Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

AIM: How can the achievements of the Mughal empire be analyzed?

Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Homework: Create a travel brochure to India. Show in

pictures in words the great things there are to see in India. Encourage people to visit India.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Early History….

• In the 1100s, Muslim invaders entered northern India and organized a sultanate, or land ruled by a sultan.

• Rajputs, or “sons of kings” ran the land prior to the sultans who came in.

• 13th – 16th Century (1200-1500) - 33 different sultans ruled the “Delhi

Sultanate” (Delhi is the capital of India)

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Babur Founds an Empire…

• 1494 – Babur inherits this large kingdom (what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan)

• He is too young to rule and is sent south forever.

• 1530 - Babur dies and grandson Akbar rules.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Akbar’s Golden Age… - Rules from 1556-1605

MILITARY CONQUEROR

• Equipped army with a lot of weapons.

• Extended rule into Deccan

• Allowed “rajputs” to be officers in newly governed area.

• Turned enemies into ALLIES!

– KEEP YOUR FRIENDS CLOSE AND YOUR ENEMIES CLOSER!

LIBERAL RULER!• Allowed for religious

toleration.– EX: Married two Hindu

women, a Christian and a Muslim.

– EX: Abolished taxes on “non-muslims” and Hindu people.

– EX: Appointed a Spanish Jesuit to tutor his son.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

The Arts and ArchitectureARTS AND

LITERATURE• Book Illustrations!

– Small, detailed and colorful. “Miniatures”

– “Akbarnamah” (Book of Akbar)

• Poet:Tulsan Das• Wrote: “Ramcaritmanas”

– Retold story of Rama and Sita.

ARCHITECTURE• Akbar style

architecture developed. – Decorated with

intricate stonework of Hindu Themes.

– EX: Fatehpur Sikri (a red sandstone city built by Akbar for a man who had predicted the birth of his first son).

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

FatehpUR

Sikri

Built: 1571

It was the political capital of India’s Mughal Empire under Akbar's reign, from 1571 until 1585.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Caligraphy Tombs of

(Persian) Shah Jahan & Mumtaz

MahalBuilt: 1648

Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built this in Memory of his Wife Mumtaz mahal.

TAJ MAHAL

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

“the mosque commanding a view of the world.”

The mosque is a real example of great architecture that existed during the Mughal period.

blend of both Hindu and Mughal style of architecture.

Jama

Masjid

Built: 1656

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

Lotus

Temple

of

DelHI

Built: 1984Temple=Symbol of Lotus Flower.

Hindus associate the lotus blossom with the gods Vishnu, Brahma, and the goddesses Lakshmi and Sarasvati.

From ancient times the lotus has been a divine symbol in Hindu tradition, an example of divine beauty, Its unfolding petals suggest the expansion of the soul.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

AKBAR’S SUCCESSORS (people who ruled AFTER him)

Jahangir and Nur Jahan• Nur was the real ruler. • Removed son, Khusrau,

because he rebelled against his father. Khusrau turned to Sikhism, a non-violent religious group that blended Hinduism and Islam.

• Believed in unity of a God, Reincarnation, and rejected Caste System.

Shah Jahan Ruled: 1628-1658• Jahangir’s other son. • Killed any rival to his throne.• LOVED TWO THINGS:

1. Beautiful Buildings.2. His Wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

• 1631-Mumtaz dies at age 39 after her 14th child.

• Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal after her and her beauty.

But, suffering existed, people were starving, roads and irrigation was needed. Instead, the people got taxed because they had to pay for his extravagant building, war, and expensive living.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

AKBAR’S SUCCESSORS CONTINUED…….

AURANGZEB• Shah Jahan gets sick and his 4 sons

fight for power. Aurangzeb wins. • He kills his older brother (the most

serious competitor) and jailed his father.

• He AGGRESSIVELY rules from 1658-1707.

• Expanded size of Mughal Empire.

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

AKBAR

AURANGZEB

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

AURANGZEB: The CRUEL Ruler

– EX: Enforced ONLY Islamic laws.– EX: Brought back tax on Hindus and non-Muslims. (doubled

them!)– EX: employed police to watch people and make sure they

were praying at the correct times. – EX: Erase gains made by Hindus during Akbar’s time.– EX: Hindus and Non-Muslims couldn’t hold government

positions. – EX: Hindu monuments ruined.

• Rajputs (who became friends with Muslims thanks to Akbar) were outraged. They decided to make their own state.

• Hindus began to have a deep seated anger. • 1716 - Sikhs make their own state of Punjab

Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?

THE MUGHAL EMPIRE’S DECLINE

• Aurangzeb drained the empire of resources.

• The state was weak. • After Aurangzeb dies(1707), 3 different

emperors rule the area. However, none ruled a united empire anymore.

• 1661-Western traders come in (Dutch, English, Portugese) and take their place in India.