Agroforestry for sustainable food and nutrition security ... · Faidherbia albida increases maize...
Transcript of Agroforestry for sustainable food and nutrition security ... · Faidherbia albida increases maize...
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Prepared by: Eshetu Yirdaw
University of Helsinki 4 June 2014, Kuopio
Agroforestry for sustainable food and nutrition security in Africa
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Definition of agroforestry
Agroforestry and food production
Agroforestry and nutrition
Agroforestry and livestock
Agroforestry and sustainability
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Contents:
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Definition
Agrofoerstry is a collective name for land use systems and practices where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos) are deliberately used on the same land management unit as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. In agroforestry systems there are both ecological and economic interactions between woody and non-woody components (Lundgren and Raintree 1982).
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Trees outside forests - Farm forestry Source: Simons 2013
Agroforestry systems in Africa
Agroforestry systems in Africa may range from open parkland assemblages to structurally and floristically diverse homegardens
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Agroforestry and food production
Spatial arrangement improved (light, water, nutrients better utilized)
5 Agroforestry system in Gedeo, Ethiopia Source: Mesele 2008
Root systems of crops and trees occupy different soil strata
Root systems of sorghum and Acacia senegal occupy different soil strata. Sudan, N Kordofan. A. Gaafar Mohamed.
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Agroforestry and food production
Larger leaf area => higher photosynthesis
Windbreak, reduced wind speed
Provision of shade -microclimate improved
Support trees (for black pepper, vanilla, yams etc.)
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Boundary planting: 3 Year Senna siamea
Source: www.uni-graz.at
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Agroforestry and food production
Provision of habitats for pollinators and pest predators
Higher aggregate production
Crop failure risk decreases
Stable crop production system
in extreme weather conditions
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Chagga homegardens in Tanzania. Source: Hemp 2008
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Agroforestry and soils
Nitrogen-fixing trees and crops
”Pumping” of nutrients
Pollarding, mulch and green manure possible
Increased soil organic matter
promote recycling of nutrients
Soil erosion control
Soil physical and chemical properties improved
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Faidherbia albida increases maize yields (Tanzania). ICRAF
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Maize yield grown in association with Faideherbia albida was reported to increase from 6% to more than 200% (Garrity et al. 2010).
Agroforestry and food production
Maize yields in five districts in Malawi. Source: Jamnadass et al. 2013.
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Cultivation of maize with Gliricidia in Malawi. Source: Simons 2010
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Agroforestry: sorghum and karkadeh (Hibiscus sabdariffa) with A. senegal. Sudan, N Darfur. A.Gaafar Mohamed.
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Agroforestry and nutrition
Exotic and indigenous fruits cultivated and managed in agroforestry systems are important foods in Africa
Mixture of fruit trees that
spread production provide a year-round supply of important nutrients (FAO 2013)
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Source: http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/
Avocado tree. Source: http://blog.worldagroforestry.org
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Agroforestry and nutrition
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Tree species Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Avocado
Citrus
Parinari curateliifolia
Mangoes
Uapaca kirkiana
Strychnos cocculoides
Syzygium cordatum
Annona senegalensis
Azanza garckeana
Flacourtia indica
Vangueria infausta
Vitex doniana
Adansonia digitata
Ziziphus mauritiana
At least one species is ripe every month. Source: Simmons 2013
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Agroforestry and livestock
Livestock is a major component of agricultural systems in semi-arid tropics
Trees provide shade for the livestock
Leaves or pods of woody species may serve as fodder
Growing fodder trees and shrubs in agroforests may increase milk production
Savannah grazing ,Ethiopia. Source Mesele 2014.
Source: http://www.esgpip.com/
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Socio-economic advantages of AF
More income sources
More products (for subsistence and cash)
Nutrition improved
Investment and labour advantages
Crop diversity and reduced risk (price
fluctuation)
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Disadvantages
Competition with crops
Potential for accelerated nutrient loss
Mechanical damage from cultivation and
harvest
Crop damage by domestic animals
Allelopathy
Habitat or alternative hosts for pests
The relatively long production period of trees
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Agroforestry systems and sustainability
Source: Simons 2010
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Agroforestry systems and sustainability
Maintenance of soil fertility and suitable soil physical properties
Low external input
Avoidance or reduction of soil degradation
Increased resilience to a variety of risks
Increased resilience to climate change
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Thank you!