African Savanna .

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Transcript of African Savanna .

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BANG

The Big Bang happened about 13.75 billion years ago, soon following Universe became extremely hot and dense thus forcing it to expand rapidly. After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled enough to allow energy to

turn into various subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Soon following simple atomic nuclei rapidly developed and

multiplied eventually causing life ad the rest is history.

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Galactic Ecosystem

The timescale for the Galactic ecology is determined by the rate of star formation and the lifetime of the

most massive stars, gradually changing form, over the life of the Galaxy. This is based on the energy flows

from the massive stars, and the material cycle through these same stars. This process also creates carbon

and heavier elements and released through winds and supernova explosions. They cycle between the

various phases of the interstellar phase, before again being incorporated into stars and, in some cases,

planetary systems and life. Despite this delicate balance and interplay between many aspects of the star

formation cycle, it remains to be asked whether it is evolving with time, for evolution in the Galaxy is limited

compared to the tremendous biodiversity it has produced on Earth. Star formation produces a range of

stellar masses; with the initial mass function (IMF) determining how many stars of a particular mass are

found. The different masses are similar to the different species within an ecosystem. While astronomers

often refer to this as stellar evolution, this is an inappropriate use of the word, as it is used to describe the

life processes of individual stars, not their changes from one to another.

http://arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0110/0110694.pdf

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Galaxies -A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

Dark matter- a type of matter  said to account for a large part of the total mass  in the universe. Dark matter cannot be seen directly with telescopes; because it doesn’t emits or absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation  at any significant level.

Gas-Nitrogen , Oxygen , Argon , Carbon dioxide , Neon, Helium , Methane , Krypton , Hydrogen , Nitrous Oxide 

Dust- It is for the most part a type of small dust particles which are a few. A smaller fraction of all dust in space consists of larger refractory minerals that condensed as matter left the stars. It is called "stardust" and is included in a separate section below. 

Gravity-the natural occurrence where physical objects appear to attract each other with a with a force directed by the proportion of their mass

Electromagnetism-A branch of science  concerned what happens between electrically charged particles.

Stellar nebulae-where a star is born

Protostar-a large mass that forms by contraction out of the gas of a giant molecular cloud  in the process of star formation

Yellow star- A stellar classification for one of the least hottest stars

Blue star-A stellar classification for the hottest stars

Red giant- is a luminous giant star of low or mass in a late phase of stellar evolution.

Super red giant-They are the largest stars in the universe in terms of  volume, although they are not the most massive.

Nova- an explosion in a white dwarf star caused by the accretion of hydrogen on to the surface of the star, which ignites and starts nuclear fusion in a runaway manner

Super nova-a stellar explosion that is more energetic  than a nova

Planetary nebula-an emission nebula consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized  gas ejected during the asymptotic giant branch phase of certain types of stars late in their life

white dwarf-a white dwarf's mass is comparable to that of the Sun and its volume is comparable to that of the Earth brown dwarf

Black hole.- a region of space time from which gravity prevents anything, including light , from escaping.