AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What were the effects of the European colonization of Africa?

EUROPEAN HYPOCRISY• Euro nations fought to rid themselves of Nazi

oppression, but still colonized Africa.

INFERIORITY COMPLEX

• Euros would teach Africans that African culture was not as good.

BRAIN DRAIN

• Many educated Africans leave, prefer to live in Europe.

NATURAL RESOURCES

• Africa’s mineral wealth and agricultural wealth benefitted Europeans.

DESERTIFICATION

• Growing deserts, shrinking water supply.

FAMINE

• Many Africans do not get enough to eat.

TRIBAL CONFLICTS

• Europeans would favor some ethnic groups over other ethnic groups.

AIDS

• Africans suffer in larger numbers than other continents.

APARTHEID

• Keeping races separate in South Africa.• Power and privileges reserved for whites.

AFRICAN NATIONALISM

• Desire to be free of European Colonizers.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Were there any nations that gained independence non-violently?

EGYPT

• Peacefully granted independence from British.

NELSON MANDELA

• Won election as President of South Africa.• Signaled end of Apartheid.

MOROCCO AND TUNISIA

• Peacefully gained independence from French.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Were there any nations that gained independence violently?

ALGERIA

• Fought eight year battle to gain independence from France.

• Over 1 million dead before victory.

MAU-MAU REBELLION

• Kenyans stage violent overthrow of British colonizers.

• Lost, but Britain granted independence later.

GHANA

• Staged ‘general strike’ of workers in protest to British colonization.

• Lost but gained independence later.

RWANDA

• Nation controlled by Belgium.

TUTSIS

• Ethnic group favored by Belgians.• Controlled law enforcement, education.

HUTUS

• Ethnic group not favored by Belgians.

GENOCIDE

• Many Hutus wanted to kill all the Tutsis.