SKOPA PEMBAHASAN(sebelum mid-semester)

1. Istilah dan Pengertian Hukum Udara dan Angkasa (Air and Space Law)

2. Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa (Air and Space Law)3. Konferensi Paris 1910 dan Konvensi Paris 19194. Konvensi Chicago 19445. Konvensi Tokyo 19636. Konvensi Den Haag 19707. Konvensi Montreal 19718. Bonn Declaration 19789. Protokol Montreal 198810. Konvensi Montreal 1991

11. UU No. 1 Tahun 200912. UU No. 15 Tahun 2003 Tentang Penetapan Perpu No. 1

Tahun 2002 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Menjadi UU

13. Outer Space Treaty 196714. Rescue Agreement 196815. Liability Convention 1972

SKOPA PEMBAHASAN(sebelum mid-semester)

PengertianHukum Udara dan Angkasa (Definition of Air and Space Law)

---“Hukum dan regulasi yang mengatur

penggunaan ruang udara yang bermanfaat bagi penerbangan, kepentingan umum dan

bangsa-bangsa di dunia.”---

Verschoor

IstilahHukum Udara dan Angkasa (Terminology of Air and Space Law)

Istilah lainnya untuk hukum udara dan angkasa (Air and Space Law):•Hukum Penerbangan (Aviation Law)•Hukum Navigasi Udara (Air Navigation Law)•Hukum Penerbangan (Aerial Law)•Aeronautika Penerbangan (Aeronautical Law)•Udara Aeronautikda Penerbangan (Air-aeronautical Law)

Bagaimana sebenarnya skopa udara dan angkasa itu?-- How is the scope of air and space itself?

SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMWASHINGTON DC., USA

https://airandspace.si.edu/

EXAMPLE

SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMFACT AND FIGURES

• The Museum is the largest of the Smithsonian's 19 museums and its Center for Earth and Planetary studies is one of the Institution's nine research centers.

• More than eight million people a year visit the Museum's two locations, making it the most visited museum in the country. Since it opened in 1976, the Museum has welcomed 311 million visitors.

• The Museum's collection encompasses some 60,000 objects ranging in size from Saturn V rockets to jetliners to gliders to space helmets to microchips. Fully one-third of the Museum's aircraft and spacecraft are one-of-a-kind or associated with a major milestone.

• More than 12,000 cubic feet of documents recording the history, science, and technology of flight are housed in the Museum's Archives. The facility also holds the most complete collection of aviation and space images — more than 1.75 million photographs and 14,000 film and video titles.

SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMFACT AND FIGURES

• The Museum in Washington, DC has 21 exhibition galleries, covering diverse topics from world wars to the history of astronomy, from the Apollo space program to the relationship between time and navigation, to the Wright brothers and the aerial age.

• Three connecting hangars hold hundreds of aviation and space artifacts at the Udvar-Hazy Center, including the Space Shuttle Discovery; the B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay; a NASA android; Charles Lindbergh memorabilia; space science instruments; and pilot and astronaut equipment and gear.

• Each year the Museum presents approximately 20 lectures, 12 family days, and 30 unique events. These educational programs often feature pioneers in aviation and space, including pilots, astronauts, and scientists.

• Their experts are making discoveries on Mercury, the Moon and Mars; have produced the world's most definitive research on spacesuits; are researching the history of Star Trek; and wrote a children's book on the demotion of planets.

http://airandspace.si.edu/research/publications/

SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMPUBLICATIONS

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Sumber Hukum Internasional:

“International treaty, international custom, as evidence of a general practice, accepted as law”

---Pasal 38 ayat (1)

Piagam Mahkamah Internasional (PMI)

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

1. Multilateral2. Bilateral Air Transport Agreement3. Hukum Kebiasaan Internasional4. Prinsip-prinsip Hukum Umum (General Principle of Law)5. Ajaran Hukum (Doctrine)6. Yurisprudensi

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Multilateral (diadakan antara beberapa negara), contoh:

1. Treaty for extradition of Criminals and For Protection Against Anarchism;

2. Convention Relating to International Aerial Navigation;3. Convention on Commercial Aviation;4. Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of

Terrorism.

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Bilateral Air Transport Agreement (diadakan antara Indonesia dengan 1 (satu) negara lain), terdapat lebih dari 67 (enam puluh tujuh) negara yang telah bekerja sama dengan Indonesia, antara lain: Austria, Amerika Serikat, Arab Saudi, Australia, Belanda, Bahrain, Iran, Belgia, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Czekoslovakia, Denmark, Hongaria, India, Inggris, Italia, Jepang, Jerman, Kamboja, Korea Selatan, Libanon, Malaysia, Thailand, dll.

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Hukum Kebiasaan Internasional• Pasal 1 Konvensi Paris 1919 merupakan salah satu

hukum udara yang lahir dari kebiasaan internasional:“The High Contracting Parties recognise that every power has complete and exclusive souvereignty over the airspace above its territory.”

• Pasal tersebut telah diakomodasi dalam Konvensi Havana 1928 dan Pasal 1 Konvensi Chicago 1944

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Hukum Kebiasaan Internasional• Tindakan Amerika Serikat yang menetapkan Air

Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ), diikuti oleh Canada dengan menetapkan Canadian Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) yang kemudian diikuti oleh negara-negara lain.

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Prinsip-prinsip Hukum Umum (General Principle of Law) sebagai “general principles or law recognised by civilised nations” (Pasal 38 ayat (1) PMI) yaitu:

a. Prinsip bonafide;b. Pacta sunt servanda;c. Abus de droit atau misbruik van recht;d. Nebis in idem;e. Equality rights;f. Tidak boleh saling intervensi; dang. Non lequit.

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Ajaran Hukum (Doctrine), contoh:Pemindahan risiko dari korban (injured people) kepada pelaku (actor). Menurut ajaran tersebut, perusahaan penerbangan yang menyediakan transportasi umum bertanggung jawab terhadap kerugian yang diderita oleh korban (injured people)

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Internasional

(Source of Law of International Air and Space Law)

Yurisprudensi terutama berkenaan dengan tanggung jawab hukum perusahaan penerbangan terhadap penumpang dan/atau pengirim barang maupun terhadap pihak ketiga. Contoh:

a. Gugatan Ny. Oswald v. Garuda Indonesian Airways (1961)b. Penduduk Cengkareng v. Japan Airlines (2000)

Mengenai yurisprudensi “The decision of the Court has no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular cases”.

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Nasional

(Source of Law of National Air and Space Law)

Merupakan implementasi Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 seperti:1.Peraturan Pemerintah2.Peraturan Presiden3.Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan4.Peraturan Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara

Sumber Hukum Udara dan Angkasa Nasional

(Source of Law of National Air and Space Law)

Contoh:1.Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 13/S/1971 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Ketentuan-ketentuan Mengenai Penggunaan Pesawat Udara untuk Komersial di Indonesia;2.Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor SK 295/C/1970 tentang Penerbitan Penumpang Pesawat Udara;3.Instruksi Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Udara No. 1/1970 tentang Pelaksanaan Tata Tertib Penumpang Pesawat Udara;4.Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Nomor SKEP/315/V/1973 tentang Panitia Penertiban Angkutan Udara dan Pengamanan Bandar Udara.