Agrobiodiversity for people's livelihoods in central asia
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17 March 2011Maccarese, Italy
Agrobiodiversity for people's livelihood
in Central Asia
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Central Asia
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• The Region by N.I. Vavilov is one of centres of origin and domestication of globally important crops:
- Cereals- Vegetables- Fruit trees- Forages
Agrobiodiversity
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•Drought (150-200 mm of annual precipitation) in combination with high air temperature (+45oC) and lack of water resources
•Soil Salinity (50% in Uzbekistan)
•Drying of the Aral Sea
•Agriculture and non-wood forest products contributes about 30% of the Region’s economy
•Wheat and cotton are the major agricultural commodities
Constrains in Agriculture Development
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• Lack of arable lands (0.8 ha/capita in average)
• Low soil fertility (40% of organic matters is withdrawn every year)
• Lack of fertilizers ( reduce by 73%)
• Transition from large collective farms to small individual farms
• Lack of small mechanization
• Poor seed production system(governments support only cotton and
wheat)
Constrains in Agriculture Development
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Partner CountriesPartner Countries
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
ObjectivesObjectives
• Conservation of the unique high diversity of wild and cultivated fruit species in CA
• Enhancement of farmers’ production and livelihood strategies
Project “In Situ/On farm Conservation and Use of Agrobiodiversity in Central
Asia”
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1. Policy and legislation: Providing options to policy-makers for strengthening legal and policy frameworks; increase awareness on agrobiodiversity value
2. Knowledge and methodologies: Assessing, documenting and managing local varieties of horticulture crops and wild fruit species in a sustainable way;
3. Capacity building: across all relevant aspects to strengthen diversity conservation at local, national and regional levels.
4. Collaboration and partnership: Promote broad stakeholder participation in agrobiodiversity management to ensure sustainability project activities
Project Components
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Target Crops
• Apple
• Apricot
• Almond
• Grapevine
• Pear
• Pistachio
• Pomegranate
• Fig
• Walnut
• Mulberry
• Sea-buckthorn&Currant
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Increased knowledge
• Distribution and diversity level
• Planting material multiplication (seed) system
• Management (conservation and use) practices
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Increased knowledgeDiversity level:
In situ – Promising forms
• Walnut (Juglans regia) – 28
• Pistachio (Pistacia vera) – 19
• Apple (Malus sieversii) – 27
• Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) – 11
• Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) -16
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Diversity level:
On farm – local varieties
• Grapevine - 160
• Apple – 145
• Apricot – 143
• Pear – 32
• Pomegranate – 26
• Mulberry – 15
Increased knowledge
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Increased knowledge
65 demonstration plots in farmers’ orchards (430 local varieties):
• Kazakhstan – 12
• Kyrgyzstan -7
• Tajikistan -14
• Turkmenistan – 10
• Uzbekistan - 22
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• Kazakhstan – 11
• Kyrgyzstan -7
• Tajikistan - 9
• Turkmenistan – 10
• Uzbekistan - 16
Increased knowledge54 nurseries (800, 000 saplings annually)
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Richness of Fruit tree varieties in Central Asia (5 countries)
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Total number of Fruit tree varieties used (or the pool of available fruit tree diversity) in different production management spaces in Central Asia (5 countries)
almon
d
apric
ot
apple
grap
epe
ar
pista
chio
pom
egra
nate
walnut
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Traditional
overall
orchard
home garden
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Mean household richness (all varieties) in Home Gardens and Orchards
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Household Richness vs EvennessAbove the line:
Higher dominance with much richness at low frequencies:
Below the line:
More even frequency distribution of fruit varieties:
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Capacity Building
Target groups:
• Farmers and local communities
• Researchers and instructors
• Policy makers
• Forest officers
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Capacity Building5 Regional Training Centres:
• Kazakhstan – Socio-economic studies
• Kyrgyzstan – Walnut GR
• Tajikistan – Apricot GR
• Turkmenistan – Pomegranate
• Uzbekistan – Molecular Markers
8 National Training Centres
Annually:
• 300 farmers and forest dwellers
• 30 researchers and policy makers
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Partnership and collaboration
• Collaboration and partnership between scientists and farmers
• Collaboration among farmers (Farmers’ Association)
• Collaboration between countries in the region
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Strengthened PolicyIn situ Conservation:
• Proposals on establishment and extension of protected areas
• Wild fruit species are included in the List of valuable wood species of national Forest Codes
• Law “Conservation of crop genetic resources” in Tajikistan
• Law “Conservation of plant genetic resources” in Kazakhstan
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Strengthened PolicyOn farm Conservation:
• Government’s subsidies to the farmers, growing fruit crops in Kazakhstan
• Programme on supporting fruits and grapes production in Uzbekistan
Farmers’ Rights:
• Roster of local varieties of fruit crops and farmers-custodians of these varieties in Uzbekistan
• Proposal on patenting farmers’ varieties of fruit crops in Tajikistan
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Strengthened PolicyAccess and sharing benefits in free and restricted access :
Model Agreements:
• Planting material and germplasm of local varieties of fruit crops maintained in demonstration plots and nurseries
• Fruit crops cultivation and management technologies
• Traditional knowledge of farmers
• Information on distribution and diversity level
• Training manuals
• Policy recommendations
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Public AwarenessPA materials:
• Leaflets and posters
• Articles in papers and journals
• TV and radio interviews, press conferences, mass media tours
• Round table discussions with farmers and local authorities
• Agro-theatre performances
• Video-films on the project crops and farmers-custodians
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THANK YOU