AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS: A Snapshot of Participation

2021 Afterschool Nutrition Report OCTOBER 2021 | WWW.FRAC.ORG

02 AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS: A SNAPSHOT OF PARTICIPATION AFTERSCHOOL NUTRITION REPORT | OCTOBER 2021 WWW.FRAC.ORG

AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS: A Snapshot of Participation2021 Afterschool Nutrition Report OCTOBER 2021

AcknowledgmentsThis report was prepared by Clarissa Hayes and Crystal FitzSimons of the Food Research & Action Center (FRAC).

FRAC gratefully acknowledges the general support of its work to expand and improve the Afterschool Nutrition Programs from the following:

` Annie E. Casey Foundation; ` Anonymous Donors; ` The California Endowment;

` The From Now On Fund of the Tides Foundation; ` General Mills Foundation; ` Nourishing Neighbors, a program of the Albertsons Companies Foundation;

` The JPB Foundation; ` Kaiser Permanente National Community Benefit Fund at the East Bay Community Foundation;

` Kellogg Company Fund; ` National Recreation and Park Association; and ` YMCA of the USA.

About FRACThe Food Research & Action Center (FRAC) improves the nutrition, health, and well-being of people struggling against poverty-related hunger in the United States through advocacy, partnerships, and by advancing bold and equitable policy solutions. For more information about FRAC, Afterschool Nutrition Programs, or to sign up for FRAC’s Weekly News Digest, or Meals Matter newsletter, go to www.frac.org.

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1 The Afterschool Nutrition Programs include the At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program through the Child and Adult Care Food Program and snacks through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). For this report, the Afterschool Nutrition Programs also include snacks served through the Seamless Summer Option (which are claimed through NSLP) and suppers and snacks served through the Summer Food Service Program.

2 It is important to note that COVID-19 program flexibilities, such as the waiver that allows sites to serve up to seven days’ worth of meals and snacks at one time, are not uniquely reflected in the methodology used for this data analysis. This means that an increase in the total number of meals and snacks served

does not necessarily directly correlate to a growth in average daily participation; instead, it is possible that the same children participated for more “days” — through the multiple-day meal and snack option — than they would have during a typical school year.

3 Brookings. (2020). Hungry at Thanksgiving: A Fall 2020 update on food insecurity in the U.S. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/11/23/hungry-at-thanksgiving-a-fall-2020-update-on-food-insecurity-in-the-u-s/. Accessed on September 21, 2021.

4 Food Research & Action Center. (2021). Food Insufficiency During COVID-19 (webpage). Available at: https://frac.org/foodinsufficiencycovid19. Accessed on September 21, 2021.

Executive Summary The Afterschool Nutrition Programs1 offered an important opportunity to combat hunger during the 2020–2021 school year as communities and families continued to feel the educational, health, and economic impacts of COVID-19. With the pandemic disrupting afterschool programming for millions of students, schools and sponsors had to pivot and adjust their meal service operations to provide the suppers and snacks2 that families rely on. These efforts were complicated by the fact that many afterschool programs — the foundation for meals to be served — were forced to reduce their capacity, switch to virtual programming, or shutter completely.

To ensure access to afterschool suppers and snacks, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued and then extended key nationwide waivers that provided the flexibility needed for schools and out-of-school time programs to provide suppers and snacks safely during the pandemic. These waivers allowed meals to be picked up and taken home, instead of eaten onsite alongside enrichment activities. They allowed school districts and community sponsors to adapt and adjust operations to provide meals to children in a variety of ways that

Food Program (CACFP) At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) combined — an increase of 37,317 participants.

` Nearly 1.1 million children were served afterschool snacks on an average day in October 2020 through the CACFP Afterschool Supper and Snack Program, Seamless Summer Option through the National School Lunch Program, and SFSP combined — a decrease of 370,258 participants.

` When compared to October 2019, 188,741 additional suppers and just over 7.2 million fewer snacks were served in October 2020 through the available program options.

While the Afterschool Supper Program was able to experience modest growth in October 2020, it still only reached 1 in 12 children who participated in school lunch during a time of elevated food insecurity. A survey of households’ experience with food access showed that in October 2020, 12 percent of those with children reported they did not have enough to eat.3 This disproportionately impacted Black and Latinx families.4 Looking ahead, it will take targeted investments and collaboration on all levels to ensure that the Afterschool Nutrition Programs are not only able to continue to grow, but to also meet the increased need as the dust settles from COVID-19. Fortunately, there are clear steps forward to expand the reach of the Afterschool Nutrition Programs so that they better serve all of the families who need them.

minimized contact, including delivering meals directly to homes and providing meals at pick-up or drive-through locations. USDA also ensured suppers and snacks could be served to all children at no charge by waiving the requirement that afterschool meal sites be located in a low-income area, and allowed sites to meet the traditional enrichment activity requirement through virtual and take-home activities.

Combined, the available flexibilities and commitment of schools and community sponsors helped to support access to afterschool suppers and snacks in October 2020 during the ongoing public health and economic crisis. While the number of children receiving a lunch during the school day decreased, the Afterschool Nutrition Programs were able to slightly increase participation despite the challenges presented by the pandemic, albeit at a slower rate of increase than the year before (2.6 percent in 2020 compared to 6.5 percent in 2019).

KEY FINDINGS

` Almost 1.5 million children were served afterschool suppers on an average day in October 2020 through the Child and Adult Care

IN OCTOBER 2020:

1.5 MILLION  CHILDREN

were served afterschool suppers on an average day in Oct. 2020, an INCREASE of 37,317 participants

ALMOST

1.1 MILLION CHILDREN

were served afterschool snacks on an average day in Oct. 2020

NEARLY

188,741additional suppers were served in Oct. 2020 compared to Oct. 2019

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The upcoming Child Nutrition Reauthorization offers Congress an important opportunity to make more long-term policy improvements to the Afterschool Nutrition Programs. One key proposal would allow all sponsors the opportunity to provide meals year-round through SFSP, which is less administratively burdensome than CACFP. Lowering the area eligibility threshold that sites must meet from 50 percent, which has been an option through waivers during COVID-19, would make more low-income communities eligible to participate.

It also will be critical that the underlying afterschool enrichment programs, which traditionally go hand in hand with afterschool suppers and snacks, are championed and supported. Policymakers are already recognizing the important role these programs will play in COVID-19 recovery: the most recent COVID-19 relief package, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, included $30 billion in funding to support summer and afterschool programs on the state and local level. Advocates on every level should ensure that this funding is maximized and that any new afterschool programs are aware of the option to participate in the Afterschool Nutrition Programs.

Most importantly, afterschool meals must remain a priority as schools and afterschool programs continue to reimagine and redesign what learning looks like during COVID-19 and beyond. Schools and community sponsors should maximize the flexibilities available during the 2021–2022 school year to meet the need, and USDA must continue to extend waivers and issue new flexibilities as needed. Now is the time to take the lessons learned from COVID-19 as well as from years of program implementation to more effectively increase the reach of the Afterschool Nutrition Programs.

About This ReportThis report measures the reach of the Afterschool Nutrition Programs, which include the Afterschool Supper Program and the Afterschool Snack Programs. The Afterschool Supper Program is funded through the federal Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP); the Afterschool Snack Programs are funded through both CACFP and the federal National School Lunch Program (NSLP).5 This report also includes suppers and snacks served through the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) and snacks served through the Seamless Summer Option (SSO) in October 2020, as this was an available program option through COVID-19 waivers at that time. This report focuses on participation in October 2020, with comparisons to October 2019, nationally and in each state. Based on a variety of metrics, this report examines trends and the impacts of policies on participation in the programs.

The focus in particular is on afterschool supper participation through CACFP and SFSP, using the extent of free and reduced-price school lunch participation in NSLP in October 2020 as a benchmark against which to compare afterschool supper participation. In this report, lunches served through SFSP are included as part of school lunch participation due to waiver flexibilities. Because there is broad participation in the regular school-year lunch program by low-income students across the states, this is a useful comparison by which to measure how many students are and could be benefiting from the Afterschool Supper Program.

This report is unique from previous years because of the policy changes made in response to COVID-19.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTINUED

5 Participation in a separate provision called the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Outside-School-Hours Care Option is not included in the report, due to data limitations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture collects the number of meals served by and site participation data on Child Care Centers. Those data include Outside-School-Hours Care as well as a number of other options within CACFP (mostly participation in meals in early childhood programs). This means that the number of afterschool suppers or snacks provided through Outside-School-Hours Care, or the number of sites operating that program, cannot be specified. Additional information on the methodology can be found in the Technical Notes section.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture issued waivers that eliminated the area eligibility rules for the Afterschool Nutrition Programs and allowed schools to serve meals to all students at no charge through SFSP or SSO. These waivers meant that more communities could provide afterschool meals and snacks, and that nearly all of the lunches served in 2020 were provided at the free rate and are included in the lunch participation data.

The Food Research & Action Center (FRAC) has set the goal of reaching 15 children with the Afterschool Supper Program for every 100 low-income children participating in school lunch, and has calculated the shortfall in terms of the number of unserved children and the federal dollars lost in October 2020 in each state that is not meeting this goal. In some states, fewer schools meet the area eligibility requirement (at least 50 percent of the students in the elementary, middle, or high school that is serving the area where the afterschool program is located must be certified to receive free or reduced-price school meals), which can impact the reach of afterschool suppers. Even though the area eligibility requirement was waived in October 2020, making it easier for all states to serve children afterschool suppers, FRAC maintained its modest goal of 15:100 to reflect the challenges in program operations created by the pandemic.

In addition to afterschool supper participation, this report examines afterschool snack participation through CACFP, NSLP, and SFSP. It also looks at the number of sites (i.e., afterschool programs) providing suppers, snacks, or both through CACFP, and snacks through NSLP. The number of sites is an important indicator of access to afterschool nutrition for low-income children at the state level.

Finally, this report identifies and describes effective strategies for increasing the reach of the Afterschool Supper Program.

Afterschool meals must remain a priority as schools and afterschool programs continue to reimagine and redesign what learning looks like during COVID-19 and beyond.

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How the Afterschool Nutrition Programs Work Two federal Afterschool Nutrition Programs, the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) and the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), provide funding to serve suppers and snacks to children that are combined with educational and enrichment activities. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides the funding for these programs through a state agency in each state, usually the state department of education, health, or agriculture.

The CACFP At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program reimburses public and private nonprofit schools, local government agencies, and private nonprofit organizations for providing a supper, snack, or both to children 18 years old and younger6 who participate in educational or enrichment programming after school, on weekends, and during school holidays throughout the school year.7 For-profit centers also may be able to participate if they meet additional requirements. Eligible entities can provide suppers and snacks at one or multiple sites. For example, a school, park and recreation department, a youth service nonprofit (like a YMCA or a Boys & Girls Club), or a food bank can provide meals, snacks, or both at multiple sites throughout the community.

NSLP reimburses public and private nonprofit schools for providing snacks (but not suppers) to children 18 years old and younger who participate in school-sponsored educational or enrichment programming. Schools also can provide the snacks in community programs that they designate as school-sponsored or school-operated programs. The afterschool program does not need to be operated by a school or be located on school grounds in order to serve NSLP snacks.

Prior to the pandemic (including in October 2019), sites qualified to provide afterschool meals and snacks by being located in the attendance area of an elementary, middle, or high school that had at least 50 percent of its student enrollment certified to receive free or reduced-price school meals. Once a site met this threshold, it received the “free” (higher reimbursement) rate for all the meals and snacks served. For NSLP, a site that was not located in an eligible area could provide snacks through NSLP, but the reimbursement rate was based on the participating children’s eligibility for free or reduced-price school meals.

During the pandemic (including in October 2020), USDA allowed schools and sponsors to use the Summer Nutrition Programs to serve suppers and snacks, including snacks through the Seamless Summer Option (which is claimed under NSLP snacks), and suppers and snacks through the CACFP At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program. USDA waived the area eligibility requirement for both CACFP At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program and NSLP snacks, with all of the meals and snacks reimbursed at the free rate. It also waived the educational and enrichment requirement and other program requirements, which are described in greater detail on page 6.

6 Children who turn 19 during the school year are able to continue participating in the Afterschool Nutrition Programs for the remainder of the year.

7 Programs operating on weekends or school holidays during the school year can choose to serve breakfast or lunch instead of supper. The Child and Adult Care Food Program breakfast and lunch participation data are not included in this report.

Afterschool Snack and Supper Program Options During the 2020–2021 School Year

AFTERSCHOOL SNACKS

National School Lunch Program

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Summer Food Service Program

AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS

Child and Adult Care Food Program

Summer Food Service Program

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National Findings for October 2020 State Findings for October 2020Participation in afterschool suppers varied significantly by state in October 2020. While a handful of states saw exponential growth by maximizing the available waivers for meal service, a majority of states saw decreases in participation during the pandemic. These decreases must be addressed moving forward by recruiting more meal sites, and ensuring sponsors have the tools needed to support and sustain their programs.

Participation in afterschool suppers increased by 2.6 percent in October 2020, compared to the previous year, despite the impact of the pandemic on afterschool programs. Snack participation decreased overall, with the largest drop seen in National School Lunch Program (NSLP) snacks. This is likely due to many schools switching from NSLP to the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) during the 2020–2021 school year.

SEVEN additional states met or exceeded the national average of 8.4 to 100 for offering supper to children: TEXAS (12.3 to 100); OKLAHOMA (12.1); RHODE ISLAND (11.5 to 100); MISSOURI (11.4 to 100); ARIZONA (9.9 to 100); FLORIDA (9.7 to 100); and ILLINOIS (8.4 to 100).

In October 2020, FOUR states reached the Food Research & Action Center’s goal for states to serve supper to at least 15 children for every 100 who participated in the free or reduced-price school lunch program: MARYLAND (40.2 to 100); CALIFORNIA (36.4 to 100); VIRGINIA (20.1 to 100); and OREGON (16.0 to 100).

THIRTY-FOUR states served supper to fewer than one child for every 20 low-income children who participated in school lunch; 21 of them served fewer than 2.0 to 100. This is compared to 31 states and five states, respectively, meeting those same ratios in October 2019.

Comparing October 2020 to October 2019, only 15 states moved in the right direction and increased their participation rate in afterschool suppers; 14 of these states increased by more than 10 percent.

THIRTY-SIX states saw a decrease in supper participation when comparing October 2020 to October 2019 data; all but three of these states dropped by more than 10 percent.

THREE large states together served afterschool suppers to more than half of the nearly 1.5 million children who participated nationwide: CALIFORNIA (494,450 children); TEXAS (229,265 children); and FLORIDA (105,407 children).

SIX states increased the number of children participating in supper by more than 50 percent: VIRGINIA (259 percent); MARYLAND (105 percent); ARIZONA (93 percent); MASSACHUSETTS (76 percent); OKLAHOMA (59 percent); and ILLINOIS (55 percent).

There was a 28.7 percent decrease in CACFP afterschool sites and a 61.4 percent decrease in NSLP afterschool sites. This decrease is due to the fact that many afterschool program sites were closed, and schools and sponsors consolidated their non-congregate meal service to fewer sites.

In October 2020, almost 1.5 million children received a supper on an average weekday through the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) and SFSP, an INCREASE of 37,317 children, or 2.6 percent, from October 2019.

Despite the growth, only a small fraction — 1 in 12 — of the low-income students who participated in the free or reduced-price school lunch program in October 2020 also received an afterschool supper.

In October 2020, 27,471 afterschool programs participated in the Afterschool Nutrition Programs, with participation slightly higher in CACFP (19,409 sites) compared to NSLP (8,062 sites). Information on the number of SFSP sites serving suppers and snacks is not available due to data limitations.

27,471 afterschool programs participated

In October 2020, just over 28.5 million suppers were served through CACFP and SFSP, an INCREASE of 188,741 suppers overall when compared to October 2019.

28.5 million suppersJUST OVER

The available Afterschool Snack Programs served almost 1.1 million children in October 2020; 306,745 through NSLP, 730,757 through CACFP, and 62,219 through SFSP.

1.1 million childrenALMOST

25Afterschool snack participation DECREASED overall by 25 percent, with NSLP participation dropping by 73 percent, or 828,682 children, and CACFP snack participation increasing by 118.4 percent, or 396,205 children.

1.5 millionALMOST

1,160,760 childrenmissed a nutritious meal

$77.4 million missed in additional federal funding

3 states missed out on more than $5 million each in additional federal reimbursements

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Missed OpportunitiesThe Afterschool Supper Program offers an important opportunity to draw down the federal funding available to provide suppers and counter the dramatic increase in child food insecurity during COVID-19. When states failed to use these funds, children and families lost out on nutritious meals that would have helped keep hunger at bay. Similarly, schools, local government agencies, and

Despite significant efforts in all states to keep the Afterschool Nutrition Programs accessible during the 2020–2021 school year, millions of low-income children were not getting the suppers and snacks they needed.

Many of the challenges facing these programs — COVID-19 quarantines and exposures, limited capacity of afterschool programs, supply chain concerns, staffing shortages — are still in play one year later. To fully address

the increased nutrition gap that has resulted from the pandemic, it is critical that additional investments are made and targeted strategies are used. Combined, the following approaches would result in stronger programs.

Afterschool Nutrition Programs During COVID-19

Looking Ahead: Rebounding and Re-energizing the Afterschool Nutrition Programs

8 Meals served through the Seamless Summer Option (SSO) are reimbursed at the free rate while meals served through the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) are reimbursed at the same rate; for this report, SSO and SFSP meals are included in the free and reduced-price category.

Since March 2020, a variety of nationwide waivers have been available to help support access to afterschool suppers and snacks and program operations as schools and afterschool programs have had to implement social distancing procedures. Below are some of these waivers:

` Area Eligibility, which allowed meals to be offered through the Summer Nutrition Programs and Afterschool Nutrition Programs at sites that do not meet the 50 percent area eligibility requirement;

` Summer Nutrition Programs8 were available as an alternative option to the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program during the 2020–2021 school year, thus allowing schools to offer breakfast and lunch at no charge to all students;

` Afterschool Activity, which allowed programs to serve suppers and snacks without providing the normally required in-person enrichment or educational activity;

` Meal Time Flexibility, which allowed meals to be served outside traditional times to maximize flexibility for meal pick up and for up to seven days’ worth of meals to be served at one time;

` Non-Congregate Feeding, which allowed meals to be served in a non-group setting (i.e., allowing for “grab and go” and delivered meals); and

` Parent/Guardian Meal Pick-Up, which allowed parents/guardians to pick up meals for the child without the child being present.

private nonprofits missed out on important federal funding that would have helped support their financial sustainability through the pandemic.

If every state had served supper to 15 children for every 100 low-income children who participated

in school lunch in October 2020, then 1,160,760 additional children would have received a nutritious meal after school, and an additional $77.4 million in federal funding would have supported the provision of afterschool suppers in October 2020 alone.

Three states each lost out on more than $5 million in federal reimbursements in October 2020 and failed to serve the most children: New York ($7.6 million; 113,448 children); Georgia ($5.8 million; 86,723); and Ohio ($5.4 million; 80,861).

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Child Nutrition Reauthorization: The Key to Strengthening the Afterschool Nutrition ProgramsCongress has an important opportunity to improve access to afterschool suppers and snacks through the upcoming Child Nutrition Reauthorization bill. The reauthorization should make new investments in the Afterschool Nutrition Programs that would expand the reach of suppers and snacks while doing no harm to the current structure of the program. Here are three ways that Congress can show its robust support for the Afterschool Nutrition Programs and their important role in children’s well-being.

` Streamline the Afterschool Meal and Snack Program and Summer Food Service Program. Many community-based organizations and local government agencies operating the Afterschool Meal and Snack Program through the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) also serve summer meals to the same children through the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP). This means that sponsors must apply for and operate two distinct programs with different eligibility criteria and program requirements in order to provide meals 365 days a year. Allowing sponsors to operate one program year-round through SFSP would eliminate duplicative and burdensome paperwork while supporting sponsors’ efforts to serve more children in their community and to do it better. For part of COVID-19, schools and sponsors were able to operate both programs simultaneously, ensuring children would receive up to three meals and a snack a day as schools remain closed. This year-round access should be maintained beyond the pandemic.

` Allow School Food Authorities to Serve Suppers Through the National School Lunch Program. Schools can provide only snacks after school through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). This requires them to operate CACFP to serve a meal instead of just a snack or to feed children on weekends and school holidays, creating a significant and unnecessary administrative burden for schools. The reauthorization should streamline the Afterschool Nutrition Programs to allow schools to provide up to

a meal and a snack after school and on weekends during the regular school year through NSLP, as sponsors are allowed to do through CACFP.

` Lower the Area Eligibility Threshold From 50 to 40 Percent. Most afterschool sites qualify by demonstrating that they are located in a low-income area in which at least 50 percent of the children are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals. This keeps many communities where poverty is less concentrated, such as rural and suburban areas, from participating. The pandemic also highlighted the need for a lower threshold to ensure that these communities can participate in the Afterschool Nutrition Programs. Lowering the eligibility threshold from 50 to 40 percent would improve access to suppers in every state. It also would align site eligibility with eligibility criteria in various federal education funding sources that can support afterschool programs, such as the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program.

Maximizing and Leveraging Afterschool Program FundingAfterschool programs traditionally provide an important platform for afterschool suppers and snacks to be served while also keeping children safe and engaged when the school day ends. Despite the important role these programs play, there has never been enough afterschool programming available or accessible to low-income families, resulting in limited opportunities for implementing Afterschool Nutrition Programs. According to the Afterschool Alliance, for every one child participating in an afterschool program, three are waiting to get in, with 7.7 million children being left unsupervised after school. This trend is even more pronounced for Black and Latinx children whose households are earning too low of incomes to reliably put food on the table.9

This gap has only been exacerbated by COVID-19, as the limited programs that did exist were forced to reduce capacity, shift to virtual activities, or close down.

Fortunately, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 included $30 billion in funding to support summer and afterschool programs on the state and local level. This historic investment dramatically increases the amount of federal funding that supports summer and afterschool programming and will help create more opportunities for families with low incomes to access enrichment and educational programs and, by extension, suppers and snacks.

This important funding represents an opportunity to close access gaps and serve more young people in need. Anti-hunger advocates can work with their statewide afterschool network to ensure local programs have the support, training, and technical assistance they need to operate effective meal and enrichment programs after school and in the summer. Equally important is building the infrastructure and partnerships that are necessary to sustain the out-of-school time programs after COVID-19 relief funding has been exhausted. State child nutrition agencies can be important partners for this effort; 12 states surveyed for this report shared that they were aware of and contributing to efforts to connect afterschool programs to afterschool suppers and snacks.

9 Afterschool Alliance. (n.d.). America After 3PM. Available at: http://afterschoolalliance.org/documents/AA3PM-2020/National-AA3PM-2020-Fact-Sheet.pdf. Accessed on September 21, 2021.

LOOKING AHEAD CONTINUED

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Technical NotesThe data in this report are collected from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and from a survey of state child nutrition officials conducted by the Food Research & Action Center (FRAC). This report does not include the Afterschool Nutrition Programs in Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, or Department of Defense schools. It also does not include Outside-School-Hours Care Centers (OSHCC), due to data limitations.

Overall afterschool nutrition participation is defined as the sum of average daily participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) At-Risk Afterschool Supper and Snack Program plus average daily participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Afterschool Snack Program. For October 2020, suppers and snacks served through the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) were included as that was a program option through the COVID-19 waivers.

ConclusionAs they do every year, the Afterschool Nutrition Programs have played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic in providing children nutritious suppers and snacks. In October 2020, in the midst of the pandemic, the Afterschool Nutrition Programs reached almost 1.5 million children with an afterschool supper — an increase of 2.6 percent, or 37,317 children — from the previous year. While it is important to celebrate these gains in light of the challenges introduced by the pandemic, participation is still too low, and it is critical that the Afterschool Nutrition Programs are better positioned to meet the growing need moving forward.

Advocates, policymakers, and program providers must use every tool available — including Child Nutrition Reauthorization, increased funding for afterschool programs, and the implementation of proven best practices — to make these programs the strongest, streamlined, and accessible version they can be moving forward.

While the funding through the American Rescue Plan Act is a historic win and will help move the needle on increasing the availability of afterschool programs, it is still critical that permanent funding be increased through other streams, including the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program and through state and local funding.

Revisiting Lessons Learned and Best Practices to Increase Access While COVID-19 has presented new challenges and considerations for expanding the reach of afterschool suppers and snacks, there remains an important opportunity to use both the lessons learned from the last year-and-a-half alongside proven best practices to make substantial strides forward in supporting and expanding the Afterschool Nutrition Programs.

` Meal Quality. Serving high-quality and appealing suppers and snacks is an important way to draw more children into afterschool programs and maintain

LOOKING AHEAD CONTINUED

participation. All suppers and snacks provided through the Afterschool Nutrition Programs must meet federal nutrition standards. During the 2020–2021 school year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provided flexibility in meeting the meal pattern requirements in the event of supply chain disruptions. While the waivers allowed for more meals to be served at one time as a safety precaution, this often necessitated the use of shelf-stable and bulk meals, which limited options for fresh food to be served. In a survey of state agencies, 20 states shared that food quality decreased during COVID-19. Reasons for this included a reliance on cold and shelf-stable items, lack of variety, and challenges with food sourcing. As more afterschool programs reopen this year, there is an opportunity to revisit strategies for increasing meal quality, including incorporating fresh, seasonal food with “Farm to Afterschool,” and strengthening contracts to enhance the nutritional quality and appeal of vended meals.

` Maximizing Waivers and Meal Service Options. USDA has extended the nationwide waivers for suppers and snacks through the Child and Adult Care Food Program and snacks through the National School Lunch Program through the 2021–2022 school year, meaning that there remain options for reaching children no matter what the school day looks like. In the event of remote or hybrid schedules, afterschool programs should take full advantage of combining suppers and snacks with the breakfasts and lunches being served.

One of the simplest strategies to reduce student hunger and improve nutrition is for schools and other programs to provide both a supper and snack, which better supports the nutritional needs of students while drawing down more federal dollars that can help support the financial viability of their nutrition operations. In a time of stretched school and afterschool program budgets, this is an effective way to support program sustainability.

The data are based on meals and snacks served in October of each year. FRAC focuses on October because USDA requires states to report CACFP at-risk meal data only every October and March, and focusing on October makes it possible to include the 2020–2021 school year (based on October 2020 reporting) in this report’s analysis.

Due to rounding, totals in the tables may not add up to 100 percent.

Average daily participation in each component of afterschool nutrition is based on the number of snacks or suppers served in October of each year divided by each state’s average number of lunch serving days in NSLP in October of that year. For October 2019, CACFP snacks and suppers and NSLP snacks are included in the calculation. For October 2020, SFSP snacks and suppers also are included. Year-

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to-year fluctuations in the number of days of service may cause average daily participation to increase even though the number of meals or snacks served decreased, or vice versa.

USDA obtains the October numbers of sites serving snacks and suppers from the states, and reports them as the states provide them. For this report, FRAC gave states the opportunity to update the October data on CACFP and NSLP sites, and the total numbers of CACFP suppers and snacks and NSLP snacks that FRAC obtained from USDA. The state changes are included. Information on sites serving meals through SFSP are not included in this report due to limitations in the data.

Afterschool Suppers and SnacksUSDA provided FRAC with the number of CACFP suppers and snacks, NSLP snacks, and SFSP suppers and snacks served in each state in October of each school year. FRAC calculated each state’s average daily CACFP supper and snack participation, average daily NSLP snack participation, and average daily SFSP supper and snack participation by dividing the total number of suppers or snacks served in October by each state’s average number of serving days in NSLP in October.

Participation in Afterschool Suppers is the total average participation in CACFP suppers and the average participation in SFSP suppers. Participation in Afterschool Snacks is the total of the average participation in CACFP snacks, the average participation in NSLP snacks, and the average participation in SFSP snacks.

NSLP LunchesFRAC calculated each state’s October average daily free and reduced-price school lunch participation by dividing the number of free and reduced-price lunches served in October by each state’s average number of October serving days. For this report, FRAC also included lunches served through SFSP in October 2020. FRAC calculated each state’s average daily SFSP lunch participation by dividing the number of lunches served in October by each state’s average number of October serving days. Lunches served through the Seamless Summer Option through NSLP are included in the free lunches reported for NSLP.

Note that USDA adjusts the average daily lunch participation by dividing the average daily lunch participation figures by an attendance factor (0.927) to account for children who were absent from school on a particular day. To ensure comparability between the average daily lunch participation figures and the average daily supper and snack figures for CACFP and NSLP, FRAC does not apply the attendance factor adjustment to the lunch participation estimates.

The Cost of Low ParticipationFor each state, FRAC calculated the average daily number of children receiving afterschool suppers in October for every 100 children receiving free or reduced-price NSLP or SFSP lunches in the same month. FRAC then calculated the number of additional children who would be reached if that state achieved a 15-to-100 ratio of afterschool supper participation to lunch participation. FRAC then multiplied this unserved population by the afterschool supper reimbursement

rate, and multiplied this total by the national average number of NSLP serving days in October. FRAC assumed each supper is reimbursed at the standard rate for school year 2020–2021: $3.51. Reimbursement estimates do not include the additional value of commodities, or cash-in-lieu of commodities, which also are provided by USDA for each supper served.

States’ Ability to Meet FRAC’s GoalThe number of low-income students who participated in lunch provides an important baseline for the need for afterschool meals. Under the regular CACFP Afterschool Meal Program’s eligibility rules, meal sites must be located in areas where at least 50 percent of the students attending the local elementary, middle, or high school are certified for free or reduced-price school meals. This requirement significantly limits the areas that are eligible to participate, resulting in low-income students in every state not having access to afterschool meals. In addition, the eligibility requirement makes it more difficult for states with lower concentrations of poverty within their schools’ enrollment to provide low-income children afterschool meals. FRAC’s modest afterschool supper benchmark is designed to reflect the limitations of the program, and data analysis has shown that all states could meet the benchmark. USDA’s waiver of the area eligibility rules for school year 2020–2021 meant that any community could provide suppers in October 2020, meaning that the area eligibility rule did not have its normal negative impact on access and participation. FRAC maintained the modest benchmark for October 2020 to reflect the operational and programmatic challenges created by the pandemic.

TECHNICAL NOTES CONTINUED

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State Supper ADP, October 2019

Lunch ADP, October 2019 Ratio3 Rank

October 2019Supper ADP,

October 2020Lunch ADP,

October 2020 Ratio3 Rank October 2020

Percent Change in Supper ADP

Alabama 31,628 371,140 8.5 8 23,890 391,552 6.1 14 -24.5 %Alaska 1,644 37,911 4.3 25 951 19,794 4.8 18 -42.2 %Arizona 19,564 468,076 4.2 26 37,804 381,243 9.9 9 93.2 %Arkansas 13,397 247,088 5.4 17 9,467 245,087 3.9 21 -29.3 %California 354,746 2,596,840 13.7 2 495,450 1,360,416 36.4 2 39.7 %Colorado 5,840 217,445 2.7 41 7,978 153,891 5.2 16 36.6 %Connecticut 6,882 204,915 3.4 35 1,541 154,617 1.0 43 -77.6 %Delaware 5,142 66,067 7.8 9 505 49,990 1.0 42 -90.2 %District of Columbia 9,240 47,949 19.3 1 530 8,482 6.2 13 -94.3 %Florida 125,741 1,468,942 8.6 7 105,407 1,088,646 9.7 10 -16.2 %Georgia 32,324 882,797 3.7 31 25,797 750,132 3.4 23 -20.2 %Hawaii 282 63,997 0.4 51 0 38,989 0.0 51 -100.0 %Idaho 1,849 86,052 2.1 45 1,592 114,396 1.4 37 -13.9 %Illinois 30,861 698,729 4.4 24 47,813 569,696 8.4 11 54.9 %Indiana 12,177 456,004 2.7 42 11,929 544,887 2.2 30 -2.0 %Iowa 1,505 200,587 0.8 49 947 314,415 0.3 48 -37.0 %Kansas 5,375 188,820 2.8 40 2,516 243,474 1.0 41 -53.2 %Kentucky 24,575 451,505 5.4 16 24,220 306,400 7.9 12 -1.4 %Louisiana 18,198 469,410 3.9 28 10,734 386,679 2.8 29 -41.0 %Maine 2,041 56,225 3.6 33 942 67,750 1.4 38 -53.9 %Maryland 21,549 306,308 7.0 12 44,125 109,804 40.2 1 104.8 %Massachusetts 13,099 353,644 3.7 30 23,054 445,482 5.2 17 76.0 %Michigan 22,473 618,570 3.6 32 32,462 535,142 6.1 15 44.4 %Minnesota 13,854 278,506 5.0 20 19,803 503,450 3.9 20 42.9 %Mississippi 3,943 301,512 1.3 48 2,184 249,173 0.9 45 -44.6 %Missouri 35,015 360,932 9.7 5 51,086 449,651 11.4 8 45.9 %Montana 1,818 47,059 3.9 29 1,096 60,433 1.8 32 -39.7 %Nebraska 3,887 130,750 3.0 37 801 201,126 0.4 46 -79.4 %Nevada 14,439 199,125 7.3 10 1,705 111,805 1.5 36 -88.2 %New Hampshire 1,276 32,769 3.9 27 526 42,888 1.2 40 -58.8 %New Jersey 19,004 394,383 4.8 21 13,371 445,503 3.0 27 -29.6 %New Mexico 8,150 173,667 4.7 22 2,081 111,242 1.9 31 -74.5 %New York 87,034 1,429,163 6.1 15 15,198 857,640 1.8 33 -82.5 %North Carolina 17,552 663,058 2.6 43 15,083 398,530 3.8 22 -14.1 %North Dakota 214 34,215 0.6 50 80 54,733 0.1 50 -62.5 %Ohio 17,451 598,435 2.9 39 22,721 690,548 3.3 25 30.2 %Oklahoma 22,905 317,463 7.2 11 36,365 300,918 12.1 6 58.8 %Oregon 17,647 196,013 9.0 6 23,352 145,920 16.0 4 32.3 %Pennsylvania 25,111 702,866 3.6 34 8,302 505,512 1.6 34 -66.9 %Rhode Island 2,765 52,923 5.2 19 3,965 34,596 11.5 7 43.4 %South Carolina 18,871 360,753 5.2 18 3,410 265,696 1.3 39 -81.9 %South Dakota 1,021 48,464 2.1 46 861 94,468 0.9 44 -15.8 %Tennessee 33,551 482,807 6.9 13 16,041 476,323 3.4 24 -52.2 %Texas 271,830 2,788,591 9.7 4 229,265 1,870,594 12.3 5 -15.7 %Utah 4,467 152,149 2.9 38 4,042 251,044 1.6 35 -9.5 %Vermont 3,061 24,643 12.4 3 855 30,385 2.8 28 -72.1 %Virginia 20,842 463,766 4.5 23 74,809 372,031 20.1 3 258.9 %Washington 9,271 351,205 2.6 44 764 274,712 0.3 49 -91.8 %West Virginia 9,867 153,104 6.4 14 4,829 119,683 4.0 19 -51.1 %Wisconsin 8,992 298,319 3.0 36 9,216 292,339 3.2 26 2.5 %Wyoming 376 23,401 1.6 47 200 57,569 0.3 47 -46.7 %US 1,434,344 21,619,062 6.6 1,471,661 17,549,477 8.4 2.6 %

1 Average daily participation in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and Summer Food Service Program suppers is calculated by dividing the total number of suppers served in October of each year by each state’s average number of days of lunch service in the National School Lunch Program in October.

2 Average daily free and reduced-price lunch participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in October is calculated by dividing the number of free and reduced-price lunches served by each state’s average number of days of service in NSLP in October. NSLP data include participation in the Seamless Summer Option. Average daily participation in Summer Food Service Program data are also included in this number for October 2020.

3 The ratio of supper to lunch is the average daily number of children participating in a supper program per 100 children participating in school lunch, as defined in footnote 2.

Table 1: Average Daily Participation (ADP) in Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) Suppers1 Compared to Free and Reduced-Price National School Lunch Program (NSLP),2 October 2019 and 2020, by State

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State Supper ADP, October 2020 Ratio of Supper ADP to Lunch ADP Total Supper ADP if Supper to

Lunch Ratio Reached 15:100Additional Supper ADP if Supper to

Lunch Ratio Reached 15:100Additional Federal Reimbursement Dollars1

if Supper to Lunch Ratio Reached 15:100Alabama 23,890 6.1 58,733 34,843 $2,323,664Alaska 951 4.8 2,969 2,018 $134,601Arizona 37,804 9.9 57,186 19,382 $1,292,607Arkansas 9,467 3.9 36,763 27,296 $1,820,385California 495,450 36.4 204,062 met goal met goalColorado 7,978 5.2 23,084 15,106 $1,007,394Connecticut 1,541 1.0 23,193 21,651 $1,443,929Delaware 505 1.0 7,499 6,994 $466,421District of Columbia 530 6.2 1,272 met goal met goalFlorida 105,407 9.7 163,297 57,890 $3,860,681Georgia 25,797 3.4 112,520 86,723 $5,783,555Hawaii 0 0.0 5,848 5,848 $390,031Idaho 1,592 0.2 17,159 15,567 $1,038,187Illinois 47,813 15.4 85,454 met goal met goalIndiana 11,929 4.6 81,733 69,804 $4,655,240Iowa 947 0.3 47,162 46,215 $3,082,074Kansas 2,516 1.0 36,521 34,005 $2,267,807Kentucky 24,220 7.9 45,960 21,740 $1,449,856Louisiana 10,734 2.8 58,002 47,268 $3,152,279Maine 942 1.4 10,162 9,221 $614,923Maryland 44,125 40.2 16,471 met goal met goalMassachusetts 23,054 5.2 66,822 43,768 $2,918,882Michigan 32,462 6.1 80,271 47,810 $3,188,432Minnesota 19,803 3.9 75,517 55,715 $3,715,618Mississippi 2,184 0.9 37,376 35,192 $2,346,974Missouri 51,086 11.4 67,448 16,362 $1,091,184Montana 1,096 1.8 9,065 7,969 $531,475Nebraska 801 0.4 30,169 29,368 $1,958,538Nevada 1,705 1.5 16,771 15,066 $1,004,742New Hampshire 526 1.2 6,433 5,908 $393,973New Jersey 13,371 3.0 66,825 53,455 $3,564,895New Mexico 2,081 1.9 16,686 14,605 $974,039New York 15,198 1.8 128,646 113,448 $7,565,842North Carolina 15,083 3.8 59,779 44,696 $2,980,793North Dakota 80 0.1 8,210 8,130 $542,185Ohio 22,721 3.3 103,582 80,861 $5,392,623Oklahoma 36,365 12.1 45,138 8,773 $585,078Oregon 23,352 16.0 21,888 met goal met goalPennsylvania 8,302 1.6 75,827 67,525 $4,503,228Rhode Island 3,965 11.5 5,189 1,224 $81,651South Carolina 3,410 1.3 39,854 36,445 $2,430,505South Dakota 861 0.9 14,170 13,310 $887,620Tennessee 16,041 3.4 71,448 55,407 $3,695,120Texas 229,265 12.3 280,589 51,325 $3,422,837Utah 4,042 1.6 37,657 33,615 $2,241,765Vermont 855 2.8 4,558 3,703 $246,949Virginia 74,809 20.1 55,805 met goal met goalWashington 764 0.3 41,207 40,442 $2,697,103West Virginia 4,829 4.0 17,952 13,123 $875,182Wisconsin 9,216 3.2 43,851 34,635 $2,309,803Wyoming 200 0.3 8,635 8,435 $562,526US 1,471,661 8.4 2,632,422 1,160,760 $77,411,090

1 Additional federal reimbursement dollars are calculated assuming that the sites are reimbursed for each child at the federal reimbursement rate for free suppers ($3.51 per supper) for the national average days of service in October 2020.

2 Average daily free and reduced-price lunch participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in October 2020 is calculated by dividing the number of free and reduced-price lunches served by each state’s average number of NSLP days of service in October 2020. NSLP data for October 2020 include participation in the Seamless Summer Option. Average daily lunch participation in Summer Food Service Program data also are included.

Table 2: Average Daily Participation (ADP) in Supper and Additional ADP and Additional Federal Reimbursement1 if States Reached FRAC’s Goal of 15 Supper Participants per 100 National School Lunch Program (NSLP)2 Participants

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State CACFP Snacks NSLP Snacks SFSP Snacks1

October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change October 2020Alabama 10,237 15,167 48.2 % 11,464 4,699 -59.0 % 2,643 Alaska 638 309 -51.5 % 1,786 798 -55.3 % - Arizona 5,223 28,773 450.9 % 31,343 21,950 -30.0 % 2,488 Arkansas 8,931 8,544 -4.3 % 9,422 6,803 -27.8 % 39 California 29,531 213,321 622.4 % 196,907 30,536 -84.5 % 5,651 Colorado 6,050 3,490 -42.3 % 13,853 950 -93.1 % 720 Connecticut 786 614 -21.8 % 7,635 2,524 -66.9 % - Delaware 2,215 682 -69.2 % 1,330 98 -92.7 % 548 District of Columbia 560 538 -3.9 % 14,253 96 -99.3 % 79 Florida 16,404 78,361 377.7 % 115,482 26,071 -77.4 % 2,962 Georgia 22,990 18,463 -19.7 % 67,098 34,109 -49.2 % 5,547 Hawaii 358 387 8.0 % 5,799 103 -98.2 % - Idaho 1,248 1,142 -8.5 % 3,099 1,100 -64.5 % 1,800 Illinois 9,169 11,172 21.9 % 19,623 1,889 -90.4 % 92 Indiana 6,041 3,783 -37.4 % 22,808 11,281 -50.5 % 109 Iowa 1,239 516 -58.3 % 7,817 2,532 -67.6 % 482 Kansas 1,811 3,848 112.5 % 9,795 1,772 -81.9 % 1,318 Kentucky 5,747 27,059 370.8 % 7,927 664 -91.6 % 594 Louisiana 1,302 5,251 303.3 % 28,377 4,177 -85.3 % 1,451 Maine 797 422 -47.1 % 2,787 407 -85.4 % - Maryland 12,033 25,059 108.2 % 2,675 161 -94.0 % 859 Massachusetts 7,285 11,519 58.1 % 19,916 2,521 -87.3 % 3,270 Michigan 8,102 11,794 45.6 % 15,985 2,649 -83.4 % 1,889 Minnesota 12,397 5,844 -52.9 % 18,258 2,454 -86.6 % 11,795 Mississippi 3,439 2,719 -20.9 % 7,456 1,600 -78.5 % 130 Missouri 7,424 14,430 94.4 % 12,546 4,708 -62.5 % 5,719 Montana 557 127 -77.2 % 2,598 1,635 -37.1 % 313 Nebraska 823 1,550 88.3 % 7,403 4,083 -44.8 % 54 Nevada 1,837 348 -81.0 % 2,144 585 -72.7 % 94 New Hampshire 2,351 671 -71.4 % 2,074 398 -80.8 % 153 New Jersey 5,726 10,937 91.0 % 29,578 1,770 -94.0 % 145 New Mexico 1,501 299 -80.1 % 17,547 40,476 130.7 % - New York 25,668 8,090 -68.5 % 145,248 40,148 -72.4 % 701 North Carolina 7,959 5,141 -35.4 % 24,246 405 -98.3 % 1,440 North Dakota 510 1,261 147.4 % 3,478 150 -95.7 % - Ohio 5,452 6,387 17.1 % 15,387 4,446 -71.1 % 326 Oklahoma 4,497 12,131 169.8 % 15,364 5,912 -61.5 % 1,264 Oregon 2,184 1,166 -46.6 % 5,248 865 -83.5 % 560 Pennsylvania 13,637 4,502 -67.0 % 13,862 2,503 -81.9 % 439 Rhode Island 643 4,944 669.2 % 2,988 293 -90.2 % 6 South Carolina 4,314 1,528 -64.6 % 31,486 511 -98.4 % - South Dakota 869 323 -62.8 % 1,987 1,281 -35.5 % 436 Tennessee 17,115 14,241 -16.8 % 28,598 9,834 -65.6 % 3,400 Texas 26,077 68,415 162.4 % 85,993 14,940 -82.6 % 498 Utah 1,226 1,702 38.9 % 4,624 1,821 -60.6 % - Vermont 308 974 215.7 % 1,251 342 -72.7 % - Virginia 16,145 81,930 407.4 % 6,361 2,203 -65.4 % 1,202 Washington 6,117 2,043 -66.6 % 7,514 296 -96.1 % 527 West Virginia 5,285 2,666 -49.6 % 8,055 846 -89.5 % 368 Wisconsin 1,772 6,105 244.5 % 15,870 3,608 -77.3 % 106 Wyoming 26 66 154.6 % 1,080 742 -31.3 % - US 334,553 730,757 118.4 % 1,135,427 306,745 -73.0% 62,219

Table 3: Change in Average Daily Participation (ADP) in Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Snacks and National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Snacks, October 2019 to October 2020, by State; and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) Snacks, October 2020, by State

1 Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) suppers and snacks were an option in October 2020 through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s child nutrition waivers that were issued in response to the pandemic; as a result, the 2020 data are not compared to October 2019 SFSP supper and snack data.

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State CACFP Snacks ADP as a Percentage of Overall Afterschool ADP

NSLP Snacks ADP as a Percentage of Overall Afterschool ADP

SFSP Snacks ADP as a Percentage of Overall Afterschool ADP Overall Afterschool Snacks ADP

Alabama 67.4 % 20.9 % 11.7 % 22,510Alaska 27.9 % 72.1 % 0.0 % 1,107Arizona 54.1 % 41.3 % 4.7 % 53,211Arkansas 55.5 % 44.2 % 0.3 % 15,386California 85.5 % 12.2 % 2.3 % 249,508Colorado 67.6 % 18.4 % 14.0 % 5,161Connecticut 19.6 % 80.4 % 0.0 % 3,138Delaware 51.4 % 7.3 % 41.3 % 1,327District of Columbia 75.4 % 13.4 % 11.1 % 713Florida 73.0 % 24.3 % 2.8 % 107,394Georgia 31.8 % 58.7 % 9.5 % 58,119Hawaii 79.0 % 21.0 % 0.0 % 490Idaho 28.3 % 27.2 % 44.5 % 4,041Illinois 84.9 % 14.4 % 0.7 % 13,153Indiana 24.9 % 74.4 % 0.7 % 15,173Iowa 14.6 % 71.7 % 13.7 % 3,530Kansas 55.5 % 25.5 % 19.0 % 6,938Kentucky 95.6 % 2.3 % 2.1 % 28,317Louisiana 48.3 % 38.4 % 13.3 % 10,880Maine 50.9 % 49.1 % 0.0 % 829Maryland 96.1 % 0.6 % 3.3 % 26,079Massachusetts 66.5 % 14.6 % 18.9 % 17,310Michigan 72.2 % 16.2 % 11.6 % 16,331Minnesota 29.1 % 12.2 % 58.7 % 20,093Mississippi 61.1 % 36.0 % 2.9 % 4,448Missouri 58.1 % 18.9 % 23.0 % 24,857Montana 6.1 % 78.8 % 15.1 % 2,075Nebraska 27.2 % 71.8 % 1.0 % 5,687Nevada 33.9 % 56.9 % 9.2 % 1,028New Hampshire 54.9 % 32.6 % 12.5 % 1,223New Jersey 85.1 % 13.8 % 1.1 % 12,852New Mexico 0.7 % 99.3 % 0.0 % 40,776New York 16.5 % 82.0 % 1.4 % 48,939North Carolina 73.6 % 5.8 % 20.6 % 6,986North Dakota 89.4 % 10.6 % 0.0 % 1,411Ohio 57.2 % 39.8 % 2.9 % 11,159Oklahoma 62.8 % 30.6 % 6.5 % 19,306Oregon 45.0 % 33.4 % 21.6 % 2,591Pennsylvania 60.5 % 33.6 % 5.9 % 7,444Rhode Island 94.3 % 5.6 % 0.1 % 5,244South Carolina 74.9 % 25.1 % 0.0 % 2,039South Dakota 15.8 % 62.8 % 21.4 % 2,041Tennessee 51.8 % 35.8 % 12.4 % 27,475Texas 81.6 % 17.8 % 0.6 % 83,853Utah 48.3 % 51.7 % 0.0 % 3,524Vermont 74.0 % 26.0 % 0.0 % 1,315Virginia 96.0 % 2.6 % 1.4 % 85,335Washington 71.3 % 10.3 % 18.4 % 2,866West Virginia 68.7 % 21.8 % 9.5 % 3,881Wisconsin 62.2 % 36.7 % 1.1 % 9,819Wyoming 8.2 % 91.8 % 0.0 % 808US 66.4 % 27.9 % 5.7 % 1,099,721

Table 4: Percentage of Overall Afterschool Snack Average Daily Participation (ADP) Coming From Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Snacks, National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Snacks, and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) Snacks, October 2020, by State

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State CACFP Suppers ADP as a Percentage of Overall Afterschool ADP

SFSP Suppers ADP as a Percentage of Overall Afterschool ADP Overall Afterschool Suppers ADP

Alabama 96.5 % 3.5 % 23,890Alaska 100.0 % 0.0 % 951Arizona 96.9 % 3.1 % 37,804Arkansas 100.0 % 0.0 % 9,467California 99.6 % 0.4 % 495,450Colorado 94.8 % 5.2 % 7,978Connecticut 100.0 % 0.0 % 1,541Delaware 78.8 % 21.2 % 505District of Columbia 100.0 % 0.0 % 530Florida 98.8 % 1.2 % 105,407Georgia 75.0 % 25.0 % 25,797Hawaii 0.0 % 0.0 % 0Idaho 48.9 % 51.1 % 1,592Illinois 99.3 % 0.7 % 47,813Indiana 100.0 % 0.0 % 11,929Iowa 45.9 % 54.1 % 947Kansas 85.5 % 14.5 % 2,516Kentucky 99.2 % 0.8 % 24,220Louisiana 100.0 % 0.0 % 10,734Maine 90.8 % 9.2 % 942Maryland 98.2 % 1.8 % 44,125Massachusetts 87.9 % 12.1 % 23,054Michigan 47.6 % 52.4 % 32,462Minnesota 51.1 % 48.9 % 19,803Mississippi 100.0 % 0.0 % 2,184Missouri 84.8 % 15.2 % 51,086Montana 39.9 % 60.1 % 1,096Nebraska 84.5 % 15.5 % 801Nevada 65.1 % 34.9 % 1,705New Hampshire 55.2 % 44.8 % 526New Jersey 98.1 % 1.9 % 13,371New Mexico 91.1 % 8.9 % 2,081New York 96.3 % 3.7 % 15,198North Carolina 96.3 % 3.7 % 15,083North Dakota 100.0 % 0.0 % 80Ohio 88.8 % 11.2 % 22,721Oklahoma 97.3 % 2.7 % 36,365Oregon 96.6 % 3.4 % 23,352Pennsylvania 98.9 % 1.1 % 8,302Rhode Island 99.0 % 1.0 % 3,965South Carolina 100.0 % 0.0 % 3,410South Dakota 41.0 % 59.0 % 861Tennessee 84.9 % 15.1 % 16,041Texas 99.8 % 0.2 % 229,265Utah 100.0 % 0.0 % 4,042Vermont 100.0 % 0.0 % 855Virginia 98.3 % 1.7 % 74,809Washington 80.0 % 20.0 % 764West Virginia 93.0 % 7.0 % 4,829Wisconsin 94.3 % 5.7 % 9,216Wyoming 86.3 % 13.7 % 200US 95.5 % 4.5 % 1,471,661

Table 5: Percentage of Overall Afterschool Supper Average Daily Participation (ADP) Coming From Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Suppers and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) Suppers, October 2020, by State

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StateCACFP Snacks NSLP Snacks CACFP Suppers SFSP Snacks and Suppers2

October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change SFSP Snacks October 2020

SFSP Suppers October 2020

Alabama 197,447 276,157 39.9 % 221,107 85,567 -61.3 % 610,013 420,110 -31.1 % 48,130 15,048Alaska 12,770 7,354 -42.4 % 35,758 19,000 -46.9 % 32,921 22,627 -31.3 % 0 0Arizona 86,821 516,541 494.9 % 521,023 401,871 -22.9 % 325,219 657,523 102.2 % 44,664 21,154Arkansas 180,140 170,984 -5.1 % 190,052 136,138 -28.4 % 270,216 189,451 -29.9 % 789 0California 600,146 4,520,266 653.2 % 4,001,701 647,057 -83.8 % 7,209,432 10,453,016 45.0 % 119,742 45,540Colorado 111,606 97,889 -12.3 % 255,534 26,654 -89.6 % 107,723 212,098 96.9 % 20,203 11,654Connecticut 15,475 11,351 -26.6 % 150,422 46,659 -69.0 % 135,570 28,494 -79.0 % 0 0Delaware 44,672 13,520 -69.7 % 26,828 1,933 -92.8 % 103,708 7,881 -92.4 % 10,855 2,125District of Columbia 10,887 10,731 -1.4 % 277,249 1,913 -99.3 % 179,738 10,573 -94.1 % 1,585 0Florida 333,570 1,531,824 359.2 % 2,348,296 509,635 -78.3 % 2,556,908 2,036,716 -20.3 % 57,895 23,878Georgia 433,933 338,529 -22.0 % 1,266,483 624,070 -50.7 % 610,124 353,821 -42.0 % 101,490 118,206Hawaii 5,903 4,541 -23.1 % 95,533 1,207 -98.7 % 4,644 0 -100.0 % 0 0Idaho 23,987 20,272 -15.5 % 59,569 19,530 -67.2 % 35,537 13,831 -61.1 % 31,951 14,435Illinois 179,008 206,894 15.6 % 383,113 34,896 -90.9 % 602,513 877,110 45.6 % 1,703 5,844Indiana 102,513 60,942 -40.6 % 387,063 181,733 -53.0 % 206,642 192,168 -7.0 % 1,754 0Iowa 25,189 9,214 -63.4 % 158,956 45,180 -71.6 % 30,599 7,758 -74.6 % 8,600 9,147Kansas 34,361 71,724 108.7 % 185,883 34,004 -81.7 % 101,995 40,113 -60.7 % 24,574 6,785Kentucky 100,800 526,919 422.7 % 139,027 12,936 -90.7 % 431,022 467,913 8.6 % 11,574 3,722Louisiana 24,748 43,761 76.8 % 539,318 51,340 -90.5 % 345,870 179,426 -48.1 % 24,475 0Maine 15,272 7,190 -52.9 % 53,422 6,941 -87.0 % 39,132 1,747 -95.5 % 0 1,472Maryland 239,389 629,166 162.8 % 53,219 4,044 -92.4 % 428,702 1,087,477 153.7 % 21,564 20,398Massachusetts 143,314 131,980 -7.9 % 391,824 28,882 -92.6 % 257,693 232,142 -9.9 % 37,468 31,999Michigan 165,885 227,354 37.1 % 327,298 51,076 -84.4 % 460,146 300,736 -34.6 % 36,998 332,978Minnesota 233,814 102,438 -56.2 % 344,373 43,016 -87.5 % 261,299 177,522 -32.1 % 206,738 169,582Mississippi 67,474 53,863 -20.2 % 146,276 31,693 -78.3 % 77,364 43,260 -44.1 % 2,571 0Missouri 146,605 271,729 85.3 % 247,757 88,649 -64.2 % 691,473 85,365 -87.7 % 107,695 146,595Montana 10,769 2,281 -78.8 % 50,207 29,342 -41.6 % 35,123 7,589 -78.4 % 5,626 11,813Nebraska 16,198 28,855 78.1 % 145,740 76,032 -47.8 % 76,523 12,600 -83.5 % 1,012 2,319Nevada 37,296 6,612 -82.3 % 43,524 11,105 -74.5 % 293,104 21,069 -92.8 % 1,793 11,284New Hampshire 47,053 12,811 -72.8 % 41,507 7,600 -81.7 % 25,535 5,533 -78.3 % 2,928 4,497New Jersey 127,699 216,503 69.5 % 659,640 36,266 -94.5 % 423,818 260,379 -38.6 % 2,949 5,280New Mexico 28,438 5,283 -81.4 % 332,414 714,037 114.8 % 154,400 33,424 -78.4 % 0 3,284New York 470,922 152,050 -67.7 % 2,664,844 782,876 -70.6 % 1,596,802 275,081 -82.8 % 13,171 10,559North Carolina 162,480 102,371 -37.0 % 494,982 8,059 -98.4 % 358,321 289,243 -19.3 % 28,685 11,115North Dakota 9,571 31,817 232.4 % 65,307 3,777 -94.2 % 4,014 2,020 -49.7 % 0 0Ohio 109,981 125,443 14.1 % 310,369 87,318 -71.9 % 352,009 396,491 12.6 % 6,404 49,759Oklahoma 81,349 200,132 146.0 % 277,945 97,535 -64.9 % 414,384 583,772 40.9 % 20,848 16,171Oregon 42,748 21,937 -48.7 % 102,747 16,275 -84.2 % 345,480 424,489 22.9 % 10,530 14,859Pennsylvania 276,182 89,774 -67.5 % 280,729 49,909 -82.2 % 508,543 163,652 -67.8 % 8,759 1,892Rhode Island 12,740 96,500 657.5 % 59,229 5,724 -90.3 % 54,808 76,607 39.8 % 117 777South Carolina 88,429 30,127 -65.9 % 645,459 10,086 -98.4 % 386,853 67,240 -82.6 % 0 0South Dakota 16,914 5,345 -68.4 % 38,690 21,178 -45.3 % 19,888 5,835 -70.7 % 7,211 8,390Tennessee 287,689 242,535 -15.7 % 480,712 167,470 -65.2 % 563,968 231,958 -58.9 % 57,907 41,226Texas 523,903 1,334,619 154.7 % 1,727,624 292,534 -83.1 % 5,461,145 4,462,983 -18.3 % 9,712 9,432Utah 22,727 29,839 31.3 % 85,727 31,919 -62.8 % 82,820 70,842 -14.5 % 0 0Vermont 6,193 20,611 232.8 % 25,132 7,238 -71.2 % 61,471 18,097 -70.6 % 0 0Virginia 330,793 1,682,470 408.6 % 130,336 45,230 -65.3 % 427,024 1,509,900 253.6 % 24,690 26,336Washington 123,229 42,806 -65.3 % 151,361 5,854 -96.1 % 186,758 12,095 -93.5 % 10,416 3,017West Virginia 108,056 58,553 -45.8 % 164,690 18,590 -88.7 % 201,734 98,637 -51.1 % 8,082 7,425Wisconsin 35,677 116,856 227.5 % 319,517 69,058 -78.4 % 181,031 166,372 -8.1 % 2,025 10,016Wyoming 525 1,083 106.3 % 21,742 8,727 -59.9 % 7,568 2,821 -62.7 % 0 448US 6,513,290 14,520,346 122.9 % 22,127,258 5,739,363 -74.1 % 28,339,327 27,297,607 -3.7 % 1,145,883 1,230,461

1 Year-to-year fluctuations in the number of days of service can cause average daily participation to increase, even though fewer suppers or snacks are served (or vice versa).

2 Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) suppers and snacks were an option in October 2020 through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s child nutrition waivers that were issued in response to the pandemic; as a result, the 2020 data are not compared to October 2019 SFSP supper and snack data.

Table 6: Change1 in Number of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Snacks, National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Snacks, and CACFP Suppers, October 2019 and 2020, by State; and Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) Snacks and Suppers, October 2020, by State

16 AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS: A SNAPSHOT OF PARTICIPATION AFTERSCHOOL NUTRITION REPORT | OCTOBER 2021 WWW.FRAC.ORG

State CACFP Sites1 NSLP Sites2

October 2019 October 2020 Percent Change October 2019 October 2020 Percent ChangeAlabama 500 368 -26.4 % 280 75 -73.2 %Alaska 79 59 -25.3 % 56 30 -46.4 %Arizona 479 513 7.1 % 596 184 -69.1 %Arkansas 250 185 -26.0 % 308 950 208.4 %California 4,226 2,540 -39.9 % 2,508 594 -76.3 %Colorado 330 296 -10.3 % 243 31 -87.2 %Connecticut 145 93 -35.9 % 158 72 -54.4 %Delaware 163 35 -78.5 % 42 7 -83.3 %District of Columbia 159 20 -87.4 % 102 6 -94.1 %Florida 1,807 1,726 -4.5 % 1,692 1,172 -30.7 %Georgia 688 427 -37.9 % 1,099 411 -62.6 %Hawaii 13 10 -23.1 % 98 2 -98.0 %Idaho 72 104 44.4 % 114 39 -65.8 %Illinois 1,049 921 -12.2 % 522 69 -86.8 %Indiana 367 366 -0.3 % 457 349 -23.6 %Iowa 61 39 -36.1 % 216 141 -34.7 %Kansas 229 210 -8.3 % 263 59 -77.6 %Kentucky 517 395 -23.6 % 228 36 -84.2 %Louisiana 379 294 -22.4 % 335 76 -77.3 %Maine 75 46 -38.7 % 131 23 -82.4 %Maryland 751 791 5.3 % 163 6 -96.3 %Massachusetts 366 98 -73.2 % 297 52 -82.5 %Michigan 635 377 -40.6 % 430 87 -79.8 %Minnesota 456 256 -43.9 % 339 61 -82.0 %Mississippi 113 92 -18.6 % 182 52 -71.4 %Missouri 601 546 -9.2 % 294 151 -48.6 %Montana 43 25 -41.9 % 170 200 17.6 %Nebraska 82 88 7.3 % 153 126 -17.6 %Nevada 355 48 -86.5 % 77 71 -7.8 %New Hampshire 39 30 -23.1 % 51 24 -52.9 %New Jersey 308 105 -65.9 % 708 91 -87.1 %New Mexico 192 75 -60.9 % 470 508 8.1 %New York 1,845 829 -55.1 % 1,546 499 -67.7 %North Carolina 408 262 -35.8 % 621 28 -95.5 %North Dakota 19 78 310.5 % 106 12 -88.7 %Ohio 712 506 -28.9 % 451 185 -59.0 %Oklahoma 289 357 23.5 % 607 218 -64.1 %Oregon 425 217 -48.9 % 162 42 -74.1 %Pennsylvania 994 345 -65.3 % 362 106 -70.7 %Rhode Island 97 58 -40.2 % 47 12 -74.5 %South Carolina 340 147 -56.8 % 565 20 -96.5 %South Dakota 32 22 -31.3 % 61 40 -34.4 %Tennessee 784 537 -31.5 % 600 309 -48.5 %Texas 3,858 3,150 -18.4 % 1,497 467 -68.8 %Utah 136 113 -16.9 % 115 72 -37.4 %Vermont 113 64 -43.4 % 55 28 -49.1 %Virginia 753 555 -26.3 % 337 44 -86.9 %Washington 312 510 63.5 % 306 15 -95.1 %West Virginia 346 267 -22.8 % 218 50 -77.1 %Wisconsin 224 202 -9.8 % 395 139 -64.8 %Wyoming 11 12 9.1 % 31 21 -32.3 %US 27,227 19,409 -28.7 % 20,864 8,062 -61.4 %

Table 7: Change in Number of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) and National School Lunch Program (NSLP) Sites From October 2019 to October 2020, by State

1 Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) sites offer afterschool snacks and suppers to students, reimbursable through CACFP (reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as “Outlets After Sch At-Risk”).

2 National School Lunch Program (NSLP) sites serve snacks through NSLP (reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as “NSLP Total Sch and RCCI’s Serving Snacks”).

Note: Data are unavailable for Summer Food Service Program sites in October 2020.

17 AFTERSCHOOL SUPPERS: A SNAPSHOT OF PARTICIPATION AFTERSCHOOL NUTRITION REPORT | OCTOBER 2021 WWW.FRAC.ORG COPYRIGHT © 2021 FOOD RESEARCH & ACTION CENTER

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