LD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SUBJECT :- Harbour & Airport EngineeringTOPIC :- Airport Elements

Prepared By :- Makwana Tulsi

AIRPORT ELEMENTS

Runway, Stopway and Clearway. Approach zone and its obstructions. Land use around airport. Land use around heliports. Taxiways. Aprons. Terminal area. Hangar.

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RUNWAY, STOPWAY AND CLEARWAY

1) Runway: A cement concrete landing strip prepared for landing and take off

operations of the aircrafts is known as a runway. Should comply the following conditions:

Avoid delay. Grant the shortest taxi distance. Make provisions for adequate taxiways.

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Continued…

2) Stopway: A paved area provided at the end of a runway, whose width is equal to the

width of runway and is centrally located along the extended centreline of the runway is known as stopway.

Designed for the use of deaccelerating the aircraft during an aborted take off.

Thickness less than that of the runway.

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Continued…

3) Clearway: An area beyond the end of runway, centrally located along the extended

centreline of the runway and not less than 150m in width is known as clearway.

Provided as an precautionary measure against engine failure. Clearway length < 0.5(TOD - LOD)

TOD = Take off distance

LOD = Lift off distance

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Runway,Stopway

&Clearway

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Runway Clearway

Stopway

APPROACH ZONES AND ITS OBSTRUCTIONS

Approach zone: Zoning of flight approach areas is known as approach zones. Protects the flight paths also controls the development of property within

approach zones. Zoning laws also provide protection against the pollution sources. Controls the property and prevents the growth tall structures and trees.

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Approach Zone Profile

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Continued…

Obstructions: Within 4.5 km from the runway end, an object having height greater than

30 m. Beyond 4.5 km from runway end, an object with height above 30 m

increases by more than 7.5 m per 1.5 km. Any object having height more than 150 m.

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LANDUSE AROUND AIRPORT

Land is divided as:a. Cultivated and non-cultivated land.

Agriculture permitted as long as they don’t attract the birds. Forest and ponds near the airport not good.

b. Municipal and transport utilities. Power lines beyond certain height nor permitted.

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Continued…

c. Residential, commercial, industrial and recreation area. Residential areas within 5 km of airport and particularly along the

approach and climbout surfaces are undesirable. Commercial or industrial use causing electronic distortions of the

Instrument Landing System (ILS) should not be provided in approach areas.

Delicate instruments affected by vibrations should be avoided. Electric plants, gas and oil facilities are not recommended. Public gathering places are undesirable.

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LANDUSE AROUND HELIPORTS

Noise produced outside the confines of heliports is slight as compared to the airport.

Helicopters can be used in all areas with certain restrictions in residential, commercial, retail business areas, etc.

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TAXIWAY

The main function of taxiways is to provide access from the runway to terminal area, service hangers and back.

One way taxiways are provided on airports with heavy traffic. To avoid congestion a runway should have ample number of exit ways. Crossing with runway should be avoided as far as possible.

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Taxiway V(Victor)

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APRON

Indicates a definite area of the airport to accommodate aircrafts for loading and unloading of cargo and passengers, parking, refuelling, servicing, etc.

Usually paved. Located generally in front of the terminal building or adjacent to hangers. The aprons used for loading and unloading of cargo and passengers is called

loading and unloading aprons.

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Apron

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TERMINAL AREA

Portion of airport other than landing area. Includes:

Terminal building. Facilities for loading and unloading the passengers, cargo, mail, etc. Aprons. Vehicle parking area. Cargo storage buildings.

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HANGAR

A hangar is a closed building structure to hold aircraft, spacecraft or helicopters, etc. in protective storage.

Hangars are used for protection from the weather, direct sunlight. Also used for maintenance, repair, manufacture, assembly, etc. The size depends on the size of aircraft, size varies from ‘S’ to ‘XXL’. ‘XXL’ is build for the largest aircraft ‘Airbus 380’, ‘Boeing 747’ and ‘the

Antonov’.

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Airport Elements

Hangar One

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I always Wonder why Birds chose to stay in the same place when they can fly anywhere on the earth, THEN I ask

Myself the same question!HARUN YAHYA

THANK YOU