid now and it's exciting to share them with likeminded individuals. A party would be a perfect place to find the camaraderie you want, but a smaller and more intimate gathering could work just as well. If you have been working too hard, now it's time to start claiming your slice of the fun. But the Moon is in your 4th House of Home and Family, suggesting it might be nice to have a short "staycation" instead of going out of town. You may even end up getting your kicks today by undertaking a simple domestic project or, perhaps, by inviting a friend over to share some quality conversation. Defending your political or social beliefs can be quite empowering today, whether it's at work, home or in your community. Your unique perspective can be inspiring to others now, so there's no need to hold back when sharing your ideas about the future. But remember, taking care of business in the present moment is more important than daydreaming about unrealistic possibilities. Seize the day by being the creative leader that others want to follow. You have a difficult time controlling your restlessness today as the outgoing Sagittarius Moon visits your 3rd House of Short Trips. You might even make an extra run to the store or head out to the mall just to get out of the house. Don't be too selfcritical now if you haven't made much progress by the end of the day. If you can't concentrate, it's probably smart to just call it quits and start again tomorrow. You may be feeling upbeat today, but your newly discovered optimism could make you a little too much to handle. Others may tire of hearing your stories about how great your life is going. Temper your excitement with a strong dose of compassion for everyone else. Toning down your enthusiasm just a notch creates an environment for more balanced relationships. You could be riding high today and feeling good enough to spend a bit of money on something special. You may have grown more optimistic about your income potential, enabling you to justify a luxury purchase. Nevertheless, it's smarter to wait and see how you're feeling in a few days before making a large expenditure that you might regret. You are not shy about wanting to deepen the level of emotional disclosure with a very close friend or intimate partner today. Although your straightforward approach may startle others, they might be more open to your ideas once they adjust to your style of direct communication. Being aware of someone else's boundaries doesn't come easily, but helps to build trust in the relationship. The Moon is in your sign all day today, putting you in touch with your own vulnerability. Nevertheless, you're still more than likely to take a risk and share your feelings with someone special. But just telling others about your needs or fears is only part of the equation. Keep in mind that real intimacy is not onesided, so make sure to leave room for the other person to share their heart, too. Today's Moon in your 7th House of Relationships can shift the energy away from your needs and toward those around you, making you more attentive to what others are thinking. You may not be so quick to go off on your own now, for the idea of working with a buddy sounds quite appealing. Keep in mind that your discrimination skills may be lagging, so exercise extra caution when choosing your partner. Principles of Science Search for Evidence Fullerton College Earth Sciences ESC130F Lecture #2 A.K. Morris, Ph.D. 2 Science means “to know” characterized by process not topics Scientific Questions: are there more tuna when waters are warmer or colder? does > atm CO 2 change heat retention on Earth? how do pesticides impact coastal ecosystems? but scientific questions must be testable and falsifiable Science can not address: which ice cream is better, vanilla or chocolate? what is the spiritual meaning of life? will there be peace in the world? 3 Best tool for answering complex questions The “Tu Meandering Dots” 4 Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution by Natural Selection Electricity Electricity Electricity Spread of disease by germs Spread of disease by germs Spread of disease by germs Theory of Relativity Theory of Relativity Theory of Relativity Genetics Genetics Genetics Splitting of the atom Splitting of the atom Splitting of the atom Black Holes Black Holes Black Holes Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Quantum Theory Quantum Theory Quantum Theory 5 Survival value of pattern recognition What do you see? Why is it essential to do this? Masai Mara Predator in Tall grass © John MacDonald, Flickr stream 6

Transcript of A.K. Morris, Ph.D. - fullcoll.edu

Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

FOR: Wed, Aug 18, 2010 http://www.tarot.com/astrology/daily/Find your horoscope – which is yours?

1

It's great to think that you can power your way through your chores today and have enough time left over to unwind. Unfortunately, you could underestimate how long it will take to accomplish your work. Make certain that you allow extra time, for if you leave a task unfinished, you may not be able to relax, knowing there is still more to do.

Keeping your optimism to yourself doesn't usually make sense, and yet it may be socially savvy for you to do that now. You might think that your overconfidence could offend someone and you want to avoid that today as you rally support for an idea of yours. Thankfully, your diplomacy skills are currently polished enough to take you far if you can trust your instincts and do whatever youbelieve is best.

You may be all fired up to have fun today, even if you haven't met your obligations. But unfulfilled responsibilities need not prevent you from having a good time. You might be so excited that you're prepared to do whatever is necessary to enjoy yourself. If you must leave some chores unfinished, at least let others know that you are cutting out early.

The Moon in your 11th House of Groups prods you to surround yourself with friends and associates. It can, at best, create just the kind of congenial atmosphere you crave. Your dreams are vivid now and it's exciting to share them with like‐minded individuals. A party would be a perfect place to find the camaraderie you want,but a smaller and more intimate gathering could work just as well.

If you have been working too hard, now it's time to start claiming your slice of the fun. But the Moon is in your 4th House of Home and Family, suggesting it might be nice to have a short "stay‐cation" instead of going out of town. You may even end up getting your kicks today by undertaking a simple domestic project or, perhaps, by inviting a friend over to share some quality conversation.

Defending your political or social beliefs can be quite empowering today, whether it's at work, home or in your community. Your unique perspective can be inspiring to others now, so there's noneed to hold back when sharing your ideas about the future. But remember, taking care of business in the present moment is more important than daydreaming about unrealistic possibilities. Seize the day by being the creative leader that others want to follow.

You have a difficult time controlling your restlessness today as the outgoing Sagittarius Moon visits your 3rd House of Short Trips. You might even make an extra run to the store or head out to the mall just to get out of the house. Don't be too self‐critical now if you haven't made much progress by the end of the day. If you can't concentrate, it's probably smart to just call it quits and start again tomorrow.

You may be feeling upbeat today, but your newly discovered optimism could make you a little too much to handle. Others may tire of hearing your stories about how great your life is going.Temper your excitement with a strong dose of compassion for everyone else. Toning down your enthusiasm just a notch creates an environment for more balanced relationships.

You could be riding high today and feeling good enough to spend a bit of money on something special. You may have grown more optimistic about your income potential, enabling you to justify a luxury purchase. Nevertheless, it's smarter to wait and see how you're feeling in a few days before making a large expenditure that youmight regret.

You are not shy about wanting to deepen the level of emotional disclosure with a very close friend or intimate partner today. Although your straightforward approach may startle others, they might be more open to your ideas once they adjust to your style of direct communication. Being aware of someone else's boundaries doesn't come easily, but helps to build trust in the relationship.

The Moon is in your sign all day today, putting you in touch with your own vulnerability. Nevertheless, you're still more than likely to take a risk and share your feelings with someone special. But just telling others about your needs or fears is only part of the equation. Keep in mind that real intimacy is not one‐sided, so make sure to leave room for the other person to share their heart, too.

Today's Moon in your 7th House of Relationships can shift the energy away from your needs and toward those around you, making you more attentive to what others are thinking. You may not be so quick to go off on your own now, for the idea of working with a buddy sounds quite appealing. Keep in mind that your discrimination skills may be lagging, so exercise extra caution when choosing your partner.

Principles of ScienceSearch for Evidence

Fullerton CollegeEarth Sciences ESC130F Lecture #2A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

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Science means “to know”characterized by process not topics

Scientific Questions:• are there more tuna when waters are warmer or colder?• does > atm CO2 change heat retention on Earth? • how do pesticides impact coastal ecosystems?

but scientific questions must be testable and falsifiableScience can not address:• which ice cream is better, vanilla or chocolate?• what is the spiritual meaning of life?• will there be peace in the world?

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Best tool for answering complex questions

The “Tu Meandering Dots”

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Evolution by Natural SelectionEvolution by Natural SelectionEvolution by Natural SelectionElectricityElectricityElectricity

Spread of disease by germsSpread of disease by germsSpread of disease by germsTheory of RelativityTheory of RelativityTheory of Relativity

GeneticsGeneticsGenetics

Splitting of the atomSplitting of the atomSplitting of the atom

Black HolesBlack HolesBlack Holes

Plate TectonicsPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

Quantum TheoryQuantum TheoryQuantum Theory5

Survival value of pattern recognitionWhat do you see?Why is it essential to do this?

Masai Mara Predator in Tall grass© John MacDonald, Flickr stream 6

Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Virgin Mary Grilled Cheese Face on Mars© pickup_stix on Flickr

Happy face on Mars

© P. Lutus 2004© Leen van der Slik, Earth Scenes

NASA Viking I, 1976

7 NASA Mars Global Surveyor, high-res Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), 2001

NASA Viking I, 1976

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How is science done?

Careful observation and measurement!  Then interpreted and results are shared.

Conclusions are drawn AFTER data collection and interpretation, NOT BEFORE.

How accurate must results be to be “scientifically valid”?  How much error is acceptable in science?

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It's great to think that you can power your way through your chores today and have enough time left over to unwind. Unfortunately, you could underestimate how long it will take to accomplish your work. Make certain that you allow extra time, for if you leave a task unfinished, you may not be able to relax, knowing there is still more to do.

Keeping your optimism to yourself doesn't usually make sense, and yet it may be socially savvy for you to do that now. You might think that your overconfidence could offend someone and you want to avoid that today as you rally support for an idea of yours. Thankfully, your diplomacy skills are currently polished enough to take you far if you can trust your instincts and do whatever youbelieve is best.

You may be all fired up to have fun today, even if you haven't met your obligations. But unfulfilled responsibilities need not prevent you from having a good time. You might be so excited that you're prepared to do whatever is necessary to enjoy yourself. If you must leave some chores unfinished, at least let others know that you are cutting out early.

The Moon in your 11th House of Groups prods you to surround yourself with friends and associates. It can, at best, create just the kind of congenial atmosphere you crave. Your dreams are vivid now and it's exciting to share them with like‐minded individuals. A party would be a perfect place to find the camaraderie you want,but a smaller and more intimate gathering could work just as well.

If you have been working too hard, now it's time to start claiming your slice of the fun. But the Moon is in your 4th House of Home and Family, suggesting it might be nice to have a short "stay‐cation" instead of going out of town. You may even end up getting your kicks today by undertaking a simple domestic project or, perhaps, by inviting a friend over to share some quality conversation.

Defending your political or social beliefs can be quite empowering today, whether it's at work, home or in your community. Your unique perspective can be inspiring to others now, so there's noneed to hold back when sharing your ideas about the future. But remember, taking care of business in the present moment is more important than daydreaming about unrealistic possibilities. Seize the day by being the creative leader that others want to follow.

You have a difficult time controlling your restlessness today as the outgoing Sagittarius Moon visits your 3rd House of Short Trips. You might even make an extra run to the store or head out to the mall just to get out of the house. Don't be too self‐critical now if you haven't made much progress by the end of the day. If you can't concentrate, it's probably smart to just call it quits and start again tomorrow.

You may be feeling upbeat today, but your newly discovered optimism could make you a little too much to handle. Others may tire of hearing your stories about how great your life is going.Temper your excitement with a strong dose of compassion for everyone else. Toning down your enthusiasm just a notch creates an environment for more balanced relationships.

You could be riding high today and feeling good enough to spend a bit of money on something special. You may have grown more optimistic about your income potential, enabling you to justify a luxury purchase. Nevertheless, it's smarter to wait and see how you're feeling in a few days before making a large expenditure that youmight regret.

You are not shy about wanting to deepen the level of emotional disclosure with a very close friend or intimate partner today. Although your straightforward approach may startle others, they might be more open to your ideas once they adjust to your style of direct communication. Being aware of someone else's boundaries doesn't come easily, but helps to build trust in the relationship.

The Moon is in your sign all day today, putting you in touch with your own vulnerability. Nevertheless, you're still more than likely to take a risk and share your feelings with someone special. But just telling others about your needs or fears is only part of the equation. Keep in mind that real intimacy is not one‐sided, so make sure to leave room for the other person to share their heart, too.

Today's Moon in your 7th House of Relationships can shift the energy away from your needs and toward those around you, making you more attentive to what others are thinking. You may not be so quick to go off on your own now, for the idea of working with a buddy sounds quite appealing. Keep in mind that your discrimination skills may be lagging, so exercise extra caution when choosing your partner.

FOR: Wed, Aug 18, 2010 http://www.tarot.com/astrology/daily/Find your horoscope – which is yours?Cancer6/21–7/22

It's great to think that you can power your way through your chores today and have enough time left over to unwind. Unfortunately, you could underestimate how long it will take to accomplish your work. Make certain that you allow extra time, for if you leave a task unfinished, you may not be able to relax, knowing there is still more to do.

Capricorn12/22–1/19

Keeping your optimism to yourself doesn't usually make sense, and yet it may be socially savvy for you to do that now. You might think that your overconfidence could offend someone and you want to avoid that today as you rally support for an idea of yours. Thankfully, your diplomacy skills are currently polished enough to take you far if you can trust your instincts and do whatever youbelieve is best.

Leo7/23–8/22

You may be all fired up to have fun today, even if you haven't met your obligations. But unfulfilled responsibilities need not prevent you from having a good time. You might be so excited that you're prepared to do whatever is necessary to enjoy yourself. If you must leave some chores unfinished, at least let others know that you are cutting out early.

Aquarius1/20–2/18

The Moon in your 11th House of Groups prods you to surround yourself with friends and associates. It can, at best, create just the kind of congenial atmosphere you crave. Your dreams are vivid now and it's exciting to share them with like‐minded individuals. A party would be a perfect place to find the camaraderie you want,but a smaller and more intimate gathering could work just as well.

Virgo8/23–9/22

If you have been working too hard, now it's time to start claiming your slice of the fun. But the Moon is in your 4th House of Home and Family, suggesting it might be nice to have a short "stay‐cation" instead of going out of town. You may even end up getting your kicks today by undertaking a simple domestic project or, perhaps, by inviting a friend over to share some quality conversation.

Pisces2/19–3/20

Defending your political or social beliefs can be quite empowering today, whether it's at work, home or in your community. Your unique perspective can be inspiring to others now, so there's noneed to hold back when sharing your ideas about the future. But remember, taking care of business in the present moment is more important than daydreaming about unrealistic possibilities. Seize the day by being the creative leader that others want to follow.

Libra9/23–10/22

You have a difficult time controlling your restlessness today as the outgoing Sagittarius Moon visits your 3rd House of Short Trips. You might even make an extra run to the store or head out to the mall just to get out of the house. Don't be too self‐critical now if you haven't made much progress by the end of the day. If you can't concentrate, it's probably smart to just call it quits and start again tomorrow.

Aries3/21–4/19

You may be feeling upbeat today, but your newly discovered optimism could make you a little too much to handle. Others may tire of hearing your stories about how great your life is going.Temper your excitement with a strong dose of compassion for everyone else. Toning down your enthusiasm just a notch creates an environment for more balanced relationships.

Scorpio10/23–11/21

You could be riding high today and feeling good enough to spend a bit of money on something special. You may have grown more optimistic about your income potential, enabling you to justify a luxury purchase. Nevertheless, it's smarter to wait and see how you're feeling in a few days before making a large expenditure that youmight regret.

Taurus4/20–5/20

You are not shy about wanting to deepen the level of emotional disclosure with a very close friend or intimate partner today. Although your straightforward approach may startle others, they might be more open to your ideas once they adjust to your style of direct communication. Being aware of someone else's boundaries doesn't come easily, but helps to build trust in the relationship.

Sagittarius11/22–12/21

The Moon is in your sign all day today, putting you in touch with your own vulnerability. Nevertheless, you're still more than likely to take a risk and share your feelings with someone special. But just telling others about your needs or fears is only part of the equation. Keep in mind that real intimacy is not one‐sided, so make sure to leave room for the other person to share their heart, too.

Gemini5/21–6/20

Today's Moon in your 7th House of Relationships can shift the energy away from your needs and toward those around you, making you more attentive to what others are thinking. You may not be so quick to go off on your own now, for the idea of working with a buddy sounds quite appealing. Keep in mind that your discrimination skills may be lagging, so exercise extra caution when choosing your partner.

Let’s compare scientific vs. non‐scientific information

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

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But wait a minute!!!

People are generally smart, right???

Nobody would “believe” crazy untested ideas, right???

…right?

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By ROD NORDLANDNovember 3, 2009 

BAGHDAD —Despite major bombings that have rattled the nation, and fears of rising violence as American troops withdraw, Iraq’s security forces have been relying on a device to detect bombs and weapons that the United States military and technical experts say is useless.

The sensor device, known as the ADE 651, from $16,500 to $60,000 each. Iraq has bought more than 1,500 of the devices. 

The small hand‐held wand, with a telescopic antenna on a swivel, is being used at hundreds of checkpoints in Iraq. But the device works “on the same principle as a Ouija board”—the power of suggestion — said a retired United States Air Force officer, Lt. Col. Hal Bidlack, who described the wand as nothing more than an explosives divining rod.

Still, the Iraqi government has purchased more than 1,500 of thedevices, known as the ADE 651, at costs from $16,500 to $60,000 each. Nearly every police checkpoint, and many Iraqi military checkpoints, have one of the devices, which are now normally used in place of physical inspections of vehicles.

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Johan Spanner, The New York Times

Johan Spanner, The New York Times

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/world/middleeast/04sensors.html

Video link…

Process of Obtaining Knowledge

Don’t be this person…

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Science follows very strict rules:Strict view of reality:Structured process of gaining information:

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The real world consists of matter andenergy, things are observable and explainable

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The real world exists beyond the obvious, it is spiritual, unknowable. Hope, imagination, emotion, belief, faith, supernatural phenomena affect reality

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Society Islands, South Pacific

Hawaii

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SunriseSunrise……Explain this!Explain this!

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

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The Great Flood?

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From a more recent example…

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Banda Aceh, Indonesia 6/23/04 

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What happened?!?!

How would you explain this scientifically?

How would someone with no scientific context explain it?

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How about this one?Haiti, January 20, 2010 EPA / RED CROSS INTERNATIONAL

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5nraknWoes30

Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Quote to Wittgenstein:“Medieval Europeans must’ve been stupid to think the Sun revolved around the Earth!”

Wittgenstein’s Reply:“I wonder what the sky would look like if it had”

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The Process of Science 

1. How does science answer questions? 2. What are the features of the scientific 

method? 3. How is this different than alternative ways 

of thought? 4. What’s a theory?

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1.  How does science answer questions? 

Build upon things that are known

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Observationsleads to questions…

Hypothesis• tentative explanation• generate predictions • testable & falsifiable

Experiment & Results• evaluate hypothesis

Conclusion?Support or refute

hypothesis?

Observation:

Hypothesis:

Experiment:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Observation:

Hypothesis:

Experiment:

Results:

Conclusion:

drunk people tend to stumble

alcohol consumption reduces coordination

test coordination before and after drinking

scores significantly lower after drinking

hypothesis supported (not proven)Any potential problems with this study?

Observation:

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Question?

NARROWLY FOCUSED and ANSWERABLE Do donkeys & zebras share a similar ancestry (related)?Are they similar genetically?

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Vs. Unanswerable & No focus

What is the meaning of a donkey’s life?Why are zebras so beautiful? 

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Hypothesis:

An educated guess using knowledge from what is previously known

Previous scientificStudies

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Hypothesis continued…

Only of value if TESTABLE Does it have an answer you can find?

In science all hypotheses must be DISPROVABLE / Falsifiable

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Carl Sagan’sRed Dragon

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Hypotheses continued…

Narrowly focused…Ex.  If horses & zebras share an ancestor, they will be genetically similar

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that will be disproven “Horses & zebras are not genetically similar to each”

Alternative hypothesis:  Your best guess/ explanation to the question“Horses & zebras are genetically similar”

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Experimentation:

Hypotheses are tested w/ carefully designed experiments

E.g. let’s compare DNA of Zebras and Donkeys

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Conclusions:

What do your results show?Do you believe they are correct?

Do you accept they are probably correct?

X X XX X X

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Zonkeys!

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Accept or reject the null hypothesis?

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Rejecting the null hypothesis

To reject Ho we use statisticsRejected at 95% certainty(95% probability of being correct)

Thus, we disprove the null hypothesisWe never PROVE anything

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

It’s the difference between saying, “I’m right.” vs. “I’m not wrong yet.”

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Now what?

We reject our null hypothesis and have shown horses & zebras are genetically similarWe’re done, right?Not yet.

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What is peer review?It is scary…It separates the contenders from the pretenders….It is the final step…

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Peer Review

Paper to editor3‐4 very critical people……w/ PhD’s

It is their job to make sure you did things right  If they find it acceptable, then& only then can be published.

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Now do you understand why we trust science?

Scientific method is best way to insure results and conclusions are:ReliableRepeatableWithout bias

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Carl Sagan

“What better way to convince ourselves of its validity than to make a concerted effort to find its limitations and failings”

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Lecture #2 Week #1

A.K. Morris, Ph.D.

Your data stinks!

Challenging me will only make my data stronger!

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What are scientific theories?

A theory is a generalization drawn from results of MANY hypotheses.They are VERY WELL TESTEDHigh degree of confidence in theoriesHold predictive or explanatory powerExamples:  Germ Theory

Theory of GravityTheory of Evolution

Are theories ever “safe” from being tested?NO!!!  Nothing in science is sacred! 56

Speed Racer video clip – why is this unscientific?(not just because it’s a 70’s cartoon!)

Theories are NOT just speculation in scienceWell founded (supported over and over again)

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

…which we will discuss a great deal in this class…

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Independent confirmation of facts.Encourage debate by proponents of all points of view.No arguments from authority.Spin more than one hypothesis.Don’t love your hypothesis too much.Quantify, wherever possible.All links in an argument chain must work."Occam's razor" ‐ Two hypothesis? Go with the simpler.Ask: Can the hypothesis be falsified. Is it testable? Duplicatable?

a.k.a.  Dr. Morris’ “BS‐o‐meter”

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