Agriscience Applications Biotechnology The Beginning… In your notebook write a definition for...
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Transcript of Agriscience Applications Biotechnology The Beginning… In your notebook write a definition for...
Agriscience Applications
Biotechnology
The Beginning…
In your notebook write a definition for biotechnology
The Beginning…
Life or living
Application of science to an industrial or
commercial objective
According to Merriam-Webster…Main Entry:
– bio·tech·nol·o·gy Function:
– noun Date:
– 1941 1: the manipulation (as through genetic
engineering) of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually commercial products (as pest resistant crops, new bacterial strains, or novel pharmaceuticals) ; also : any of various applications of biological science used in such manipulation
History
Biotechnology has been around since the beginning of time– Yeast to make bread rise– Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut– Bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt– Transform grain into alcohol
Biotechnology
Silage– Used for animal feed– Green grasses and grains stored in air
tight containers– Converts sugars and starches to acids
The Genetic Connection
Genetics– Biology of heredity
• Transmission of characteristics from an organism to its offspring through genes in reproductive cells
– Gregor Mendel• Experimented with garden pea plants
The Genetic Connection
Genes– Components of cells that determine
individual characteristics of all living things
– Comprised of DNA• The “Blueprint” of cells and their
successive cells
The Genetic Connection
Animal Cell
The Genetic Connection
Gene Mapping– Matching a gene to a trait
• Determines what gene is responsible for certain traits
Examples:– Tendency of baldness– Tendency of females to have twins– Height of plants
Application of Biotechnology
DNA Matching– Identifying the parents of offspring
Genetic engineering– Early 1980’s– Modifies the genetic make-up of
animals and plants• Movement of genetic information (genes)
from one cell to another
Products of Genetic Engineering
Insulin• Treats diabetes
Herbicide resistant crops BST (bovine somatotrapin)
• Increases milk production
Lee-minus• Bacteria that retards frost formation on
plants
Convert waste to fuel
Objective
Explore the structure of DNA as it is related to examples of agricultural plants and animals
DNA
Found in all living cells
All DNA is similar in structure and function– transmitter of
heredity information
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid Come in pairs of strands
– connected by bases Shape
– double helix
DNA in Genetics
Gene Splicing– Removing and inserting genes into
DNA– Alters a given characteristic
Examples:– Alter a plants susceptibility to disease– Make a plant resistant to insects– Alter bacteria to increase meat
production
Gene Mapping
The process of finding and recording the location of genes
Recombinant DNA Improves animal and plant performance
by manipulation– Alter microorganisms– Control
• disease• insects• weeds• pest
– Less use of chemicals more biological control• better for the environment
Concerns
Federal and state governments monitor use
Extensive testing– Laboratory to the greenhouse– Final testing is occurs outdoors prior
to final approval Final approval only after all phases
are completed
Assignment
Organize a discussion group with two other people.
Explore four benefits and concerns of biotechnology
Record your benefits and concerns in your notes with an explanation
Provide the best solution for your concerns
Be ready to share your work