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Ages Slide 1 - cisd.org 1.pdfSlide 36 6. better recognition of reason & revelation, human & divine,...
Transcript of Ages Slide 1 - cisd.org 1.pdfSlide 36 6. better recognition of reason & revelation, human & divine,...
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Slide 1
The High Middle
Ages
1000-1200
Slide 2 I. Background
A. Social Order
1. Transformation from
Early Middle Ages
a. Resurgence of
cities—
independent
political authorities
Slide 3 b. Agricultural
improvements—
windmills, horse
collar, mills
c. Population growth
d. Revival of trade—
return of Crusaders
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Slide 4
Slide 5 2. Middle Class
a. Commercial class
b. Supported
monarchies that
supported them
c. Created centralized,
stabilized
administration
Slide 6 d. Began a
rudimentary
democracy
3. Feudal Monarchs &
Monarchies
a. Economic activity
resulting in need
for bureaucracy
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Slide 7 b. England
1) William the
Conqueror
(1066-87)—
greater
centralized
government
Slide 8
Slide 9 2) Henry I & Henry
II—common
law, royal
council,
exchequer
(treasury)
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Slide 10 c. France1) Phillip Augustus
(1180-1223)—strengthened legal system, tripled the size of France by taking back territories
Slide 11 2) Louis IX
(1215-
70)—
example
of
Medieval
Christian
virtue
Slide 12 4. Chivalry
a. Rigid class
system
b. Rule of clergy
c. Labor of serfs
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Slide 13 d. Shift from
masculine
feudalism to
feminine ethics in
personal conduct
resulting from
power of women in
absence of men
Slide 14 e. Eleanor of
Aquitaine (1122-
1204)—codes of
etiquette, “courts
of love,” a
glossing over of
illicit love affairs
Slide 15
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Slide 16 f. Service to women
which resulted in
loss of power
5. The Christian Church
a. Extreme power by
middle of 11th
century
Slide 17 b. Beginning of reform
movement to
address corruption
1) treatment of
bishoprics as
family property
2) marriage of
priests
Slide 18 3) “Investiture
conflict”—kings
appointing
senior clergy
6. St. Bernard of
Clairvaux (1090-1153)
and mysticism
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Slide 19 a. Fanatic leader of Cult of Mary Magdalene
b. Four states of love toward union with God
c. Humanization of saints
Slide 20 d. Leader in growth of
Cistercian order
Slide 21 7. The Crusadesa. Reasons
1) safety of pilgrims traveling to Turk liberated holy lands
2) removal of troublesome nobles
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Slide 22 b. First Crusade
1) call at Council of
Clermont (1095)
2) response of
thousands of
men, women, &
children
Slide 23
Slide 24 3) religious
enthusiasm
4) capture of
Jerusalem
through a
massacre
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Slide 25 5) route through
Hungary,
Greece,
Constantinople,
Syria, Nicea,
Asia Minor,
Edessa, and
Antioch
Slide 26
Slide 27 6) resulting in a
weak, indefensible control
c. Second Crusade—beginning in1147
1) quick defeat of European forces
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Slide 28 2) loss of
enthusiasm for
quest
Slide 29 3) Muslim
conquest of
Jerusalem
under Saladin
Oct. 3, 1187
ending 83 year
Christian rule
Slide 30 d. Third Crusade
1) arranged by
Henry II,
Richard, Phillip
Augustus of
France, and
Frederick
Barbarossa of
Germany
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Slide 31
Slide 32 2) beset with
disasters
3) major
accomplishment
was capture of
Acre after 2 year
siege
Slide 33 4) truce with
Saladin
arranged by
Richard to allow
pilgrims to visit
safely
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Slide 34 II. Philosophy and Theology of the High Middle Ages
A. Background
1. religious enthusiasm
2. burst of cultural
activities
3. revival of classical
studies
Slide 35 4. new “humanist”
element of devotion &
philosophy
5. new freedoms &
comforts
Slide 36 6. better recognition of
reason & revelation,
human & divine,
kingdom of heaven &
kingdom of Earth
B. Rise of universities
1. 12th century university
charters
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Slide 37
Slide 38 a. Oxford
Slide 39 b. Salamanca in Spain
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Slide 40 c. Bologna