Ageing population the UK

7/29/2019 Ageing population the UK

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Lesson 10 – problems with ageing

populations.

Case study 4: The UK

Learning Objectives:• To be able to explain the impacts of ageingpopulations.

• To suggest some solutions to these problems.



What shape would you expect a

population pyramid to be for the

UK?



Dependency Ratio

This is equal to the number of non-workingage people per member of the working

population.

• A dependent person is anyone who doesnot earn enough money to be independent

ie they rely on others.

• Eg if there are 3 retired people and 2children per working person the

dependency ratio would be 5:1



Dependency Ratio

Can be calculated by:

(pop aged 0-14) + (pop aged 65+)

Pop aged 15-65

Is this accurate for theUK?



Real dependency ratio

Economically ACTIVE Vs INACTIVE• For example, many people aged 16-65 are

effectively economically inactive

• Students

• People on Sickness and disability allowance

• Long term unemployed (given up looking for work)

• Early retirement

• Mothers (or fathers) looking after children at home

• Note: The unemployed are still counted aseconomically active, if they are actively seekingwork. However, if they have given up looking for work, then they are counted as inactive.

• Similarly some people over 65 may still be working



What is happening?

• Babies in the UK are living longer and therefore

life expectancy is increasing.

WHY?

• The UK population is still growing but onlyslowly.

• However, by 2021, 19% of the UK population will

be pensioners - Old dependants.• The reason is due to the baby boom after the

Second World War



The Future

Dependency ratios are falling.

This means less and less working age people

per old dependent.

year 1990 2010 2030 2050

Dep

Ratio

5:1 4:1 3:1 2:1



Problems of ageing populations......

Ageing Populations(MEDC)

Growing Populations(LEDC)

Competition for work

Lack of resources

Pressure on healthcare

and education systems

Congestion and

overcrowding



What can be done to combat the

problems of ageing populations

• Raise retirement ages – people work longer.

• Encourage working migrants to the UK – to fill ingaps in labour market.

• Employ more community nurses and carers tolook after the elderly at home.

• Provide incentives to have children – they paypeople in France.

• Increase taxes to pay all the pensions.• Encourage people to stay in employment after

retirement….. B&Q.



All these strategies are designed to

re-balance the dependency ratio

EconomicallyActive

EconomicallyDependent

http://en.loadtr.com/group_of_people-384157.htm



TASK

Use the information from the video clip and

from page 143 in the book to complete the

case study sheet.



Card Sort – Copy the table below and in pairs

discuss and try to sort the statements into the

correct column

MEDC BOTH LEDC



Alternatively….

France – encouraging births,

• Free/subsidised child care

• tax benefits

• paid parenting leave for men and women

• full time schooling starts at three-allowingparents to go back to work earlier, thus payingmore tax

• Women with bigger families (more children) cantake early retirement

• All designed to create a favourable dependencyratio in the future.



Homework

• Complete the worksheet by colour coding

the population solutions

• Which apply to LEDCs and Which to

MEDCs

• Choose your top three solutions for each

and be ready to justify your decision at the

start of next lesson.

Ageing population the UK

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