Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

Layout Major crops of Pakistan Minor crops of Pakistan Irrigated and un-irrigated area Agricultural inputs Role of agriculture in economic development of country Problems in agriculture sector

Introduction Contributes 20.9% to GDP Employs 44% of workforce Contributes more than 66% to export earnings Important role in development of country

Major & minor crops of Pakistan

Features of Pakistan Agriculture Climate Irrigation Land utilization


Sub sectors of Agriculture Crops Livestock Fisheries


Major & Minor Crops

Source: Ministry of Food

Food Crops Wheat Rice Maize Barley Gram

Cash Crops Cotton Sugarcane Tobacco Oil seed & vegetable oils

Wheat Principal food crop Contributes 3% to GDP Covers 8494 hectares


Area, Production & Yield of WheatYear 2002-03 2003-04 Area hectare 000 8034 8216 Production 000 tons 19183 19500 Yields Kgms/Hec. 2388 2375

2004-052005-06 2006-07 2007-08

83588448 8494 8414

2161221277 23520 21749

25682519 2769 2585


Additional Measures to Increase Wheat Yield Development of new high yielding varieties Production and distribution of certified seeds Timely sowing of seeds Timely availability of fertilizer Elimination of weed from seeds


Rice 2nd largest food crop Contributes 1.2% to GDP Accounts for 6.1% of total export earnings


Area, Production & Yield of RiceYear 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Area hectare 000 2225 2461 2519 2620 2581 2515 Production 000 tons 4478 4848 5025 5547 5438 5563 Yields Kgms/Hec. 2013 1970 1995 2116 2107 2211


Importance Basmati rice Pakistan 5th largest rice exporting country in the world


Cotton Most important cash crop of Pakistan Earns main foreign exchange Contributes 1.8% to GDP Golden & silver fiber of Pakistan Covers an area of 3054000 hectaresMajor & minor crops of Pakistan

Area, Production & Yield of RiceYear 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Area hectare 000 2794 2989 3193 3103 3075 3054 Production 000 bales 10211 10048 14265 13019 13000 11655 Yields Kgms/Hec. 622 572 760 714 712 649


Cotton production system 2006-07 Subsidy of Rs. 200 per bag of fertilizer Quick technology transfer through electronic media Availability of agricultural credit at doorsteps of farmers


Oil seed & Vegetable Oils Crops for oil rape, mustard seeds, sunflower, safflower, soybeans Fulfills 32 % of total requirement


Irrigated and un-irrigated areas of Pakistan:

Irrigation: Refers to the artificial application of water to the soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas during periods of inadequate rainfall.

Explanation: Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world

In 2007, the total cultivated area was estimated at almost 22.3 million hectares, or 75 percent of the cultivable area.

List of 1st 10 countries by irrigated land area:Rank 1 2 3 4 5 Country/Region India China United States Pakistan European Union Iran Irrigated land (km) 558,080 545,960 223,850 182,300 168,050 76,500 Date of information 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 est. 2003

67 8 9 10

MexicoTurkey Thailand Bangladesh Russia

63,20052,150 49,860 47,250 46,000

20032003 2003 2003 2003

Pakistans agricultural input: Three main inputs of Pakistan: 1. Forestry. 2. Livestock. 3. Fisheries.

1. Forestry: The total area of Pakistan is 80 million hectares. Less than 4% of land in Pakistan is covered with forests. The contribution of forestry to GDP is recorded at 2.2% in 2009-10.

Yield and demand of wood:

The forestry sector of Pakistan is a main source of timber and firewood extend over to 1.36 million hectares. Govt controlled forests produced 93,000 cubic meters timber and 263,000 cubic meter of firewood.

Impact of forests: Three main leads: 1. Productive roles. 2. Social role. 3. Protective role.

1. Productive roles:

2. Social role:

3. Protective role:

Strategy for development of forests: The govt launches various tree plantation programmes on state and private land twice a year. Govt is also paying attention to the development of sericulture and wildlife.

2. Livestock: It is an important source of essential items of human diet and draught power. Contribute 10 to 25% of income to small farmers. The leading daily newspaper jang reports that the national herd consists of 24.2 million cattle, 26.3 million buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million goats and 0.8 million camels. These animals produce 29.472 million tons of milk . The food and agriculture organization reported in June 2006 that Pakistan, is the world's fifth largest milk producing country.

poultry sector : there is a vibrant poultry sector in the country with more than 530 million birds produced annually.

Importance of livestock: Motor power. Nutritional food. Raw material. Contribution in exports. Contribution to GDP is 10.3% .

Livestock resources: Buffaloes Cattle Goats Poultry Camels Donkeys Horses mules

Problems of livestock: Due to increase in population the size of land holding is gradually being reduced. The slaughter of various livestock is on increase in spite of the fact that the prices of meat have gone up considerably. Difficult to keep the animals in cities.

Development strategy of livestock in Pakistan: New livestock development policy has been approved , this will help in bringing radical changes in current livestock production system. 80% of total cattle population is improved through cross breeding For promotion of livestock and poultry govt has given fiscal incentives for import of necessary equipments , food items and medicines.

3. fisheries: It plays an important role in national economy by reducing pressure on demand for mutton, beef and poultry. Contributes on an avg about 0.4% to total GDP and 1.3% to agriculture Main economic activity of the coastal bell of sindh and balochistan.

Improvisation in fisheries sector: Strengthening of infrastructure facilities. Introduction of aquaculture techniques. Improvement in post harvest techniques. Up gradation of economic conditions of the fishermen.

ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN

PROVIDES FOOD AND FIBRE: Provide wheat, rice, jute, cotton to the growing population of the country If fails, then it has an adverse effect on the country.

TRANSFER OF SURPLUS LABOUR: 45% of the labour force is employed in agriculture sector in Pakistan

PROVISION OF CAPITAL: it provides capital to meet the requirement of economic development.

EXPANSION IN DOMESTIC DEMAND: There is a rapid growth in demand both of farm good and industrial goods in rural and urban areas

SOURCE OF FOERIGN EXCHANGE EARNING:

CONTRIBUTION TO GROWTH: It provide raw materials as well as a market forindustrial goods

REVIEW OF THE PAST PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN IN THE FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN (1955-60) the targetsof increasing food grains production by 9% and cash crops from 15% to 33% were not achieved.

IN THE SECOND YEAR PLAN (1960-1965) the targetsof increasing food grains by 21% and cotton by 28% was almost achieved.

IN THE THIRD YEAR PLAN (1965-1970) the use ofadequate water and improved practices in the cultivation of crops raised the agriculture production from 6.2% in 1961-62 to 11.7% in 1967-68

CAUSES OF LOW PRODUCTIVITY OR AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS

GENERAL FACTORS: Over crowding in agriculture Natural factors Inadequate irrigation facilities Socio economic factors

INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS: Small size of holding Defective pattern of land tenure

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: high ratio of labour to land under utilization of cultivable land inadequate supply of inputs lack of mechanization lack of infrastructure abilities inadequate agricultural research

REFRENCES: www.undp.com www.wikipedia.org Economics Of Pakistan, Saeed, M Nasir

Agriculture Sector of Pakistan

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