AGE OF ABSOLUTISM

Chapter 16

Warm Up!

•Journal Entry:• “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely."

• What do you think the author means by this quote?

ABSOLUTISMA political system in which a single ruler has unrestricted power

RISE & FALL OF SPAIN

Charles V: Ruler of Two Kingdoms• Charles V: (1519) King of Spain, & its colonies• Rules Holy Roman Empire (Germany) & the Netherlands

• Ruling 2 kingdoms=constant religious warfare

• Tried to suppress Protestant Reformation & Martin Luther

• Too much territory to rule effectively. Divided throne among brother & son

I think I’ll become a

monk

Absolute Monarchy

• Philip II: Increased Spain’s power & influence• Strengthened Catholic Church• Absolute Monarch: ruled w/

complete authority over gov’t & people’s lives

• Divine right: declared that authority to rule came directly from God

• Defended the Church in Protestant Reformation

Spain Fights

• Philip II: wanted to expand empire & eliminate rivals/enemies

• Elizabeth I (England) was greatest Protestant enemy

• Armada: huge fleet of ships sent to invade England

• English ships=faster, easier to control

• Spanish Armada= defeated after several mistakes

Spanish Armada• 130 Ships• 20,000 men• Armada= large, but English had

smaller, faster ships• Philip spent so much of Spain’s

wealth on Armada that it’s failure + inflation ruined Spain’s economy

Decline of Spain’s Power• Defeat of Armada=beginning of decline• Wars=too expensive for Spanish

economy• Colonies not making much money• Gold and wealth decreased

• Arts & education became more important in Spain Siglo de Oro “Golden century”

• Don Quixote: famous Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes

This is very important!

Decline of Spain

EmpireDivided

Armada defeated by England

Economy hurt by expensive wars

Colonies not making much profit

Gold & Wealth decreased

http://youtu.be/w6_UkLHcdJk

FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV

WARM UP!QUESTIONS:

1. Who is in the painting?

2. What do you think is going on in the painting? Take noteof the background.

3. What is the message of the painting? For example, why didthe author paint this?

Kings & Cardinals• Louis XIV (14th) • Became king at age 5, ruled for 72

years • Cardinal Mazarin became advisor to

strengthen France

• Louis XIV makes himself absolute ruler in France

• Believed in divine right….Louis XIV= “Sun King” center of universe

• Nearly bankrupted France by building palace to house 10,000 people

Absolute Rule of Louis XIV• Ended France’s legislature

(Estate’s General)• Forced nobles to live at

Versailles so he could control them

• Built army of 300,000 men• Revoked Edict of Nantes

100,00+ Jews & Protestants flee France for religious persecution

• Motto= “I AM THE STATE!”

Strong French Finances

• Louis XIV expands French gov’t control & appointed intendants • Collected taxes, recruited soldiers,

carried out govt

• Jean Baptiste Colbert: • Minister of Finance supercharged

French economy• Strengthened commerce & trade• Expanded agriculture• Collected taxes to keep Louis XIV

living an extravagant lifestyle

Power Palace & Prosperity Plunges• Louis XIV transformed a country hunting

ground into an extravagant palace named Versailles• Became a symbol of great wealth &

power• Decorated with gold, and statues, & a

hall of mirrors• Louis XIV wasted money on poor decisions &

costly wars, trying to expand France• Louis revoked Edict of Nantes & drove

100,000 Huguenots out of France

http://youtu.be/852eroBwDrA

LOUIS

XIV

Louis XIV Idea Wheel

PARLIAMENT IN ENGLAND

WARM-UP!• Analyze the following quote from James I of England:

“The state of Monarchy is the most supreme thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called gods…Kings are justly called gods for they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine Power upon earth…And to the King is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects…”

• What does this quote say about Kings?• What does this tell you about King James’ view of himself?• What kind of ruler would he be with this opinion?

Rulers Relationship with Parliament

• 1485-1603: England ruled by Tudor monarchs• Believed in divine right & working w/ Parliament• James I: Stuart monarch

• Took over after Elizabeth I• Claimed absolute monarchy, rejected by Parliament• Clashed w/ Parliament over money• Clashed w/ dissenters= Protestants against Church of

England• Puritans= dissenters who wanted to simplify Church &

lose Bishops

Century of Revolution• 1625: Charles I inherits throne= absolute monarch

• Tensions between Charles & Parliament led to civil war

• English Civil War: 1642-1651• Cavaliers: Supported King

Charles I• Roundheads: Supported Oliver

Cromwell/Parliament

• Oliver Cromwell: leader of Parliament forces• Charles I= BEHEADED!

Cromwell’s Commonwealth• After English Civil War, Cromwell abolished monarchy, established a republic called the Commonwealth• Did not tolerate Catholics, but allowed Jews back in • Promoted Puritan beliefs & Protestants• People got tired of the strict Puritan rule

• Parliament restored monarchy after Cromwell’s death Charles II took throne

• James II: forced from England for trying to restore Roman Catholic rule, daughter crowned instead

Gov’t Changes in England

• English Bill of Rights: gave more power to Parliament than monarchy

• Forced William & Mary to sign• Said no Roman Catholic could be King/Queen

• Limited Monarchy: similar to democracy, says monarchy has to work with legislators (Parliament)

• Constitutional Gov’t: British gov’t defined & limited by written law

• Cabinet: set of advisors to the monarch• England still= Oligarchy (ruled by few wealthy)

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY IN RUSSIA

Peter the Great & Modernization• Peter= 10 years old when crowned tsar

• Tsar: emperor or king in Russia

• Westernization: policy to modernize Russia by adopting Western European ideas, culture, & technology

• Autocratic monarch: ruled with unlimited authority

• All Russian institutions under Peter the Great, anyone who resisted= EXECUTED!

Controlling Church & Nobles

• Boyars: landowning nobles who enforced law, military• Forced to shave beard & wear Western clothes

• Owned land & used serfs for forced labor

• Pushed social & economic reforms to be more like Europe

• Increased military strength & extended borders of Russia

Expanding Russia• Warm-Water Port: Would be free

of ice year round and would open trade with Western world• Could not defeat Ottoman Empire to

gain access to sea ports

• Defeated Sweden to gain more territory along Baltic Sea

• St. Petersburg: new capital for Russian Empire

• Peter’s legacy: modernized Russia, but used terror and force and absolute power

Catherine the Grrrrrreat!• Takes throne in 1762• Followed in Peter’s steps & modernized Russia

• Established state-funded education for both boys and girls

• Defeated Ottoman Empire & set up warm water port on the Black Sea

• Agreed to divide part of empire with Prussia & Austria to avoid war Russia gains Poland in 1772

Absolutism Recap• SPAIN: Philip II

• FRANCE: Louis XIV

• RUSSIA: Peter the Great, Catherine the Great

• ENGLAND: James I, Charles I

Activity Options—Ch. 16 sec. 1,2,3,5• Storyboard– Create a

summary of each section in Ch. 16

• Visual Vocab

• Concept Map“Absolutism”Subtitle

Section SummaryPictureQuestion

SubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestion

SubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestion

SubtitleSection SummaryPictureQuestion

Word/TermDefinitionExamplePicture

Word/TermDefinitionExamplePicture

Word/TermDefinitionExamplePicture

Word/TermDefinitionExamplePicture

Definition Characteristics

Image/Visual

Examples Non-Examples