AgendaAgenda

OBJ: To identify and illustrate key cultural and historical characteristics of the Ottoman Empire by creating a travel brochure.

1. Journal 2. Notes- Empires of the Middle East 3. Ottoman Travel Brochure HW: Study your notes for 10 minutes

Journal: Journal:

Pretend you have created an army and have decided to conquest territory in order to create an empire. As the commander of your army and ruler of your new nation, where in the world would you place your empire? Why there?

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Began on Asia Minor- Anatolian Peninsula

Spread to Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits

Controlled Egyptian and African lands at its greatest height

Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia- Heartland of the Islamic world

Lasted from 1299 to 1922

Beginnings of the Ottoman Beginnings of the Ottoman EmpireEmpire

Mehmed II- led Ottomans to expand empire

Took Constantinople (capital) in March 1453

Sultan Selim I- 1514-1517 Declared himself caliph- defender of the faith

and successor to Muhammad Controlled Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem

How might this cause problems between religious groups later on?

Government of the Government of the OttomansOttomans

Governed provinces through local rulers Rulers trained at an official school Appointed rulers = pashas

“Gunpowder Empire”- combined conquered territories and dominated because of use of technology (firearms)

Grand Vizier- chief minister of imperial council, ran meetings and communicated sultan’s desires Like a Vice President

Topkapi- “Iron Gate” Topkapi- “Iron Gate”

Society in Middle Eastern Society in Middle Eastern EmpiresEmpires

Divided by occupationDivided by occupation Ruling classRuling class Artisans- craft guildsArtisans- craft guilds MerchantsMerchants PeasantsPeasants Pastoral people/ nomadic herdersPastoral people/ nomadic herders

Within each class- education system, laws/ rules, Within each class- education system, laws/ rules, and jobsand jobs

Religion- MuslimsReligion- Muslims Tolerant of other religions (Required to pay a Tolerant of other religions (Required to pay a

tax)tax)

Women of the Ottoman Women of the Ottoman EmpireEmpire

Tolerant attitude towards women’s Tolerant attitude towards women’s powerpower Turkish traditions Turkish traditions

Women could own and inherit Women could own and inherit propertyproperty

No forced marriageNo forced marriage

ArtArt

Patrons of the arts Pottery, rugs, armor, jewelry, and silk Rugs- Huge industry! Artists came from all over the empire to decorate

the sultan’s palace Architecture- mosques, modeled after the Hagia

Sophia Topped with domes framed by towers- minarets

Sinan- greatest Ottoman architect, created over 80 mosques Suleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul/ Constantinople

Great Ruler of the OttomanGreat Ruler of the Ottoman

Suleyman I- “the Suleyman I- “the magnificent” magnificent”

1522-15661522-1566 The LawgiverThe Lawgiver Ruler of the Ruler of the

Ottoman Golden AgeOttoman Golden Age Exchange of Exchange of

Western customs- Western customs- WesternizationWesternization European clothingEuropean clothing Western Furniture Western Furniture

and Artand Art

The End of the OttomansThe End of the Ottomans Sultans after SuleymanSultans after Suleyman Tried to avoid WesternizationTried to avoid Westernization

Created laws against Western Created laws against Western customs and goodscustoms and goods

Decline- Issues in govt. and culture caused Decline- Issues in govt. and culture caused the Ottomans to begin losing territory and the Ottomans to begin losing territory and controlcontrol

Defeat of the Ottomans by the Allies Defeat of the Ottomans by the Allies in World War I (1914-1918) brought in World War I (1914-1918) brought the end of the Ottoman monarchy.the end of the Ottoman monarchy.

Travel Brochure- The Travel Brochure- The Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Fold your sheet of paper in to thirds. Design a front cover and 2nd cover to bring

interest to your brochure. The inside columns-

The far left must outline the geography, climate, and natural features of the Ottoman Empire

The middle column needs to describe culture and society

The far right column must contain 3 detail reasons (in complete sentences) why someone should travel to the Ottoman Empire.

**The brochure must be colored and neat! The writing must be completed in blue or black ink!!!

Agenda: Agenda: OBJ: To analyze Islamic culture and how

we see it in modern society by discussing Middle Eastern accomplishments and creating an Islamic tile.

1. Journal 2. Lecture- Islamic Accomplishments 3. Islamic Tile

Journal: Journal:

You are the You are the archaeologist and archaeologist and you have just you have just discovered this discovered this artifact. What do artifact. What do you think this is? you think this is? What was it used What was it used for? for?

EconomyEconomy Trade flourished throughout the Middle East.

Indian and Mediterranean Seas Linked India with China, Africa, and Europe

Development of banking Use of coins/ money- Abbasid dinar Sakk- check

Farming Used ancient methods Large landowners/ independent farmers

City AppearanceCity Appearance Extravagant palaces and mosques Public buildings included fountains, public baths,

decorated courtyards Extensive planning in all cities (Damascus and

Baghdad) Bazaar- covered market place

Cleanliness and inspections were mandatory to ensure great quality products

Cordoba- elegant city Over 70 libraries, 700 mosques and 25 free schools “melting pot” of cultures, over 500,000 people Philosophers, poets, doctors, etc.

Social ClassesSocial Classes Society of “sophistication” Classes determined at birth and by your

practiced religion Clear classes-

Upper class- Muslims by birth Middle class- converts to Muslim

paid tax to upper class Lower class- non Islamic population

protected people- Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians Slaves

Typically prisoners of war and non- Muslims Household work or military services

Women in the Muslim Women in the Muslim EmpireEmpire

Spiritual equality in Quran Unequal socially- “Men are the managers of the affairs of

women” Many more legal rights than other women at the time Differences in social and family order in daily life

Depended on wealth status Access to education for most women

Male Guardians required (Could not leave home without an escort)

Polygamy- multiple wives Dowry paid to the bride, most men could only afford one

Covering of the body- traditional Arab practice Hijab- headscarf Chador- full head, body scarf Burka- veil that covers all

KnowledgeKnowledge Attitude of curiosity in education

800’s- House of Wisdom Majority of people spoke the Arabic language Philosophers- commentary on Greek/ Roman

philosophy Sufism- believe in having a personal relationship with

god (Closely related to Islam) Mathematics and Natural Sciences Astrolabe- used to determine location based on

the position of the heavens

Knowledge continuedKnowledge continued Medical Encyclopedia- contagious diseases

Rulers encouraged medical education to ensure their own health

Literature Writing of history, stories, and poetry The Arabian Nights, stories passed on through

generations, Aladdin story added in 18th Century Translation of literature

Preserved ancient works Art and Architecture

Blend of multiple cultures Minaret- spiral staircase/column, typically built on

mosques Arabesques- repeated designs used to ornately decorate

Middle Eastern Architecture Middle Eastern Architecture TileTile

Each pair of students should have Each pair of students should have 1 pair of scissors1 pair of scissors 1 glue stick1 glue stick 1 piece of card stock1 piece of card stock Pieces of colored paperPieces of colored paper

Create a decorative tile that might be seen Create a decorative tile that might be seen in a Middle Eastern Palace.in a Middle Eastern Palace. Remember- Lots and color as well as patterns Remember- Lots and color as well as patterns

should be used to create your tile!should be used to create your tile! The entire board must be filled in and with The entire board must be filled in and with

your name on the back.your name on the back.