African colonization powerpoint
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Transcript of African colonization powerpoint
The “Scramble for Africa” had
originally been made regardless of
indigenous (existing) ethnic
diversity.The boundaries created by Europeans led to civil
warsamong Africans
-Why would this cause fighting?
Early Africa saw the rise of powerful empires and city states that became important cultural
centers
From the 1500’s to the 1800’s
Europeans explored the continent (missionaries + maps) Enslaved many Africans Sent them to other parts of the world-Where were they going?
Resist or Submit?Resist or Submit? Think about the following:Think about the following:
– You are as you are: young man or young woman. You are as you are: young man or young woman. – A group of people have come into your land and A group of people have come into your land and
homes and demanded you to give up your rights and homes and demanded you to give up your rights and become slaves, or die. They have superior weapons.become slaves, or die. They have superior weapons.
– You have parents, siblings, friends, etc.You have parents, siblings, friends, etc.– If you submit, If you submit, you will liveyou will live but you will lose your rights but you will lose your rights
Life will be hard. You will be forced to work for them and Life will be hard. You will be forced to work for them and they will take all of your possessions and money.they will take all of your possessions and money.
– If you chose to resist:If you chose to resist: You will fight a losing battle. Even if you do not die, your You will fight a losing battle. Even if you do not die, your
friends and family will.friends and family will. What do you do? Resist or Collaborate?What do you do? Resist or Collaborate?
This conference would avoid a European conflict/war that might arise from claims.
Commercial greed, territorial ambition, and political rivalry fuelled the European take over of Africa. This resulted in Africa's partition (division of land on the continent) at the
West African Conference in Berlin November, 1884 through February,1885. The process became known as "The
Scramble for Africa".
The “Scramble for Africa” had the effect of defusing and displacing tensions between the European powers in Europe. However, the tradeoffs and alliances could not disguise the fact that Imperial Germany was on a collision course with
Britain and France resulting in WWI.-Why is this?
The West African Conference in Berlin to divide the African Continent among the European nations.
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
IndustrialRevolutionIndustrialRevolution
Source forRaw
Materials
Source forRaw
Materials
Markets for FinishedGoods
Markets for FinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalismEuropean
NationalismMissionaryActivity
MissionaryActivity
Military & Naval Bases Military & Naval Bases
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
Places to dump Unwanted/Excess
Population
Places to dump Unwanted/Excess
Population
Social & EconomicOpportunities
Social & EconomicOpportunities
HumanitarianReasons
HumanitarianReasons
European RacismEuropean Racism
“White Man’sBurden”
“White Man’sBurden”
SocialDarwinism
SocialDarwinism
Africa has some of the world’s largest deposits of gold, diamonds, and
copper. Oil is found in western and central Africa.
Europe felt depleted of natural resources needed for industrialization.
Many of the nations had an interest in the raw materials found in Africa.
Foreign trade increased
How Did Europeans Get Land?How Did Europeans Get Land? Advancements in Exploration, Advancements in Exploration,
Medicine (Quinine) and Medicine (Quinine) and Technology (Weapons)Technology (Weapons)
Two Methods:Two Methods:– Take Through ForceTake Through Force
Superior weapons Superior weapons (repeater rifles and gatling (repeater rifles and gatling guns) to the African bows guns) to the African bows and spearsand spears
– Take Through TreatiesTake Through Treaties Become “Protectorate”Become “Protectorate” Chiefs agree to give up Chiefs agree to give up
powerpower Lugard: “Not a one was Lugard: “Not a one was
obtained legally.”obtained legally.”– Lie, steal, cheat, ki l l .Lie, steal, cheat, ki l l .
Biography: Cecil RhodesBiography: Cecil Rhodes The Man Who Bought The Man Who Bought
Africa for BritainAfrica for Britain– Earned $ by fruit farmingEarned $ by fruit farming
Borrowed to buy his fieldBorrowed to buy his field Created De Beers Created De Beers
– Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference Convinced Britain to take Convinced Britain to take
smaller areas rich in smaller areas rich in diamonds.diamonds.
– Pushed workers to the maxPushed workers to the max Firm racist (whites Firm racist (whites
superior)superior) Whites: Easy jobsWhites: Easy jobs Blacks: Work in minesBlacks: Work in mines Millions worked to death!Millions worked to death!
Gold Copper Diamond Iron Bauxite Phosphate Cobalt Manganese
Mineral Resources
Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding Why did Africa get divided up between Why did Africa get divided up between
European Countries?European Countries?– Who had the most land? Who had the Who had the most land? Who had the
highest quality land? Who was upset about highest quality land? Who was upset about getting the least?getting the least?
Why did Europeans want African Land?Why did Europeans want African Land?– What was there? How did they get it? Who What was there? How did they get it? Who
was made rich?was made rich?
Positives Negatives
Introduced different and modern ideas of education,
government, and economics
Tribal warfare was ended by the colonial
administrators. The European colonial powers established their law and order over large areas of
the continent.
“the Scramble” prevented the formation
of a unified national spirit necessary to start
a new independent country.
Left a legacy of oppression and
economically crippled the regions of Africa.
The missionaries wrote the languages and made dictionaries for the many native languages that
had only been passed by oral tradition.
Schools were established and some African students attended universities
abroad.
Colonial rulers built railroads, but the tracks ran north and south to carry raw
materials to ports.
Few rail lines went into the interior of the continent.
Colonial rulers built railroads.
Positives
Negatives
By the end of the 19th century Europeans were straddling the continent with railways and roads. This made it possible to take
control – politically and commercially.
Colonial policies turned Africans into wage earners or
cash-crop farmers.
Hundreds of thousands of Africans were hired and
trained to operate machines for getting minerals to surface.
Money was needed (by the Africans) to pay taxes to the colonial rulers.
Many Africans became economically dependent
on European trade.
The profits of all trade and manufacturing was not invested in Africa.
Positives
Negatives
Life Under Colonized RuleLife Under Colonized Rule White Settler RegionsWhite Settler Regions
– Areas where Europeans Areas where Europeans were very present and in were very present and in chargecharge Areas ruled by Areas ruled by
Belgium, PortugalBelgium, Portugal– Life was Life was mostmost brutal. brutal.
Labor, punishment, Labor, punishment, taxes.taxes.
– No opportunity to succeed.No opportunity to succeed. No choices, no l i fe.No choices, no l i fe.
Non-White Settler Non-White Settler RegionsRegions– Areas where Europeans Areas where Europeans
put Africans in charge and put Africans in charge and were not as present.were not as present. Areas colonized by Areas colonized by
Britain and France Britain and France – Life was bad, but easierLife was bad, but easier
Freedom… if you Freedom… if you labored and paid your labored and paid your taxes.taxes.
Possible for Africans to Possible for Africans to get ahead in life.get ahead in life.
– Able to chose Able to chose what to grow what to grow (market economy).(market economy).
Push for IndependencePush for Independence Africans fought with Africans fought with
Europeans in both World Europeans in both World War I & II.War I & II.
WWII- “A war to make WWII- “A war to make the world safe for the world safe for democracy and democracy and freedom.”freedom.”
Africans- “What about Africans- “What about us?”us?”
– Movements start at Movements start at “grassroots” level“grassroots” level
– Sometimes multiple Sometimes multiple movements in the same movements in the same country.country. Some areas were very Some areas were very
bloody, some were bloody, some were peaceful.peaceful.
Political independence did not bring economic independence.
African countries continued to export agricultural and mineral products to their former rulers.
There was little money to build factories. The profits of all
trade and manufacturing were not invested in Africa – and
most of the profits or benefits went to Europeans instead of
Africans.
Many African countries depended on a single export crop which was
RISKY
By not DIVERSIFYING a country leaves itself open to large LOSSES when the price of a product falls on
the world market.
Check For Understanding 2Check For Understanding 2 What were some positive aspects of What were some positive aspects of
colonization? What was negative?colonization? What was negative? Why would railroads be both positive and Why would railroads be both positive and
negative?negative? Why is cash cropping a positive and a Why is cash cropping a positive and a
negative thing?negative thing? How could life be different depending on How could life be different depending on
the European nation which ruled?the European nation which ruled? Why did World War II encourage Why did World War II encourage
independence?independence?