Choose your kingdom! Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of England.
5 Kingdoms Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya.
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Transcript of 5 Kingdoms Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya.
5 Kingdoms
Kingdom Protoctista
Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Prokarya
Within each kingdom, species are further classified into groups based on similarities.
For example, the full classification of a human is:
Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata
Class - Mammalia Order - Primates
Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo
Species - sapiens
• Kingdom (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Prokaryotae (bacteria), Protoctista)
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family – always ends ‘ae’ or ‘ea’
• Genus – Italicised, capital letter
• Species – Italicised, lower case letter,
How are organisms classified?
The 5 Kingdoms
Within each group…
• Organism are classified by genus and species
Carcharodon carcharias
Genus – like a familyname
Species – individualname
Viruses
• Viruses don’t belong to any of the five kingdoms:
• They need to take over living cells to reproduce
• They are regarded as non-living
Phylum Chordates
• Chordates have a backbone (vertebrates).• Non-chordates do not have a backbone
(invertebrates).
Groups of vertebrates
ChordataBackbone
FishOviparous
Poikilotherms
BirdsOviparous
Homeotherms
MammalsViviparous
HomeothermsAmphibiansOviparous
Poikilotherms
ReptilesOviparous
Poikilotherms
Oviparous – lay eggsViviparous – give birth to their youngHomeotherms – keep their body temperature constantPoikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings
Vertebrate features
The 5 Classes of VertebratesName Main characteristics
Fish Have wet scales and gills, lay eggs in water.
Amphibians Have smooth, moist, permeable skin. Adults have lungs. They lay eggs in water.
Reptiles Have dry, scaly skin. Have lungs They lay leathery shelled eggs.
Mammals Have hair on their body and mammary glands that produce milk. Have lungs. They give birth to live young.
Birds Have feathers and a beak. Have lungs. They lay hard shelled eggs.
Kingdoms
Animal plant fungi
Phylum
Chordates(vertebrates)
Class
Mammal Fish Bird Reptile Amphibian
Non-chordates
(invertebrates)
protoctista prokaryotae
Class
Mammal
Viviparouss Homeotherms
Fish
Oviparous Poikilotherm
Bird
Oviparous Homeotherms
Reptile
Oviparous Poikilotherms
Ampibian
Oviparous Poikilotherms
Oviparous – lay eggsViviparous – give birth to their youngHomeotherms – keep their body temperature constantPoikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings
Absorbing oxygen?• Fish and young amphibians = gills• Mammals, birds, reptiles and adult amphibians = lungs
Reproduction?• Internal fertilisation – sperm meets egg inside the body =
mammals• External fertilisation – female lays eggs then male releases
sperm onto them = fish, amphibians
Maintaining Body temperature?• Homeotherms – keep body temperature constant by
releasing heat to their surroundings = mammals• Poikilotherms – body temperature changes with surroundings
= reptiles
Classifying vertebrates
Duck Billed Platypus – how would you classify it and why?
Species are organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Have Binomial Names eg Homo sapiens Felis catus
Exceptions1. Hybrids (cross between 2 different species) eg
horse and donkey = mule
2. Ring Species Sometimes there are a chain of neighbours that can all breed with their neighbour but the ones at either end can’t. These are called a ring species.
Species