Agenda Standard Macromolecules Graphic Organizer
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AGENDA Standard Macromolecules Graphic Organizer
Independent Group
Macromolecule Activity
STANDARD SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the
relationships between structures and functions in living cells. c. Identify the function of the four major
macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
MACROMOLECULES You will work on filling out information for
each of the macromolecules on your own. Spend about 20 minutes filling it out on your on, see
pages 59-63 (READ ) We will then go over them together to make
sure you’ve got it all.
INTRODUCTION All compounds can be classified into 2 broad
categoriges: Organic compounds – contain carbon and
hydrogen atoms Inorganic compounds – can have carbon or
hydrogen, but not both
MACROMOLECULES Most of your body’s molecules are organic
compounds Macromolecules are built from small organic compounds
the same way a railroad train is built, by linking a lot of smaller units together into long chains Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler
molecules called monomers (mono = one) Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules
known as polymers (poly = many) A polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind
forming large polymers called macromolecules (macro = large)
MACROMOLECULES Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical
reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis. During the formation of polymers, Water (H2O), is released or is by-product of the reaction.
The breakdown of some complex molecules, such as polymers, occurs through a process known as hydrolysis.Hydrolysis is the reverse of a condensation reaction. The
addition of water, to some polymers can break the bonds that hold them together.
CARBOHYDRATES Made up of C, H, and O. Monomer: saccharides Disaccharides are
made up of two saccharides, polysaccharides are made up of more than two.
Functions: Energy storage Structural components
of cells Cell recognition
LIPIDS Made up of C, H, O, and P Monomer: fatty acids Can be fats, waxes, or
steroids Triglycerides are common
lipids made up of glycerol linked to three fatty acid chains in the shape of an “E”
Functions: Energy storage Membrane structure Water barrier Hormones
PROTEINS Made up of C, H, N, O, P, and
S Monomer: amino acid Functions:
Catalyze reactions (enzymes) Cell signaling and
communication Transportation Structure
NUCLEIC ACIDS Made up of C, H, N, O, and P.
Monomer: Nucleotide (nitrogen base + phosphate group + pentose sugar)
Functions: Store and transmit
hereditary information Energy carriers