Agroforestry and ecosystem based adaptation
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Transcript of Agroforestry and ecosystem based adaptation
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Ecosystem-Based Adaptation
• Reducing Exposure to Shocks • Reducing Sensitivity to Shocks• Increasing Coping Capacity
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The almost complete removal of trees results in increased wind velocity at ground level and increased severity of dust storms.
Reducing exposure to shocks
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Ranawa, Burkina in 2001
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Aerial view of a parkland dominated by Faidherbia in Niger
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Increasing coping capacity1. Enterprise risk diversification2. Enhanced asset base available to liquidate for cash
sales2. Enhanced ruminant livestock fodder resources during droughts3. Reduced health shock sensitivity: Fruit and vegetable foods from trees
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Key recommendations for
Ecosystem-Based Adaptation
Semi-Arid Zone: Dominated by agropastoral systems1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration of trees on croplands
2. Assisted Natural Regeneration in community grazing and forest lands 1. Community-based grazing land (eg Ngitili inTanzania)2. Watershed-based exclosures (mainly Ethiopia)3. Management of existing woodlands
3. Tree crops for cash products1. Shea, cashew, various fruits, honey2. Fodders
4. Wood products – regeneration and planting Timber/poles; Firewood/energy
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Key message § Many tree based adaptation investments are
highly profitable and are projected to remain so
o Require relatively little labor, and diversify income streams (fruits, timber, tree crops, etc).
o Waiting period…but fodder systems, fertilizer trees, grafted fruits give significantly benefits early
o Integrating high-value trees into mono-cropped systems
o Reduced risk through diversification
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Key message § Many tree based systems are very important for
providing environmental services and restoring landscapes
o Fertilizer trees in parkland systems provide food security and ecosystem services.
o Carbon sequestration, biodiversity, water infiltration and soil structure, nutrient recycling, OM content.
o Possible tradeoffs –select appropriate species for particular situation