Agriculture

Agriculture Sector

Inventory Training Workshop,

Agriculture Sector

7/72008

Khartoum

Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources

AgricultureAgricultural activities contribute directly to emissions of greenhouse gases through a variety of different processes. The main Source Categories are:

- Related to animal production:oEnteric fermentation oManure Management

- Related to cropping systems:oRice Cultivation oAgricultural Soils oPrescribed Burning of Savannas oField Burning of Agricultural Residues

• Anaerobic decomposition of organic material in flooded rice fields produces methane (CH4).

The amount emitted is a function of:• rice species, • number and duration of harvests, • soil type• temperature, • irrigation practices, and• fertiliser use.

Rice Cultivation

Methodology• Only one method provided• AD: harvested area by rice ecosystem and water

management type, use of organic amendments• Basic EF estimated for permanent flooding and

no organic amendments• Scaling of basic EF to account for crop practices,

multiple cropping, ecosystem type, water regime, addition of organic amendments, soil type

Rice Cultivation

• Country specific data (national statistics) on rice production and harvested area

• Alternate options:– FAO website:

http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc

• World Rice Statistics (e.g. IRRI, 1995)

Source of data

• The burning of savannas areas results in the instantaneous emissions of Non-CO2 trace gases

• N2O,

• CH4,

• CO and • NOx

Prescribed Burning of Savannas

• Methodology• Non-CO2 trace gas emissions from savannah burning may be

estimated through a series of simple calculations using either locally available data or defaults provided by the guidelines. Steps of calculation:

• Estimation of total biomass that actually burns• Estimation of proportion of living and dead biomass• Estimation of total carbon released• Estimation of non-CO2 trace gas emission from savannah burning

• Conversion of emission of carbon and nitrogen into N2O, CH4, CO and NOx

Prescribed Burning of Savannas

• Source of data: • No routinely published data on the amount of

savannah burned, but there are:• several assessment papers. • The FAO Forest Resource Assessment 1990: Tropical

Countries (FAO 1993) provides country estimates of savanna (grassland) area and

• The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual provides additional references.

• Country specific data

Prescribed Burning of Savannas

• On-site burning of crop residues results in the of Non-CO2 gases (N2O, CH4, CO and Nox)

• In order to avoid double counting it is important to produce a mass balance of the crop residues,

• defining and estimating the different final uses of the crop residues (fuel, feed, building materials etc.)

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

• Methodology• The method of calculation is similar to

prescribed burning of savannas

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Source of data: • Annual crop production statistics by country for most

of the crops from which residues are burned may be found in FAO Production Year Books.

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

covers N2O emissions only from

Direct N2O emissions:

•use of fertilizers and manure,• crop residues returned to soil,• N-fixing crops, •Cultivation of histosols Direct N2O emissions: 3 sources:

(a)volatilization and deposition of N in fertilizers/manure;(b)leaching and run-off of applied fertilizers/manure; (c) discharge of human sewage into rivers or estuaries

Agricultural Soils

Methodology

N2O = N2O DIRECT + N2O INDIRECT

Agricultural Soils

Source of data:All input data can be obtained from FAO databases

Agricultural Soils

Agriculture

Thank you