Agra's Colour Atlas of

Medicinal Plants

Narayan Das Prajapati Dr. S. S. Purohit

~~~ ~

Agrobios (India)

Narayan Das Prajapati Member, National Medicinal Plants Board Department of Indian System of Med icine & Homeopathy Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi

Dr. S.S. Purohit Ex-Head, Department of Botany, Dungar College, Bikaner

Published-by:

Agrobios (India) Agro House, Behind Nasrani Cinema Chopasani Road, Jodhpur 342 002 Phone: 91 -0291-2642319, Fax: 2643993 E. Mail: agrobios@sify.com

1'11 Agrobias (India)

© AGROBIOS INDIA First Published, 2003 All Tights reserved. No part of the book or part thereof. including the title of the book, be reprinted in any Jann or language without the written pennission of the author and the publishers. The copyists shall be prosecuted

ISBN: 81-7754-172-2

Rs. 1595.00 I US$ 100.00

Published by: Dr. Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India). Jodhpur Laserty{Jeset at: Yashee Computers, Jodhpur Cover and Plates Design by: Shyam Printed at: Shyam Printing Press, Jodhpur

_______ Preface

Around 5000 years before the Indian System of Medicine has given the message of Sarve santu niramayah. It shows the broad vision of our sages since ancient time.

The Traditional Medicine is practiced in virtually all countries of WHO's South-East Asia Region. Even in smaller countries such as Bhutan and Maldives, the science and the art of traditional medicine has been practised through the ages . Traditional Medicine practitioners in the Region have provided valuable health care and have evolved with time. The recently published WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy has addressed these issues and provides a comprehensive framework for countries to develop their traditional medicine sector. The strategy advocates the formulation of a policy by the state as the first component of developing traditional medicine. At present India is one of the few countries developing such a policy and it is a logical and welcome outcome of the centuries of traditional medicine in the country.

Medicinal plants and Ayurveda are popularizing globally. The Ayurvedic dietetics and life style requires to be propagated for physical and mental well-being. In ancient days the villagers had good knowledge of healthy life style and dietetics in different seasons and common remedies. The grand mothers were passing this knowledge from generation to generation. To make Ayurveda more acceptable in various parts of the world, enrichment of this science by philosophical and spiritual dimensions of the related region will also be supportive.

Recent advances in science and technology can't be ignored and there is a need to utilize this knowledge to enrich the ancient science of life- Ayurveda which can be supported by the available scientific parameters. The action of the drug evaluated on dosha and dushya can also be substantiated with bio-chemical parameters. Medicinal plants are of the importance need research for tackling old and new problems emerging day by day. The treatment of many new diseases can be found out in Ayurveda and other traditional medicines existing in different parts of the world. For globalizion of Ayurveda, standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic drugs are basic requirements for which responsibility lies on the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical industries. For this purpose it is necessary to know about medicinal plants. The plants are available in nature, the local people know their names, but unable to identify them. Agro·s Colour Atlas of Medicinal Plants, will be useful for farmers , nursery men, growers, pharmaceutical and ayurvedic herbal companies, extractors, exporters, importers , large and small-scale organic cultivaters, seed production companies, scientists of various research institutes, consultants, planters associations , herbal hospitals , etc .

We acknowledge our thanks to various sources from where the text material and photographs have been used.

We also thank to Dr. Updesh Purohit of Agrobios (India) for helping us in various ways.

Authors

_______ Contents ______ _

1. MEDICINAL PLANTS: AN OVERVIEW ............................................ 1 Future Strategy for Medicinal Plants ........... .... ..... ...... ...... .... ... ........... ...... .... ...... .. .. 2

Dhanvantari Loard of Ayurvedic Healing ........ .............. .... .............................. Plate A Krishna bringing the Parijata from Indra's heaven .... .... .. ........ ...... ................. Plate B The Churing of the Ocean of Milk ................ ...... .......... ... .. ............................. Plate B

PLATE: 1

1. Abelmoschus moschatus 2. Abies alba 3. Abroama augusta 4. Abrus precatorius 5. Abutilonfigarianum 6. Abutilon indicum

PLATE: 2

7. Acacia arabica 8. Acacia catechu 9. Acacia pycantha 10. Acalypha indica 11. Acanthus mollis 12. Acer campestris

PLATE: 3

13. Achyranthes bidentata 14. Achyranthesjaponica 15. Aconitumferox 16. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall 1 7. Aconitum koreanum 18. Acontium baifourii

PLATE: 4

19. Acorus calamus 20. Acorus gramineus 21 . Acounitum violaceum 22. Adansonia digitata

PLATE: 5

23. Adenanthera pavonia 24. Adenophora stricta

25. Adenophora triphylla 26. Adhatoda vasica 27. Adiantum capillus-veneris 28. Adonis vemalis 29. Aegle marmelos

PLATE: 6

30. Agastache rugosa 3 1. Agave americana 32. Ageratum conyzoides 33. Agrimonia pilosa 34. Agropyrun repens 35. Ailanthus altissima 36. Ailanthus altissima 37. Ajuga reptans

PLATE: 7

38. Akebia quinata 39. Alangium sa1viifolium 40. Albiziajulibrissin 41. A1bizia lebbeck 42. Alchemilla vu1garis

PLATE:8

43. Aleurites moluccana 44. Alisma orientalis 45. Alliaria petio1ata 46. Allium cepa 4 7. Allium ursinum 48. Alnus glutinosa

PLATE: 9

49. Alocassia macrorhiza 50. Aloe ferox

51. Aloe vera 52. Alphitonia zizyphoides 53. Alpinia calcarata 54. Alpinia galanga

PLATE: 10

55. Alpinia olficinaruTJ1 56. Alpinia oxyphylla 5 7. Alpinia purpurata 58. Alstonia scholaries 59. Althaea rosea

60. Amaranthus caudatus (red) 61. Amaranthus caudatus (yellow)

PLATE: 11

62. Amaranthus hypodriacus 63. Amaranthus retroflaxus 64. Ammi majus 65. Amomum krervanh 66. Amomum subulatum 67. Amygdalus cammunis dulcis 68. Anacardium occidentale

PLATE: 12

69. Anacyclus pyrethrum 70. Anacylus pyrethrum 71. Anagallis arvensis 72. Ananas comosus 73. Anchusa azurea 74. Andrographis paniculata

PLATE: 13

75. Anemarrhena asphodeloides 76. Anemone hepatica 77. Anemone nemorosa 78. Anemone pulsatilla

PLATE: 14

79. Anethum graveolens 80. Angeissus acuminata 81. Angelica archangelica 82. Angelica dahurica 83. Angelica gigas 84. Angelica sylvestris

PLATE: 15

85. Annona muricata 86. Antennaria dioica 87. Anthemis tinctoria 88. Anthemus nobilis

vi

89. Anthyllis vulneraria 90. Antirrhinum majus

PLATE: 16

91 . Apiumgraveolens 92. Aquilegia vulgaris 93. Arachis hypogaea 94. Aralia cordata 95. Arbutus unedo 9.l'L ~r.c.tLl.L_m... lo,._r:p:;,o,._

F'l.A n:: TT

97. Areca catechu 98. Argimone Maxcicana 99. Argyreia nervosa 100. Arisaema amurense

PLATE: 18

101. Aristolochia bracteolata 102. Aristolochia contorta 103. Aristolochia debilis 104. Aristolochia rotunda 105. Artemisia absinthium 106. Artemisia annua

PLATE: 19

107. Artemisia glacialis 108. Artemisia gmelini 109. Artocarpus altilis 110. Artocarpus heterophyllus 111. Arundo donax 112. Asarum europaeum 113. Asarum sieboldii

PLATE: 20

114. Asclepias curassavica 115. Asparagus cochinchinensis 116. Asparagus racemosus 117. Asphodelus albus 118. Asplenium ruta-muraria 119. Aster tataricus

PLATE: 21

120. Astragalus membranaceus 121. Astrantia major 122. Atractylodes japonica 123. Atractylodes lancea 124. Atractylodes macrocephala 125. Atropa belladonna

PLATE: 22

126. Aven-hoa carambola 127. Azadirachta indica 128. Bacopa monneiri 129. Balanites aegyptiaca

PLATE: 23

130. Baphicacanthus cusia 131. Barleria cristata 132. Barleria prionitis 133. Barringtonia asiatica 134. Bauhinia variegata 135. Belamcanda

PLATE: 24

136. Bellis perennis 137. Bergenia ciliata 138. Bergenia stracheyi 139. Betula pendula 140. Betula utilis 141. Bignonia catalpa

PLATE: 25

142. Bischofiajavanica 143. Bistorta manshuriensis 144. Bixa orellana 145. Bletilla striata 146. Boerhavia dilfusa 14 7. Boerhavia erecta 148. Bombax ceiba

PLATE: 26

149. Bombax malabaricum 1 SIJ. BDru.ssus j\a.d.e\\\)e1 151 . Bruceajavanica 152. Bruguiera gymnon-hiza 153. Brunella vulgaris 154. Bryonia cretica 155. Bupleurum chinense

PLATE: 27

156. Bupleurumfalcatwn 157. Buteafrondosa 158. Butea monospenna 159. Buxus sempervirens 160. Caesalpinia crista 161. Caesalpinia pulcherrima 162. Caesalpinia spinosa

vii

PLATE: 28

163. Calendula officinalis 164. Callicarpa macrophylla 165. Calluna vulgaris 166. Calophyllum inophyllum 167. Calophyllum inophyllum

PLATE: 29

168. Calotropis procera 169. Caltha palustris 1 70. Camellia sinensis 1 7 1. Cananga odorata 1 72. Cannabis sativa

PLATE: 30

1 73. Capparis decidua 174. Capparis spinosa 1 75. Capsicum annuum 176. Carduus marianus 1 77. Carica papaya 1 78. Carlina acaulis 1 79. Carpinus betulus

PLATE: 31

180. Carthamus tinctorius 181. Carum copticum 182. Cassia alata 183. Cassia angustifolia 184. Cassia auriculata

PLATE: 32

185. Cassiafrstula 186. Cassia tora

~B,\. C(\SS~t~\.Cl.f1.liJ'<JCTR(S 188. Castanea sativa 189. Casuarina equisetifolia

PLATE: 33

190. Catharanthus roseus 191. Cedrus deodara 192. Cedrus libani 193. Ceiba pentandra

PLATE: 34

194. Celosia argentea 195. Celosia cristata 196. Celtis australis 197. Centaurea centaurium 198. Centaurea cyanus

199. Centaureajacea 200. Centella asiatica

PLATE: 35

201. Cephalonploa segetum 202. Ceratonia siliqua 203. Cerbera manghas 204. Ceterach olficinarum 205. Chaenomeles sinensis 206. Chaenomeles speciosa

PLATE: 36

207. Chamomilla recutita 208. Cheiranthus cheiri 209. Chelidonium majus 210. Chenopodium bonus-henricus 211. Chloranthus joponicus 212. Chlorophytum borivilianum

PLATE: 37

213. Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium 214. Chrysanthemum coronarium 215. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 216. Chrysanthemum morifolium 217. Chrysanthemum parthenium 218. Cichorium intybus 219. Cichoriun intybus

PLATE: 38

220. Cichorum endivia 221. Cicjorium intybus 222. Cimicifugafoetida 223. Cimicifuga heracleifolia 224. Cimicifuga racemosa 225. Cinchona olficinalis 226. Cinnamomum cassia

PLATE: 39

227. Cinnamomum tamala 228. Cinnamomum verum 229. Cirsiumjaponicum 230. Cissampelos pareira 231. Cissus quadrangularis

PLATE: 40

232. Cistanche tubulosa 233. Citrullus colocynthis 234. Citrullus lanatus 235. Citrus aurantium 236. Citrus aurantium

viii

237. Citrus limon 238. Citrus medica Linn

PLATE: 41

239. Citrus reticulata 240. Citrus sinensis 241 . Citrus uns hiu 242. Clematis hexapetala 243. Clematis mandschurica 244. Clematis vitalba

PLATE: 42

245. Cleome gynandra 246. Clerodendrum serratum 24 7. Clitoria tematea 248. Cnicus benedictus

PLATE: 43

249. Cnidium olficinale 250. Coccinia grandis 251. Cocos nucif era 252. Codiaeum variegatum 253. Codonopsis pilosula 254. Co.ffea arabica

PLATE: 44

255. Coix lacrymajobi 256. Colchicum autumnale 257. Coleus barbatus 258. Coleus forskohlii 259. Colocasia esculenta 260. Commelina diffusa

PLATE: 45

261 . Commersonia bartramia 262. Commiphora wightii 263. Conium maculatum 264. Convallaria majalis 265. Convolvulus arvensis 266. Convolvulus microphyllus

PLATE: 46

267. Copsicumfrutescens 268. Coptis chinensis 269. Corchonus dipresces 270. Cordia subcordata 271. Cordy line fruticosa 272. Camus mas

PLATE: 47

273. Camus officinalis 274. Camus sanguinea 275. Corydalis temata 276. Corydalis yanhusuo 277. Corylus avellana 278. Costus speciosus 279. Countium kusnezoffii

PLATE: 48

280. Cmtaegus monogyna 281. Cmtaegus pinnatifida 282. Cmtaeva nurvala 283. Crinum asiaticum 284. Crithmum maritimum 285. Crocus sativus

PLATE: 49

286. Croton tiglium 287. Cucumis citrullus 288. Cucumis sativus 289. Cucurbita maxima 290. Cuminum cyminum 291 . Cupressus sempetvirens 292. Curcuma aromatica 293 . Curcuma longa

PLATE: 50

294. Cuscuta chinensis 295. Cuscuta epithymum 296. Cuscuta rejlexa 297. Cycas circinalis 298. Cydonia oblonga 299. Cynanchum ascyrijolium

PLATE: 51

300. Cynanchum atmtum 301 . Cynanchum wilfordii 302. Cynam scolymus 303. Cynodon dactylon 304. Cynoglossum officinale 305. Daphne mezereum 306. Datum innoxia 307. Datum Metal 308. Datum stmmonium

PLATE: 52

309. Datum suaveolens 31 0. Daucus carota 311. Davalliafyiensis

312. Decaspermumfructicosum 313. Dendrobium nobile 314. Dendrocalamus giganteus 315. Dendrocnide harveyi 316. Dianthus chinensis

PLATE: 53

31 7. Dianthus superbus 318. Dichroafebrifuga 319. Dictamnus albus 320. Dictamnus albus 321. Dictamnus dasycwpus 322. Digitalis lutea 323. Digitalis purpurea

PLATE: 54

324. Dioscorea bulbifera 325. Dioscorea opposita 326. Diosorea batatas 327. Diospyros kaki 328. Dipsacus jullonwn 329. Dolichos lablab 330. Drosem rotundifolia

PLATE: 55

331 . Dryopteris crassirhizoma 332. Dryopteris filix-mas 333. Ecballium elaterium 334. Echinops Latifolius 335. Echinops setifer 336. Echium vulgare 337. Eclipata prostmta

PLATE: 56

338. Elettaria cardamomum 339. Eleutherococcus sessilifiorus 340. Elsholtzia ciliata 341. Elsholtzia splendens 342. Elytmria acholis 343. Embelia ribes

PLATE: 57

344. Emblica o.ffcinalis 345. Enicostema hysopefolium 346. Ephedm gemrdiana 347. Ephedm sinica 348. Epilobium angustifolium

PLATE: 58

349. Epimedium koreanum

ix

Agros Colour Atlas of Medicinal Plants

Publisher : Agrobios Publications ISBN : 9788177541724Author : Purohit SS AndPrajapati ND

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