AIC - Tactical Handcuffs.pdf

8/14/2019 AIC - Tactical Handcuffs.pdf

1/104

Instructor Certification(AIC) Course SyllabusTactical Handcuff


2/104


3/104

Preparation. Products designed for yoursafety. Training developed for use on the

street. Techniques thatwithstand the test of litigation.

This is the system of ASP.

Forged in the reality of law

enforcement.

Commitment. Trainingsupport. Maintenance support.

Liability support. A lifetime factorywarranty on every product. Whatever

the tactical need, ASP stands behind ourproducts and those who use them.

Quality. Innovative concepts. Durabledesigns. Exclusive patents. It isnt bychance that ASP products are the highestquality available. Each is developed withinput from the worlds most respected andtactically sophisticated law enforcementprofessionals. When you cannot afford lessASP . . . Protecting those who protect.

NEWHANDCUFFING PHOTO


4/104

TACTICAL HANDCUFF

ASP INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATION

(AIC)

COURSE SYLLABUS

May 2006

ASP, INCBox 1794

2511 E Capitol DR

Appleton, WI 54911O (800) 236-6243 (920) 735-6242F (800) 236-8601 (920) 735-6245

www.asp-usa.com


5/104

Copyright 2006 by Armament Systems and Procedures, INC

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informationstorage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Please note that all factual information such as names, addresses and telephone numbers listedin this book are subject to change.

ISBN ___________

Published by:

ARMAMENT SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES, INC2511 E Capitol DR

Appleton, WI 54911

Editor: Kevin Parsons, PhD

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

First PrintingJanuary 2006


6/104

FORWARD

ASP Handcuff Training presents a systems approach to the restraint of subjects. ASPhandcuff instruction utilizes the same basic techniques for application of Chain, Hinge, Rigid and

Disposable Restraints. Gone are the fine motor skills and complex techniques that areimpressive in the classroom but quickly discarded on the street. Here you will find realisticinstruction that can be safely utilized by all officers under the stress of real world confrontations.

An integral component of ASP Handcuff Training is the design of the restraints. Each wasdeveloped with the input from working officers in the field who presented ASP with their wish listof requirements during the ten year development cycle of the product line. The four ASPhandcuffs have been designed for the street. Each fills a specific need.

Chain cuffs are easily applied with the smoothest ratchet in the industry. Hinge restraintsprovide increased control. Rigid cuffs fold for easy transport and then snap open to lock in place.They control even the most resistant subject. Tri-Fold Disposable Restraints fold to a compactconfiguration for easy transport. They open to present large diameter loops that are rapidlyapplied with a single pull of the removable ring.

The approach to the protection of police officers that we call ASP would not have beenpossible without the efforts of literally thousands of Instructors throughout the world. The ASPphilosophy is different than that of other firms. We do not view training as a profit center. Rather,training is a service that we provide at no charge. While other companies send Instructors a bill,we send them support and provide them with a commitment to stand behind their needs as theyinstruct their officers.

ASP Instructor Trainers are the backbone of the ASP training program. To them, Iacknowledge my heartfelt appreciation. The training that they endured to become Trainers is,without question, the most intense in the industry. The quality of their instruction stands apart inthe profession. Special recognition must go to:

Nicolas Afindouli(France)

Matthew Antkowiak (OK)

Paulo Antunes(Portugal)

David Bachi(Australia)

Thomas Bardugon (GA)

Andreas Bauch(Germany)

David Berengueras Duch(Spain)

Emilio Bolea Lopez(Spain)

Rodrigues Branco(Portugal)

Aidan Brennan(Scotland)

Robert Bryant(England)

Genseric Cantournet(France)

Daniel Clanis(France)

Ken Cope (FL)

Charley Corle (CA)

Jim Diamond IV (CA)

Sam Faulkner (OH)

Marco Antonio Ferreira(Portugal)

Stanislav Gazdik(Czech Republic)

James Goddard(England)

Benito Gonzalez (NY)

James Greenwood(England)

Steven Grout(England)

Fabrice Halopeau(France)

Gil Hansen (IA)

Trevel Henry(England)

Russell Jenkins (MA)

Alex Jones(England)


7/104

Richard Kay(Australia)

Michael King(England)

Gerard Laurent(France)

Vito Hugo Lima(Portugal)

Carlos Sobrino Luengo(Spain)

Louis Marquez (TX)

Bruce McAlpine (CA)

Constantino Neto(Portugal)

Zane Nickell (OH)

Angel Pacheco

(France)

Alex Payne (KY)

Robert Petry (WV)

James Schramm (NY)

Ronald Schwint (SD)

Samuel Simonneau(France)

James Skyrm, SR (MD)

Michael Son (IL)

Quinton Swanson(New Zealand)

Paul Underhill(England)

Simon Verbanck(Belgium)

Bobby Walker (GA)

Mark Williams(England)

During the next eight hours, you will participate in training that is known throughout thelaw enforcement community for its intensity and realism. As you return to your agency to passon what you have learned, please contact us if we can assist you in any manner. We look forwardto having you join us: Protecting Those Who Protect.

Kevin Parsons, PhD

Chairman and CEO

January 2006


8/104

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward

Section 1: Course Introduction

1.01 Personnel ..................................................................................................11.01a ATC...........................................................................................11.01b TSM ..........................................................................................11.01c Distributor .................................................................................1

1.02 Registration ................................................................................................21.03 Student Introduction ...................................................................................21.04 Course Description.....................................................................................21.05 Program Standards ....................................................................................31.06 Instructor Certification................................................................................41.07 Safety .........................................................................................................4

Section 2: Control Theory

2.01 Overview ....................................................................................................72.02 Confrontational Continuum ........................................................................72.03 Force Options.............................................................................................72.04 Subject Action ............................................................................................92.05 Officer Reaction .........................................................................................92.06 Use of Force Evaluations ...........................................................................92.07 Totality of the Situation.............................................................................102.08 Officer/Subject Factors.............................................................................102.09 Special Circumstances.............................................................................10

2.10 Restraint...................................................................................................102.11 Documentation .........................................................................................112.12 Liability Considerations ............................................................................112.13 Use of Force Report.................................................................................12

Section 3: Technical Characteristics of the ASP Tactical Restraint System

3.01 Overview ..................................................................................................133.02 Handcuff Design.......................................................................................13

3.02a Interlocking Unitized Frame....................................................143.02b Reinforced Swivel...................................................................14

3.02c Dual Keyway...........................................................................143.02d One-Direction Unlock .............................................................153.02e Double Lock Indicator ............................................................153.02f Lightweight .............................................................................153.02g Radiused Edges.....................................................................153.02h Range.....................................................................................153.02i Color Coding ..........................................................................153.02j Replaceable Lock Set ............................................................163.02k Compressed Cheek Plates ....................................................163.02l High Contact Bow ..................................................................16


9/104

3.02m Smooth Action........................................................................163.02n Deep Set Teeth.......................................................................163.02o Contrasting Bow.....................................................................17

3.03 Chain Handcuffs.......................................................................................173.04 Hinge Handcuffs.......................................................................................173.05 Rigid Handcuffs........................................................................................17

3.06 Tri-Fold Disposable Restraints .................................................................173.07 Maintenance.............................................................................................183.08 Marking ....................................................................................................183.09 Accessories..............................................................................................18

3.09a Portation.................................................................................183.09b Keys........................................................................................193.09c Scarab Cutter .........................................................................193.09d Repair Kit ...............................................................................193.09e Training Aids...........................................................................19

Section 4: Body Mechanics

4.01 The Pyramid.............................................................................................214.01a Wide Base ..............................................................................214.01b Deep Base..............................................................................224.01c Low Center .............................................................................224.01d Head Over Center ..................................................................22

4.02 Hand Position...........................................................................................224.03 Relaxation v Tension ................................................................................224.04 Center ......................................................................................................224.05 Decentralization........................................................................................234.06 Position.....................................................................................................234.07 Power Generation ....................................................................................23

4.07a Balance...................................................................................234.07b Endurance ..............................................................................234.07c Flexibility .................................................................................234.07d Focus......................................................................................234.07e Speed .....................................................................................244.07f Strength ..................................................................................244.07g Simplicity.................................................................................24

Section 5: Restraint Training Terminology

5.01 Backloading..............................................................................................25

5.02 Back Up....................................................................................................255.03 Bow ..........................................................................................................255.04 Bow Guides..............................................................................................255.05 Bow Track .................................................................................................255.06 Breakaway................................................................................................255.07 Bridge.......................................................................................................255.08 Chain Cuff ................................................................................................255.09 Cheek Plates............................................................................................265.10 Combat Cuffing ........................................................................................265.11 Compliant Cuffing.....................................................................................265.12 Conical Geometry ....................................................................................26


10/104

5.13 Double Lock .............................................................................................265.14 Double Lock Bar.......................................................................................265.15 Down In Front...........................................................................................265.16 Extension Lock Design.............................................................................265.17 Finger Track..............................................................................................265.18 Flex Frame Technology ............................................................................26

5.19 Hand Guard..............................................................................................275.20 High Contact Bow ....................................................................................275.21 Hinge Cuff ................................................................................................275.22 Keyway .....................................................................................................275.23 Lock Bar (Pawl) ........................................................................................275.24 Lock Set ...................................................................................................275.25 Loosen & Lock .........................................................................................275.26 Lowered Strike Force ...............................................................................275.27 Mainspring................................................................................................275.28 Orientation Disk........................................................................................275.29 Out the Back ............................................................................................28

5.30 Palm Swell................................................................................................285.31 Pawl (Lock Bar)........................................................................................285.32 Pivot Bushing ...........................................................................................285.33 Polymer Technology .................................................................................285.34 Pop Place Pull......................................................................................285.35 Presentation .............................................................................................285.36 Purchase ..................................................................................................285.37 Raised Strike Force..................................................................................285.38 Ratchet Teeth ...........................................................................................295.39 Reaction Side...........................................................................................295.40 Reinforcing Ribs.......................................................................................295.41 Restraints .................................................................................................29

5.42 Rigid Cuffs................................................................................................295.43 Rock & Lock .............................................................................................295.44 Roll Back..................................................................................................295.45 Roller Loc.................................................................................................295.46 Security Post ............................................................................................295.47 Single Lock...............................................................................................295.48 Soft Baton ................................................................................................305.49 Stabilization..............................................................................................305.50 Stacking....................................................................................................305.51 Subject Control.........................................................................................305.52 Swivel .......................................................................................................30

5.53 Swivel Collar ............................................................................................305.54 Tactical Handcuff......................................................................................305.55 Tri-Fold Disposable Restraints .................................................................305.56 Ulna..........................................................................................................305.57 Weapon Side............................................................................................305.58 Wedge Lock Design.................................................................................31

Section 6: Training Format

6.01 Floor Dynamics ........................................................................................33


11/104

6.02 Warm-Up & Warm-Down..........................................................................336.03 Progressive Training.................................................................................33

6.03a Skill Discussion.......................................................................336.03b Skill Demonstration.................................................................346.03c Skill Practice ...........................................................................34

6.04 Practice Sequences .................................................................................34

6.04a By the Numbers .....................................................................346.04b Slow for Form.........................................................................346.04c Full Speed and Power............................................................346.04d Simulation...............................................................................34

6.05 Training Equipment ..................................................................................356.05a Training Bags .........................................................................356.05b Training Batons ......................................................................35

6.06 Drill Formations........................................................................................356.06a Line.........................................................................................366.06b Wheel .....................................................................................366.06c Post ........................................................................................36

6.06d Circle ......................................................................................366.06e Three Minute ..........................................................................366.07 Verbalization.............................................................................................376.08 Stances ....................................................................................................37

6.08a Interview.................................................................................376.08b Combat...................................................................................38

6.09 Reaction Hand Defense...........................................................................386.10 Safe Separation........................................................................................39

6.10a Check .....................................................................................396.10b Redirect ..................................................................................39

6.11 Stabilization..............................................................................................406.12 Restraint...................................................................................................40

6.12a Tactical Handcuffs ..................................................................406.12b Disposable Restraints ............................................................40

Section 7: Restraint Concepts

7.01 Always Handcuff.......................................................................................417.02 Dialogue ...................................................................................................417.03 Control, then Cuff.....................................................................................417.04 Palm Reading...........................................................................................417.05 Weapon Hand Control..............................................................................427.06 Angle of Advantage..................................................................................42

7.07 Reactionary Gap ......................................................................................427.08 Time (Get It On) .......................................................................................427.09 Cuff, then Search .....................................................................................427.10 Retention..................................................................................................42

Section 8: Basic Restraint Skills

8.01 Portation (Carrying Tactical Restraints)....................................................438.02 Control the Subject ..................................................................................438.03 Watch the Palms ......................................................................................448.04 Presentation (Drawing Tactical Restraints) ..............................................44


12/104

8.05 Handcuff Grip...........................................................................................448.06 Place & Push............................................................................................448.07 Rock & Lock .............................................................................................45

8.07a Rock.......................................................................................458.07b Lock........................................................................................46

8.08 Rigid Restraint..........................................................................................46

8.08a Palm Swell ..............................................................................468.08b Orientation Disk ......................................................................468.08c Out the Back...........................................................................468.08d Roll Back.................................................................................478.08e Stacking..................................................................................47

8.09 Slide, Lock, Search ..................................................................................478.09a Slide........................................................................................478.09b Double Lock............................................................................488.09c Loosen & Lock........................................................................488.09d Search ....................................................................................48

8.10 Movement ................................................................................................49

8.11 Transport and Removal............................................................................498.11a Transport.................................................................................498.11b Handcuff Key ..........................................................................498.11c Scarab Cutter .........................................................................498.11d Removal..................................................................................50

Section 9: Evaluation

9.01 Physical Testing........................................................................................539.01a Dynamic Proficiency Testing...................................................539.01b Static Proficiency Testing........................................................53

9.02 Written Examination .................................................................................54

9.03 Teaching Skills .........................................................................................549.04 Class Critique...........................................................................................549.05 Awards Presentation ................................................................................54

Section 10: Instructor Techniques

10.01 Instructor Demeanor ................................................................................5510.02 Instructor Dress........................................................................................5510.03 Safety Set.................................................................................................5510.04 Class Preparation.....................................................................................5610.05 Training Injuries ........................................................................................56

Section 11: Instructor Assistance

11.01 Publications..............................................................................................5711.02 ABC Kit.....................................................................................................5711.03 Instructor Set............................................................................................5711.04 Instructor Designation ..............................................................................5711.05 Instructor Products...................................................................................5711.06 Authorized ASP Distributors.....................................................................5711.07 Armament Systems and Procedures .......................................................58


13/104

APPENDIXES

A Tactical Handcuffs Technical Specifications

B The Seven Components of Power

C Training Terms

D ASP Warm-Up

E Handcuff Drills

F Teaching Skills Checklist

G Training Critique

H Injury Evaluation Form

I Agency Literature Order Form

J ASP Basic Certification (ABC) Application

K ASP Basic Certification (ABC) Information Sheet


14/104

OVERHEADS

A The Confrontational Continuum

B Chain Handcuff Exploded View

C Hinge Handcuff Exploded View

D Rigid Handcuff Exploded View

E Tri-Fold Restraint Cutaway

F Pyramid Concept

G Daily Dozen


15/104

TOPIC NOTES

SECTION 1: COURSE INTRODUCTION

ASP Restraint Certification teaches Criminal JusticePersonnel Tactical Restraint fundamentals in anoperational setting. The ASP Instructor Certification(AIC) Handcuff program focuses on instructionaltechniques, mechanical functions and maintenanceprocedures for ASP Tactical Restraints. It increasesInstructor familiarity and skill with the full range of ASPHandcuffs.

While completion of ASP Basic Handcuff Certificationis desirable, it is not a prerequisite for participation in AICHandcuff training.

Participation in all aspects of this program is arequirement for AIC certification. The nature of restrainttraining requires strict discipline. Safe trainingprocedures must be followed by all participants. (SeeSection 1.07)

1.01 Personnel

The combined efforts of a number of people arerequired to make an ASP training program successful.

1.01a ATC: Armament Systems and Procedures has

three levels of handcuff certification: ASP BasicCertification (ABC) for field personnel, ASPInstructor Certification (AIC) for agencyInstructors and ASP Trainer Certification (ATC) forInstructor Trainers. ASP Trainers (ATCs) areselected for their instructional skill and experienceand are certified to conduct certification programsfor all ASP product lines. Each candidate mustcomplete an intensive competency based trainingand testing process.

1.01b TSM: ASP Technical Support Managers (TSMs)

are factory trained sales personnel who providetechnical product information. They serve as alocal contact directly to the factory. TSMs assistwith the procurement of equipment andcoordination of training programs.

1.01c Distributor: ASP Distributors are selected basedupon their ability to service client agencies. Theystock ASP products and act as the local sourcefor all ASP training equipment.


16/104

TOPIC NOTES

2

1.02 Registration

The seminar Information Sheet requests participantbackground data that is required for Instructor

Certification. The participants name will appear oncertificates exactly as it is written on the InformationSheet. Instructor mailings will be sent to the homeaddress listed on the Information Sheet.

Participants must be on full duty status, and anyhealth problems must be described in the medical sectionof the registration form. Individuals with medicalproblems that prohibit their ability to complete the ASPWarm-Up may not participate in the course.

All participants must sign the Release from Liabilityand Assumption of Risk Agreement

ASP provides some of the most popular trainingprograms available for Criminal Justice personnel. Withthis high demand, care must be used to reduce thenumber of participants who reserve slots and fail toattend. All ASP factory sponsored programs require adeposit. This fully refundable deposit aids the factory andprogram sponsors in keeping no-shows to a minimum.Deposits are returned to the participant once theyparticipate in the training. Participants who fail to appearor do not notify the sponsor or factory in a timely mannerwill forfeit their deposit.

1.03 Student Introduction

All participants in ASP Instructor Certificationprograms are treated as peers. Participants provide apersonal introduction including:

Name Agency Special physical skills (wrestling, boxing, Karate) Prior training experience Other restraint programs attended What you hope to learn

1.04 Course Description

The ASP Instructor Certification (AIC) program is an8-hour, hands on seminar which trains participants toinstruct classes in the operational use of ASP TacticalHandcuffs. The program is simple to learn and easy tounderstand. It provides efficient restraint techniques forCriminal Justice personnel without long hours of training.Techniques were designed to work effectively for all

I hear . . . I forgetI see . . . I learnI do . . . I remember


17/104

officers, male and female, large and small, athletic as wellas officers in less than peak physical condition.

The program provides portation (carrying) andpresentation (drawing) procedures as well as handcuff

application techniques. These tactics are quicklylearned, easily practiced and readily maintained longafter the program is completed. ASP training providestechniques that work 90% of the time with 90% of thesubjects an officer faces. However, as a realistic trainingprogram for the real police, ASP instruction recognizesthat nothing works 100% of the time. For this reason, allASP training retains the officers ability to disengage orescalate.

ASP Tactical Restraints are designed to be used as atemporary restraint, not a long term control device.Techniques taught in the AIC program follow thisstandard. There are no complicated holds or complexmoves. Because of this, the ASP program avoids thetraining complexities which often plague other handcuffprograms.

The training incorporates drills which simulate thewide variety of street encounters which require restraints.By the end of the AIC handcuff program, participants willbe prepared to provide basic instruction to otherpersonnel in operational use of ASP Tactical Handcuffs.The program participant will have a basic understandingof the conditions in which the handcuff may be used,

justification for use and how to document these actions.

1.05 Program Standards

The ASP Instructor Certification (AIC) program, likethe ASP Basic Certification (ABC) program, is based onmodern, court defensible police standards for theapplication of temporary restraints.

The techniques in all ASP Tactical Restraintprograms are designed to meet three basic standards oftraining:

The techniques work on the street, not just inthe ideal setting of a classroom.

The techniques are court defensible and arebacked by the nations most experienced useof force consultants.

The program is administratively feasible foruse in a contemporary law enforcementagency.

TOPIC NOTES


18/104

TOPIC NOTES

4

Based on a model for the use of force, theConfrontational Continuum, ASP programs provide aconceptual basis for the use of Tactical Restraints in anoperational setting.

1.06 Instructor Certification

AIC Handcuff training, like the basic restraintprogram, is a participatory seminar. Instructors mustpass a written and physical performance examination.AIC Handcuff Instructor status certifies an individual toconduct ASP Basic Certification (ABC) programs. Thisdoes not imply that Instructors are certified to conductASP Instructor Certification programs.

ASP Instructor Certification must be conducted by anASP Trainer certified by Armament Systems andProcedures. To maintain certification, Instructors must beactively involved in conducting ASP training programs.Recertification for Instructors is available throughattendance at another AIC course. It is recommendedthat Instructors attend this session at least once everythree years.

1.07 Safety

Safety is the ultimate responsibility of the Instructor.The goal of all ASP instruction is injury free training.

Handcuff instruction is by definition a contact activity. Forthis reason, a number of safety procedures are requiredduring ASP training:

1. No functional firearms or other weapons areallowed in the training area.

2. No jewelry (rings, earrings, necklaces) shouldbe worn by participants. Plastic trainingwatches are allowed.

3. Mouthguards are required for each participant.

4. Shoes worn by each participant must havegood lateral and linear support.

5. Only ASP Tactical Restraints, keys, cutters andtraining equipment may be used duringtraining.

6. The training area must be sanitized and allitems which may injure students removed or


19/104

insulated. All training equipment must begrounded against walls when not in use.

7. The Instructor will have a Safety Set including

a cold pack and elastic wrap.

8. All activities must stop at the sound of thewhistle.

9. Participants may strike target areas only whenthey are covered by a Training Bag orprotective training suit.

10. Keep restraints in scabbards on duty beltswhen they are not in use during the trainingsession. (Do not lay them on the floor or throwthem back and forth between students.)

NOTE

It is essential for participant safety that only ASPmanufactured restraints, keys and trainingequipment be employed in conjunction with ASPTactical Handcuff programs. Other manufacturershave attempted to imitate ASP designs. Only ASPequipment has been engineered and produced tosafely withstand the rigors of Tactical Handcuff

instruction. The ASP Training Baton, Baton Carrierand Training Bag are vital to successful, dynamictraining sessions.

TOPIC NOTES


20/104


21/104

TOPIC NOTES

SECTION 2: CONTROL THEORY(See Overhead A)

2.01 Overview

The ability to use force against the public is theprimary factor which distinguishes the police from theremainder of society. No other segment of our populationis permitted this license. As a result of this responsibility,the use of force by the police comes under close scrutinyby both the public and the courts.

2.02 Confrontational Continuum

In an attempt to define and clarify appropriatecircumstances for the use of force, the ConfrontationalContinuum was developed.

The Continuum provides the law enforcementadministrator with a realistic means of evaluating forceusage. The Continuum provides the street officer withreasonable guidance in determining what level of force isneeded and a means of documenting that use of force.

The physical process of arrest occurs after controlhas been achieved. Force must cease when control hasbeen effected. The use of force on an individual who is

already under control is punishment and exceeds thebounds of all prevailing standards of police conduct.

The Confrontational Continuum was initiallydeveloped in an effort to explain to law enforcementpersonnel the proper response to an assailants actions.It was designed as a mechanism for explaining the levelof force that was employed and the circumstances underwhich it was exercised.

2.03 Force Options

The horizontal Force Option line provides a series ofresponses which are available for use by a lawenforcement officer when confronting a subject. Specificagencies have diverse labels for techniques. However,the order of escalation is generally consistent fromagency to agency.

Dialogue is the best defensive tactic. It is the mostfundamental use of force that can be employed.Dialogue as a means of persuading an individual tocomply is the foundation on which all additional force is


22/104

TOPIC NOTES

8

built. Talking a subject into compliance avoids theinherent dangers of a physical confrontation in which theofficer or subject may be injured.

However, if dialogue is not effective, the next means

of gaining control is the use of an escort technique. Thisis a low level compliance procedure, non-threatening andnon-violent. The purpose of escort compliance is toremove from the area a subject who may present a threatto the officer or the public. From a physical standpoint,escort is perhaps the most commonly employedtechnique by law enforcement personnel.

When an escort technique fails or would be unsafe,the next force option is a pain compliance technique.Pain compliance involves the manipulation of a joint tocause pain. Compliance results from an effort on the partof the individual to relieve the discomfort. Paincompliance could be used in circumstances under whichit would be too dangerous to initially attempt to escort anindividual. In those circumstances in which escort isinappropriate or ineffective and yet a higher use of forceis not justified, pain compliance is an entirely appropriateand often extremely effective procedure. The use ofOleoresin Capsicum is classified as a pain complianceprocedure.

Mechanical control (a punch, kick, throw or stun) isthe next option available if pain compliance is ineffectiveor would be inappropriate. The use of mechanical control

has a higher probability of gaining compliance but alsohas a higher potential for injury to the subject. As aresult, mechanical control is employed only in thosecircumstances in which the preceding levels of forcewould prove to be inappropriate as a result of theassailants behavior or have shown themselves to beineffective as a means of control.

When mechanical control fails or would beinappropriate, the use of an impact weapon is required.The baton is an intermediate level of force and bridgesthe gap between the use of hands or fists and the use ofa firearm to control an assailant. The police officer who

is not issued a baton but carries a firearm has no use offorce option between hands or fists and the use of deadlyforce.

Finally, if the intermediate force of a baton provesinappropriate or is ineffective, the firearm may berequired to stop the subject.


23/104

TOPIC NOTES

2.04 Subject Action

The vertical Subject Action line delineates theassailants action during a confrontation. The horizontal

Force Options define a law enforcement officersdefensive responses.

2.05 Officer Reaction

The Officer Reaction line bisects the Subject Actionline and the Force Option line, marking the officersreaction to an increased use of violence by the subject.As the subjects resistance increases, the officersresponse must increase appropriately to maintaincontrol.

2.06 Use of Force Evaluations

The goal of a law enforcement officer in aconfrontation is control of the subject. It is imperative thatthis control not be a 50/50 balance. The officer must winand not just 50 percent of the time. If half theconfrontations result in a failure to control a subject, theofficer and the general public are put in critical danger.

An officer needs to maintain control. Each techniqueemployed in a confrontational situation must be evaluatedin terms of its likelihood to gain control compared to its

likelihood to cause damage. Those techniques whichoffer a high degree of control and a limited potential fordamage are preferred options.

A misconception of those who do not understand theconcept of the Confrontational Continuum is theassumption that officers must exhaust every lower optionbefore moving to a higher level response. Such thinkingis both naive and dangerous. The purpose of theConfrontational Continuum is to give officers a guide toselection of reasonable force options. There is norequirement to attempt implementation of each lowerlevel alternative.

In evaluating techniques, a final consideration mustbe made to insure officer safety. This involves theofficers ability to instantly disengage or escalate inresponse to a confrontation. Techniques which tie anofficer to a subject must be rejected. Techniques whichdo not allow the ability to escalate the force option inresponse to a subjects threat are unacceptable.


24/104

TOPIC NOTES

10

2.07 Totality of the Situation

All actions, relational factors between parties andconditions surrounding the street confrontation comprise

the Totality of the Situation. These include theOfficer/Subject Factors and the Special Circumstanceslisted below. Each relevant condition relates to theconfrontation in determining the officers course of action.

2.08 Officer/Subject Factors

- age - skill level- gender - multiple officers- size - multiple subjects- fitness

It is reasonable that a discrepancy in the age, gender,physical size, fitness or skill level of individuals involved inthe confrontation may mandate that an officer use moreor less force to control the situation.

In a similar manner, it would be reasonable for asingle officer to use more force in controlling a situationwhen confronted by multiple subjects.

In addition to Officer/Subject Factors, a confrontationmay include Special Circumstances which would allow anofficer to increase the use of force.

2.09 Special Circumstances

- close proximity to a firearm/weaponspecial knowledgeinjury or exhaustionground position- disability- imminent danger

A subject in close proximity to a firearm or otherweapon creates an increased danger to the officer whichmust be dealt with immediately. An officer may have

special knowledge of a subjects skills that would requirethe use of increased force. An officer who is injured,exhausted, on the ground, disabled or is in imminentdanger would be justified in escalating through the use offorce options.

2.10 Restraint

In each situation where the officer is forced to employphysical force to stop an assault or control the subject,


25/104

TOPIC NOTES

the confrontation ends with the subject being restrained.Defensive measures should not be viewed as discretedisciplines of escort, pain compliance, mechanicalcontrol, baton, firearm or handcuffing. As a result, all

ASP techniques ultimately end with the subject beingrestrained. Restraint of the subject after control must beviewed as part of all Use of Force training.

2.11 Documentation

A critical portion of any defensive tactics programmust include training in documentation. A properlydocumented report detailing a street confrontation is thefirst step in minimizing potential civil liability. Althoughreports vary from agency to agency, basic information isnecessary in all Use of Force Reports. Whendocumenting a case of violent resistance, always includethe following:

1. The type of call which first brought theofficer in contact with the subject

2. The number of persons involved in thesituation

3. The time of day, physical setting and type ofsituation

4. What the subject said to the officer

5. The subjects demeanor and attitude

6. What the officer said

7. The subjects actions and officers reactions

8. A detailed report of the officers injuries,including photographs when possible

9. A detailed report of the subjects injuries,including photographs when possible

10. Names, addresses and telephone numbersof neutral witnesses not involved in theconfrontation

2.12 Liability Considerations

Avoid conclusionary statements such as, I usedreasonable force to effect the arrest. Use concrete,

1


26/104

TOPIC NOTES

precise descriptions of the confrontation and the ForceOptions used.

Include all Officer/Subject Factors and SpecialCircumstances involved in the confrontation. These

pieces of information will not only aid a conviction incriminal court, but will also help in defending the officersactions should a civil suit develop as a result of theconfrontation. Short, generic descriptions of aconfrontation may cause a future reader of the report tomistakenly believe something is being hidden.

2.13 Use of Force Report

In an effort to improve the reports written by officersinvolved in confrontations, Armament Systems andProcedures makes available, without charge to the lawenforcement community, the Use of Force Report decal.

12

USE OF FORCE REPORTRemember:

The Incident Report is your account of what happened in a confrontation. Many individuals, including a jury, may read this report. Be certain to indicate the causes for your action including all reasonable

suspicion and probable cause. Quote the subject directly, if possible. Quote your statements as accurately as possible. Be chronological. Show the totality of the circumstances. List all factors that contributed to the incident. Detail the debriefing that occurred.

Specify the care rendered to the subject after control was effected. State your perception at the time of the incident based upon your trainingand experience.

Be specific with regard to the force you employed, areas to which it wasdirected and why it was employed in place of other force options.

The Confrontational Continuum

This overview is provided as a service to the Law Enforcement Community.

Additional copies may be obtained without charge by contacting:

Box 1794 Appleton, WI 54912 (920) 735-6242 1980

Control Theory

The Goal is ControlControl is not 50/50You need Advantage for ControlEvaluate Propensity for Control v DamageAbility to Disengage or Escalate is Imperative

Totality of the Situation

Officer/Subject FactorsAge Multiple OfficersGender Multiple SubjectsSizeFitnessSkill Level

Special CircumstancesClose Proximity to a WeaponSpecial KnowledgeInjury or ExhaustionGround PositionDisabilityImminent DangerA

ssailantAction

Offic

erRe

actio

n

Force Options

Dialogue Escort Pain Mechanical Baton Firearm


27/104

TOPIC NOTES

SECTION 3: TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF THE ASP TACTICAL RESTRAINT SYSTEM

3.01 OverviewModern police handcuffs trace their origin to the

swing through bow design of George Carney that waspatented in 1912. Construction consisted of a series ofstamped plates that were riveted together. The first majoradvance in fabrication technology came in 1981 with theintroduction of copper brazed handcuffs by James Krugerof Smith & Wesson. The first major advance in linkagecame that same year with the hinged handcuff designpatented by David Sullivan and manufactured by the

Peerless Handcuff Company. The advantage of using ahandcuff to both control and restrain a subject waspioneered by Dennis Elam with his Quick Cuff program.Hiatt & Company introduced the first practical rigidhandcuff design with their folding Ultra-Cuff.

Despite these innovations, handcuff featuresremained static and limited. Construction technologyremained traditional and basic. Innovation was limited.

ASP Tactical Handcuffs are classified as temporaryrestraining devices. They are designed to be quick, quietand highly effective. The unique nature of the restraintsmakes them ideal for Criminal Justice personnel in an

operational setting.ASP Tactical Handcuffs are certified under the US

Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ)Standard 0307.01 formulated by the Law EnforcementStandards Laboratory of the National Bureau ofStandards.

ASP Tactical Restraints are available in a variety ofstyles to meet specific needs. (See Appendix A)

3.02 Handcuff Design

As with all ASP products, the design for TacticalHandcuffs originated in the field. ASP Trainers surveyedinstructors and officers throughout the world. The mostdesirable handcuff features were listed and categorized.The result is a handcuff unlike any other. The designintroduces features, construction and materials that areinnovative, real world and strong.

ASP Handcuffs overmold a ribbed, heat treated,stainless steel frame with ordnance grade polymer.Restraints can be color coded by agency, division or thesecurity threat of the subject. Lock Sets are replaceable.

1


28/104

TOPIC NOTES

14

The flat bow face provides improved wrist contact duringapplication. The cuff indicates proper restraint orientationby both color and feel. The conical bow geometry of theTactical Handcuff increases the range of restraint with 22

locking positions. The same cuff fits large subjects aswell as women and juveniles.

All ASP restraints have a keyway on each side of thehandcuff. The radiused edges and high visibility doublelock indicator increase safety of the subject.

3.02a Interlocking Unitized Frame

An optimized frame design wasachieved through the use ofsophisticated computerizedengineering programs. Strengthpotential was maximized throughthe selection of an optimalcombination of materials, heattreatment, frame geometry and reinforcing ribs.

3.02b Reinforced Swivel

The swivel has traditionally been the weakest partof any handcuff design. The Tactical Handcuffuses a roller bearing style mechanism to provide360 reinforcement of the swivel while insuringsmooth, non-binding rotation.

3.02c Dual KeywayTraditional handcuff training taught officers toposition the keyhole up. In the classroom, theemphasis was on this proper technique. The


29/104

reality of the street focused on getting the cuffson. Tactical Handcuffs are designed for the realpolice. Keyways are on both sides of each cuff.Now the emphasis can be on safe application.

Whatever way the handcuff is applied, the keywaywill always be up.

3.02d One-Direction Unlock

Standard handcuffs require a turn in one directionto release the double lock and in another torelease the single lock. Tactical Cuffs releaseboth locks in a single turn. The design blocks anincorrect rotation.

3.02e Double Lock Indicator

Failure to double lock handcuffscan result in overtightenedrestraints. The resulting handcuffneuropathy is a major cause oflitigation. Double locking alsoprovides protection againstshimming open handcuffs. Thebright yellow indicator of the Tactical Cuff providesa highly visible warning to double lock therestraints.

3.02f Lightweight

Patent pending construction produces a stainlesssteel cuff that weighs less than standard designs.Overmolded in ordnance grade polymer, TacticalCuffs are rugged and reliable.

3.02g Radiused Edges

There are no sharp edges on ASP TacticalHandcuffs. The result is a safe cuff that will notcut the subject and is less likely to cause nervedamage.

3.02h Range

The unique conical geometry of the TacticalHandcuff wedge closure design provides agreater span of locking positions. As a result,these cuffs can accommodate larger wrists whileat the same time still being able to secure thesmaller wrists of juveniles and women.

3.02i Color CodingCustom color frames are available for agencies,divisions or to designate the security threat ofsubjects. Standard colors are tactical black, high

TOPIC NOTES

1


30/104

TOPIC NOTES

visibility yellow, training red and translucentCutaways. Special order colors are available todesignate specific agencies, levels of security ormedical conditions.

3.02j Replaceable Lock SetChanging a keyway orrepairing a cuff is rapid andeasy. While an armorerstool depresses the retainingpin, the Lock Set is cammedout of its recess. Lock Sets are replaceable andavailable in a series of domestic, foreign and highsecurity key designs.

3.02k Compressed Cheek PlatesThe bow will drag as it swingsthrough handcuff cheek platesthat have been compressed.Use the cheek plates of asecond set of cuffs to open upthe binding plates until thebow swings freely.

3.02l High Contact Bow

The flat contact surface of theTactical Handcuff bow

provides an improvedpurchase on the wrist of thesubject. The result is a cuffthat is more easily applied.The handcuff will not fail to engage as a result ofa round bow slipping to the side as it is placed ona round wrist. The flat engagement surface of theTactical Cuff bow assures positive cuffapplication.

3.02m Smooth ActionPrecision components combine with advanced

computer design to create an ultra smooth ratchetaction. The locking bar (pawl) to bow tooth(ratchet) engagement is so smooth in all 22positions that no backloading is necessary prior tohandcuff application.

3.02n Deep Set TeethBoth locking bar (pawl) and bow tooth (ratchet)engagement are set deep for an extra secure holdunder even the most dynamic field conditions.

16


31/104

TOPIC NOTES

3.02o Contrasting BowThe bows of standard Tactical Handcuffs differ incolor from the frame. This feature combined withthe flat face bow gives visual and tactile indication

for proper handcuff orientation.

3.03 Chain Handcuffs (See Overhead B)

Chain cuffs provide less control ofhandcuffed subjects. However, they areeasier to apply. A precision machinedchain swivel has ball bearing smoothrotation. Stainless steel chains are TIGwelded for strength. A heavy walled collarreinforces the swivel against lateral pressure.

3.04 Hinge Handcuffs (See Overhead C)

Hinge cuffs provide increased controlof handcuffed subjects. They are moredifficult to apply to a resisting subject.Stainless steel links provide a secure andrigid restraint. ASP Hinge Handcuffs fold infour locations to create a compact restraintthat is easily carried.

3.05 Rigid Handcuffs (See Overhead D)

Rigid Handcuffs provide the greatestcontrol of a subject. They are well suited tospecialized subject control applications. Afolding lock mechanism allows the ASPRigid Handcuff to be retained in a compactcarrier. The cuff opens and locks into a rigidconfiguration. Rigid handcuffs provide bothcontrol and restraint. They have special application incourtroom and airline security settings.

3.06 Tri-Fold Disposable Restraints (See Overhead E)

Designed for special operation(gang, mass arrest, tactical team)settings, Tri-Fold Restraints alsoprovide an auxiliary cuff for theplainclothes or uniform officer. Thewide, round edged straps foldcompactly or expand to form anoversized loop. The retaining blockprohibits access to the ratchetswhile providing an extremely strong positive lock with

smooth single pull application.

1


32/104

TOPIC NOTES

18

3.07 Maintenance

Handcuffs are a mechanical device. They should beinspected frequently to insure proper function. Tactical

Handcuffs should be carried in a protective case to keepthem free from dirt and debris. Should the handcuffsbecome contaminated with blood or other bodily fluids,use appropriate bleach solution or autoclave sterilizationtechniques. Avoid temperatures above 300F (148.9C).After sterilization, apply a small amount of silicone to thepivot pin. Remove all excess oil as it will attract lint anddust.

3.08 Marking

Identification marks should not be stamped or etchedon any part of the Tactical Handcuffs. Compression ordisplacement of metal during marking may causemalfunction of the handcuffs. Contact ASP or yourAuthorized ASP Distributor to learn about the officer andagency laser marking programs that are available fromthe factory.

3.09 Accessories

ASP Tactical Restraints are part of a family ofproducts. The related components were designed to

create a total system for subject control.

3.09a Portation

A series of advanced technologycases have been engineered forTactical Restraints. These carriersprotect the restraints whileproviding immediate accessibility.

Each ASP Handcuff Case incorporates a retainerfor a spare cuff key. Be certain that the doublelock of Tactical Handcuffs is not engaged prior to

casing the cuffs.

Duty Case

Nylon Case

InvestigatorCase


33/104

TOPIC NOTES

3.09b KeysAn assortment of Extended, Swivel and LogoHandcuff Keys have been designed for ASPTactical Handcuffs. All incorporate high strength

or heat treated stainless steel construction.

3.09c Scarab Cutter

The Scarab Restraint Cutter uses apiercing blade and compoundleverage to sever a Tri-FoldRestraint. The surgicalstainless steel blade isshrouded to protect both theofficer and subject. The telescoping handles ofthe Scarab lock onto the officers keyring.

3.09d Repair Kit

A service kit for repair of Tactical Handcuffs allowsrapid replacement of the Lock Set.

3.09e Training AidsBoth clear CutawayRestraints and RedTraining Restraints areproduced by ASP.

Cutaways help officersunderstand the operationof Tactical Handcuffs. RedTraining Tri-Folds may be repeatedly removed andre-applied.

1


34/104


35/104

SECTION 4: BODY MECHANICS

The principles of human movement form thefoundation of all ASP techniques. The ability to use thebasic principles of body mechanics dramaticallyincreases an officers potential to control a confrontation,while decreasing the chances of injury.

4.01 The Pyramid

The foundation of body mechanics is the PyramidConcept of defensive measures:

1. Wide Base

2. Deep Base

3. Low Center

4. Head Over Center

A law enforcement officer may use these principles togain advantage and control an assailant. (See Overhead F)

Pyramid Concept

4.01a Wide Base: Keep the feet shoulder width apart.This stance will maintain lateral balance (fromside-to-side) which is not present when the feet

TOPIC NOTES

2


36/104

TOPIC NOTES

22

are together. The bodys weight is equallydistributed between both legs.

4.01b Deep Base: Linear balance (front and back) is

maintained using a Deep Base, placing the feetone step apart, Reaction Leg forward, WeaponLeg back.

When combined with a Wide Base, this positionbalances the body from all sides.

4.01c Low Center: To further enhance balance, a LowCenter is achieved by slightly bending the knees.The bodys weight rests equally on both feetwithout creating tension in the knees or ankles.

4.01d Head Over Center: This position keeps theweight of the body balanced over the base. Thehead is kept over the center of the body.

4.02 Hand Position

During a confrontation, the hands are often the firstline of defense to an attack. They must be kept above thewaistline and in front of the body to allow a rapidresponse to a sudden assault. The hands, forearms andelbows should not be over extended where they can be

grabbed. They should not be too close to the body wherethey provide little protection to the head and upper body.

4.03 Relaxation v Tension

Tense muscles cannot engage in dynamic movementwhich is vital during the application of restraints. Tensemuscles expend greater energy and can tire an officerprematurely.

While maintaining the Pyramid Concept of bodymechanics, the officer needs to remain relaxed in order toput the four principles into action.

4.04 Center

The officer uses the Pyramid Concept in order tomaintain balance during the execution of ASP restraintprocedures. Center is achieved by building the fourcomponents of the pyramid.


37/104

TOPIC NOTES

4.05 Decentralization

Using proper distancing techniques, the assailant iskept off balance and, therefore, in a weaker tactical

position. Decentralization is achieved by removing thecomponents of the pyramid.

4.06 Position

During a confrontation, maintain a strong pyramidposition. This provides Safe Separation while keepingthe officer within striking distance of the subject. Assaultsby the assailant are Checked or Redirected as the officermoves to a Weapon Side position of advantage.Movement is always done in Pyramid Stance.

4.07 Power Generation

Maximum striking potential is achieved through use ofthe Seven Components of Power. These elements forincreasing an officers control potential were outlined in1980 by DR Kevin Parsons: (See Appendix B)

4.07a Balance is the most basic component of power. Itmust be automatic, instantly fluid, present duringcontinuous movement and capable of beingsustained as momentum increases. Balance is

linked with timing and is improved by working withmoving targets.

4.07b The second component of power is endurance,primarily cardiovascular. Endurance is improvedthrough aerobic exercises such as running,swimming or bicycling. A rule of thumb is to runone mile a day in preparation for every threeminutes of a fight.

4.07c The third component of power is flexibility.Rigidity presents tremendous problems during a

confrontation. It is tied to tension, fear,nervousness and lack of confidence. Flexibility isimproved by stretching and relaxation. Flexibilityis enhanced when muscles are in dynamictension, resisting each other in perfect tone.

4.07d Focus is the fourth component of power. Focusis the result of proper mind/body coordination andoccurs when the mental and physical systemscomplement each other to the point that total

2


38/104

TOPIC NOTES

24

concentration can be directed to a specifictechnique for a short period of time. The twobarriers to focus are hesitation and over-compensation. Hesitation is often tied to lack of

flexibility. Over-compensation is defined as tryingtoo hard.

4.07e Speed is the fifth component of power. It isgenerated through continuous repetition until atechnique is both physiologically andpsychologically routine and lag time has beenreduced. It is clear from ballistics research thatspeed is vitally important to the generation ofdevastating power.

4.07f The sixth component of power is strength. Thelow ranking of strength in the power typology isdue to the other factors which can make up for thelack of strength and the manner in whichalternative components can impair power if notpresent with strength. The strongest officerpossesses little power when off balance,exhausted or inflexible.

4.07g The seventh component of power is simplicity.Repetition of fundamentals combined with clear,systematic sequencing yields tremendous power.

Keep it short and simple (KISS).


39/104

TOPIC NOTES

SECTION 5: RESTRAINT TRAININGTERMINOLOGY

In order to insure the safety of participants, both theInstructor and students must share a common trainingterminology. For the purpose of explanation andinstruction, the following terms are used throughout theASP Restraint Certification program:

5.01 BackloadingThe ability of a restraint to draw the last severalteeth of the bow back through the frame to a setposition prior to handcuffing. Often required in

restraints with extremely stiff lock mechanisms.

5.02 Back UpWhen Rigid Handcuffs are stacked behind theback, the subject's palms should face upward.

5.03 BowThe swing-through retention mechanism thatemploys ratchet teeth to lock the restraint in placeon the subject's wrist.

5.04 Bow Guides

A unique ASP design that employs ageometrically precise pierced stainless steel arcto maintain alignment of the bow within the frame.

5.05 Bow TrackA retention mechanism on each side of the bowwhich retains integrity of the restraint duringextreme stress.

5.06 BreakawayThe key activated bridge release opposite thepalm swell on Rigid Handcuffs.

5.07 BridgeThe heat treated stainless steel lockingmechanism of the Rigid Handcuff.

5.08 Chain CuffTactical Handcuffs which are joined by a stainlesssteel chain that is welded to a 360 swivel andsurrounded by a reinforcing collar. Chain

2


40/104

TOPIC NOTES

26

Handcuffs are the easiest of all restraints to applyin a tactical setting.

5.09 Cheek Plates

The two polymer covered stainless steel armsthat retain the bow.

5.10 Combat CuffingRestraint of a violent, resistant, non-responsive ortactical subject that requires the use of force tocontrol, stabilize and restrain.

5.11 Compliant CuffingRestraint of a non-violent subject that isresponsive to verbal commands.

5.12 Conical GeometryAn ever-changing arc that is derived from theconical diameter of the ASP Tactical Handcuff.This wedge lock design allows a wider range oflocking positions to secure large subjects as wellas juveniles and women with use of the samerestraint.

5.13 Double LockThe mechanism that prevents the handcuff fromeither tightening or being removed.

5.14 Double Lock Bar

A highly visible polymer structure that may beengaged to prevent movement of the lock bar.

5.15 Down in Front

When Rigid Handcuffs are stacked in front of thebody, the subject's palms should face downward.

5.16 Extension Lock Design

Both cuffs of the Rigid Restraint must beextended for the automatic lock to engage.

Designed to prevent accidental activation.

5.17 Finger TrackThe recess on the lower edge or Rigid Handcuffsthat keeps an officer's fingers clear of the bowguides.

5.18 Flex Frame TechnologyThe use of an overmolded stainless steel frame toreduce injury potential from excessive lateralstress due to improper handcuff application.


41/104

TOPIC NOTES

5.19 Hand GuardThe recess on the upper edge of Rigid Handcuffsthat keeps the officer's hand clear of the bow as itswings around during application of the cuffs.

5.20 High Contact BowA flat face swing-through locking mechanism thatprovides better positioning on the subject's wrists.The flat surface engages the round portion of thesubject's wrist allowing a better purchase andmore positive application of the restraint bypreventing the bow from slipping to one side ofthe wrist or the other.

5.21 Hinge Cuff

Tactical Handcuffs which are joined by stainlesssteel links with four pivot points. Hinge Handcuffsprovide improved control of the subject.

5.22 KeywayA beveled key access port that is blocked by anintegral security post.

5.23 Lock Bar (Pawl)A pivoting retention mechanism with one-directionsteel teeth that allow the mating surfaces on thebow to swing through the frame in one direction

while preventing movement in the opposite.

5.24 Lock SetA unitized insert that contains the lock bar (pawl)and double lock indicator.

5.25 Loosen & LockThe design of ASP restraints allows a cuff thattests too tight to be loosened and double lockedwithout removing the key from the Lock Set.

5.26 Lowered Strike Force

The orientation disk on Rigid Handcuffs for left-handed officers.

5.27 MainspringThe pressure mechanism that locks the bridge ofRigid Handcuffs in place.

5.28 Orientation DiskThe feature on a Rigid Handcuff near the bowguides which contacts the thumb to confirm

2


42/104

TOPIC NOTES

proper orientation of the cuff. A raised StrikeForce for right-handed and a lowered Strike Forcefor left-handed officers.

5.29 Out the BackRigid Handcuffs may be applied from the inside oroutside to the subject's right or left hand.Whatever the position of application, the cuffshould extend from the back of the subject's hand.

5.30 Palm SwellThe center section of the Rigid Handcuffs that israised to fill the palm of the hand and provideincreased control of the cuff.

5.31 Pawl (Lock Bar)A pivoting retention mechanism with one-directionsteel teeth that allow the mating surfaces on thebow to swing through the frame in one directionwhile preventing movement in the opposite.

5.32 Pivot BushingA precision machined structure that provides forsmooth rotation of the bow through the frame.

5.33 Polymer TechnologyThe use of advanced thermoplastics to achieve

design criteria not possible with traditionalengineering materials.

5.34 Pop Place PullThe process of applying Tri-Fold Restraintsconsisting of opening the folded restraint, placingit on the wrists of the subject and pulling theremovable Tri-Fold Ring.

5.35 PresentationThe process of removing handcuffs from theircarrier and positioning them in the hand prior to

application.

5.36 PurchaseThe contact surface of the handcuff as it rests onthe wrist prior to application.

5.37 Raised Strike ForceThe orientation disk on Rigid Handcuffs for right-handed officers.

28


43/104

TOPIC NOTES

5.38 Ratchet TeethSingle direction retention surfaces on the face ofthe bow which mate with the locking bar (pawl)and maintain the engagement of the bow within

the frame.

5.39 Reaction Side

The side of the officer's body that is bladedclosest to the subject. Handcuffs are commonlyworn on the Reaction Side.

5.40 Reinforcing RibsComputer calculated structural geometries thatdramatically increase the strength of thehardened stainless steel frame.

5.41 RestraintsA generic term that encompasses Tri-FoldDisposable, Chain, Hinge and Rigid Handcuffs.

5.42 Rigid CuffsTactical Handcuffs which open and lock into afixed position. Rigid cuffs allow the officer tocontrol and restrain a subject.

5.43 Rock & Lock

The ASP system for applying Tactical Restraints.

5.44 Roll Back

Linear pressure applied in direct alignment withthe arm to stabilize the subject on the ground ormove the arm into position for application of thesecond cuff.

5.45 Roller LocThe proprietary retention mechanism used inASP Tri-Fold Restraints.

5.46 Security Post

An integral blocking structure that preventscommon objects from entering the handcuffkeyway.

5.47 Single Lock

The mechanism which prevents the bow frombeing removed while allowing it to be ratchetedtighter.

2


44/104

TOPIC NOTES

5.48 Soft BatonA foam padded training baton with a grip thatmatches the diameter and texture of the ASPTactical Baton.

5.49 StabilizationThe positioning of a subject's hands in a mannerthat allows rapid application of restraints.

5.50 Stacking

The positioning of one hand above another (palmup in back, palm down in front) to provide moresecure low profile control of a subject.

5.51 Subject ControlThe positioning of a resisting individual so theyare no longer a threat to the officer or the public.

5.52 SwivelA precisely machined, smooth rotating stainlesssteel connecting mechanism for the handcuffchains.

5.53 Swivel CollarA precision machined heavy walled reinforcingstructure for the chain swivel.

5.54 Tactical HandcuffA Patent Pending ASP design that incorporatesan overmolded stainless steel frame, replaceableLock Set, dual-sided keyway, radiused edges,high visibility double lock indicator, one-directionunlock, lightweight, high contact bow, wide rangeof locking positions and ultra smooth action.

5.55 Tri-Fold Disposable Restraints

Disposable restraints which are designed for onetime use. Rapidly applied, Tri-Fold restraints allowidentification during mass arrests.

5.56 UlnaThe large bone on the side of the wrist. Restraintsshould be applied between this bone and the flareof the hand.

5.57 Weapon SideThe dominant side of the officer's body. The sidewhere the firearm is most often worn. The ASPBaton is commonly worn on the Weapon Side.

30


45/104

TOPIC NOTES

5.58 Wedge Lock DesignAn ever-changing arc that is derived from theconical diameter of the ASP Tactical Handcuff.This conical geometry allows a wider range of

locking positions to secure large subjects as wellas juveniles and women with use of the samerestraint.

(A complete list of ASP Training Terms is included in Appendix C.)

3

NOTE

Gross Motor Skills offer important advantages topolice officers. They require less instruction time,reduce refresher time and have a high level ofretention. Gross Motor Skills are also more likely tobe performed during times of high stress and are

more forgiving.


46/104


47/104

TOPIC NOTES

SECTION 6: TRAINING FORMAT

6.01 Floor Dynamics

The training environment is vital to the safety of classparticipants. Floor space needs to be free of obstructionsand constructed of a material suitable for TacticalRestraint training. Adequate space is also vital to safety.One hundred square feet per student is recommended. Aclass of 20 students requires approximately 2,000 squarefeet of usable floor space, free of obstructions.

6.02 Warm-Up & Warm-Down

All ASP training sessions should be preceded by anadequate routine for warming and stretching the body.

The ASP Warm-Up (Daily Dozen) can greatly reducemuscle strains, pulls and tears. (See Overhead G)

Warm-Up exercises should emphasize flexibility andagility without bouncing or jerking. Special care shouldbe taken to guard against neck, lower back and kneeinjuries.

The Warm-Up should be repeated after extendedperiods of lecture or other breaks in the training such asmeals.

The post activity Warm-Down should be done beforeallowing the body to cool. The last six components of theDaily Dozen will help the body remove the chemical by-products of strenuous activity and will reduce follow-onstiffness and soreness.

The ASP Warm-Up is included in Appendix D of thismanual.

6.03 Progressive Training

ASP training teaches new skills in a progressiveformat of discussion, demonstration and practice.

Repetition during practice drills goes from basic skillinstruction to dynamic simulation.

6.03a Skill Discussion

The technique is explained by the Trainer whoprovides an overview of the skill and of the tacticalenvironment in which the technique will beutilized.

3


48/104

TOPIC NOTES

34

6.03b Skill DemonstrationThe technique is demonstrated with particularemphasis on the need which the skill meets.

6.03c Skill PracticeThe technique is repeated to a level of mastery.Drills progress from static, sequential movementsto simulations with a high level of fidelity.

6.04 Practice Sequences

ASP Tactical Restraint techniques are taught using afour-part progressive format designed to ensure that allparticipants gain competency during training sessions.

Each of the four segments is structured to set adeliberate pace of instruction. No more than eight (8)repetitions should be done by any student during a drillsequence before switching sides. No technique shouldhave more than three components. The four types oftraining drills are:

6.04a By the Numbers: The first part of the formatbreaks the various techniques into individualsteps of movement. The techniques arepresented in a 1-2-3 sequence as an introductionto the skill.

6.04b Slow for Form: This intermediate step allows thetechniques to be executed as a system ofmovement but concentrates on form, not power orspeed, in delivery.

6.04c Full Speed and Power: The third part of thetraining sequence incorporates the previoussegments and adds the necessary dimensions ofspeed and power in the execution of ASPtechniques.

6.04d Simulation: The final segment of the ASP

training format provides realistic, job-related,dynamic use of the ASP Tactical Restraints undersituations of stress which approximate operationaluse of the weapon during a confrontation.

(Handcuff Training Drills are outlined in Appendix E.)


49/104

TOPIC NOTES

6.05 Training Equipment

6.05a Training Bags

ASP Training Bags were specifically designed forCountermeasures, baton and restraint instruction.Hold the safety bag tightly against the body. TheReaction Hand goes through the support strapand grips the handle. The Weapon Hand grips the

upper part of the support strap.

Each bag offers a visual cue to correct use. TheASP on the front and back of the bag will beupright for a right-handed officer. They will beupside down for left-handed officers. This systemalerts Instructors and other officers to left-handedstudents or those who position their bagsincorrectly during training drills.

6.05b Training BatonsThe soft baton is utilized in pairs to allow rapid

repet i tive practice of ASP Rock & Locktechniques.

6.06 Drill Formations

There are five basic formations from which ASPtechniques are practiced. These training formats providerepetition that enhances muscle memory. They developskills to a level of competency. They increaseperformance under the stress of a confrontation.

3


50/104

TOPIC NOTES

36

6.06a Line: Students are placed in two lines facingeach other with one student serving as thesubject and the other student being the officer.

This formation allows the Instructor to look downone line as the technique is performed and seeeach students movement. Instructors mustclearly identify the lines so that each student willknow what role they are playing at all times.

6.06b Wheel: Students are placed into two circles, oneinside the other. The inner circle faces outwardtoward the second circle and plays the role ofattacker. The outer circle faces inward and playsthe role of the officer. The outer circle is directedto move to the right, away from the attacker,shielding the firearm after each technique. Thisformation exposes each student to a wide varietyof partners. Wheel training is aerobic andemphasizes dynamic movement.

6.06c Post: Students with Training Bags are placed atalternating locations throughout the length of thetraining room. Students perform a specifiedtechnique moving in a zig-zag pattern betweenbags.

6.06d Circle: Circle drills involve the entire class.Students form a circle holding the training bags. Asingle student enters the circle and will performtechniques that have been learned againstopponents with training bags or training suits.

This drill requires officers to utilize bodymechanics and restraint techniques in a dynamicsetting.

6.06e Three Minute: Simulation training is providedthrough use of Training Bags. One student serves

as the subject. A second is the officer. A thirdstudent serves as safety coach and motivator.The drill is run for three minutes with a minuterest. The officer, bag holding subject and safetycoach then trade places for another threeminutes. At the end of each three minute drill, thesubject is taken to the ground, stabilized andrestrained.


51/104

TOPIC NOTES

6.07 Verbalization

The verbal exchange in any confrontation is veryimportant. Verbalization aids the subject in

understanding exactly what is expected by the officer. Italso provides bystanders with a perspective of what theofficer is trying to do. Law enforcement personnel shoulddocument their verbalization in reports regardless of theirsuccess in controlling the subject by dialogue.

Verbalization practice during training is as critical to asuccessful program as the physical skills being learned.Officers must be trained to turn bystanders intowitnesses.

6.08 Stances

Stances (Interview or Combat) are determined by thelevel of threat encountered by the officer. Students aretaught stances while in a line formation. Care should betaken during Redirection so that students are not pushedor thrown into objects in the training room.

6.08a Interview: The Interview Stance is designed tobe a natural, comfortable way for officers to standat all times. All ASP techniques begin from theInterview Stance.

A correct Interview Stance results in the pyramiddiscussed in Section 4. Balance, power and rapidresponse are possible from a correct InterviewStance. The position is consistent with theWeaver Shooting Stance.

Stand a minimum of two times (2x) the officersarm length from the subject. This Safe Separationprovides time to recognize and react to an attack.The officer has a strong pyramid. The body isbladed to the subject with the Weapon Side of thebody away.

3

Make me a witness

Tell subjects what you want them to do.


52/104

TOPIC NOTES

38

6.08b Combat: The Combat Stance is designed tomaximize the potential for control while placingthe officer in the best defensive position. Thestance sends a strong visual message to thesubject that the officer is prepared for possible

aggression.

The relationship of the feet in the Combat Stanceis the same as in the Interview Stance. The feetare slightly wider and the overall stance is deeper.

The Reaction Hand is at eye level with the elbowbent protecting the upper body. The WeaponHand holds the restraints at shoulder level.

6.09 Reaction Hand Defense

The Reaction Hand is the first line of defense againstattack. The reflexive response of the Reaction Hand canprevent a sudden assailant from disabling the officer. Italso creates distance and checks or redirects anassailants attack.

In all ASP techniques, the Reaction Hand is kept upto protect the face. Avoid swinging the arm out, awayfrom the body, to meet an assault. An outstretchedReaction Hand leaves the body open to additionalassault.

The Interview Stance

1. Feet approximately shoulder width apart

2. Knees slightly bent, not locked

3. Reaction Leg forward

4. Weapon Leg back with foot angled atabout 45

5. Reaction Hand up to protect the faceand guard the upper body

6. Weapon Hand slightly raised a

AIC - Tactical Handcuffs.pdf

Documents

Transcript of AIC - Tactical Handcuffs.pdf