Africa Landforms - Davis School · PDF fileUNIT 6: -AFRICA Toto: ... Africa Landforms ......

UNIT 6: -AFRICAToto: Rains down in Africa

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Slide 2

Pangaea

• Africa’s Shape is determined by its location in the ancient continent of Pangaea

• It really didn’t move as the continents broke apart from it

• As the continents pulled away they helped to shape Africa's landscape

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Slide 3

Africa Landforms

• Continent of Plateaus• Covered by a huge plateau

• From the coast inland most of the continent is 1000 feet above sea level

• Really doesn’t have mountain ranges like the other continents

• Basins and Rivers• On the plateau are low basins

• They are huge depressions that can span 625 miles across and reach 5,000 feet deep

• Water collects in these basins• Many rivers flow to or through these

basins

• The Congo river basin contains a massive river system

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Slide 4

Landforms

• Africa is a large plateau with escarpments on the edges

• An escarpment is similar to a cliff although not as steep

• Africa has a smooth coastline with few natural harbors

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The Nile River

• The longest river in the world is the Nile River in Egypt• Flows more than 4,000 miles also

flows through Uganda and Sudan

• Many civilizations live along the Nile• Population density on the Nile is

more than 3,320 people per sqmile, compared to 216 people per square mile away from it

• People of Egypt have relied on its flooding and receding for farming for many years

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Slide 6

Africa’s Rivers

• The plateau and basins make many of the rivers difficult to use

• Rivers contain many Cataracts (waterfalls), rapids, gorges

• These features make trade and long distant travel difficult

• Their courses also make travel difficult• The Niger river, flows north, turns

into an inland delta, than turns south, forms another delta and empties to the sea

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Slide 7

The Rift Valleys• Africa doesn’t have mountain ranges, its equivalent are rift valleys

• Divergent plate activity pulled plates apart created sunken lands called the Great Rift Valley in East Africa

• These valleys have steep walls and can stretch for miles• Some stretch over 4,000 miles• Rift valleys extend from The Red Sea to South Africa• Many fill with water and form lakes at the bottom of them

• These lakes are often long and deep

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Slide 8

Lakes from the Rift Valley• The African Great Lakes were formed in the

bottom of rift valleys

• Lake Tanganyika• The longest freshwater lake in

the world

• 420 miles long

• 4,700 feet deep

• Lake Victoria• Africa’s Largest Lake

• Sits in a shallow basin

between rifts

• 2nd largest fresh water

lake in the world

• Only 270 feet deep

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Mountains

• Africa mountains are volcanic• Mount Kenya, and Mount Kilimanjaro

• Both are volcanoes• Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania at 19,341 feet• Mt. Kenya at 17,058 feet

• Volcanic rock covers large parts of the continent• The great escarpment

• Steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top• Located at the southern edge of the plateau

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Slide 10

Map showing major rivers in AfricaAfrica has several major rivers:

A. Serengeti River

B. Niger River

C. Volta River

D. Congo River

E. Orange River

F. Limpopo River

G. Zambezi River

H. Nile River

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Slide 11

Africa Vegetation

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Slide 12

Early & Modern Areas of Food Production

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Resources• Africa is rich in mineral resources such as gold, diamonds, and alloys

• An alloy is two or more minerals mixed together

• Timber is limited to countries with tropical rainforests

• Countries on the coast have fish

• Some countries have large amounts of arable land• Land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops

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Slide 14

Bauxite is used to

make aluminum.

West Africa

has large deposits

of bauxite

The green dot indicates

that South Africa is the

world’s leading producer

of gold.

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Slide 15

Africa is the world’s largest

producer of diamonds

Diamond mining in West Africa

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Slide 16

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Natural Resources of Africa

• A wealth and a scarcity

• Africa has an abundance of Natural resources but lacks the industry, infrastructure, and money to develop them• In Terms of Resources Africa is one of the

worlds richest continents

• Gold, Platinum, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Phosphates, Diamonds, and more are all found in massive amounts• South Africa is the worlds largest producer of

Chromium, an element used in stainless steel

• South Africa also produces 80% of the worlds platinum and 30% of the gold reserves

• Ores and Minerals account for more than half of the total value of Africa's exports

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Slide 18

Lack of Economic Success

• Even though Africa is wealthy when it comes to the amount of minerals, its challenges and history have hindered its economic success

• European colonialism led to rapid exports of the minerals, African nations were left undeveloped, so independent nations lack the infrastructure to do it on their own

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Slide 19

Oil • Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, and Angola all have access to petroleum

and lead Africa in petroleum exports

• But some countries like Gabon have access that is untapped

• Angola is an example of lack of economic return

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Slide 20

Angola and Oil• Recently Oil was discovered off

the coast of Angola• Enough to make it the most oil rich

country in Africa

• American Oil Companies pay Angola to drill that oil

• However, political turmoil has caused that money to be spent on a civil war that was fought through 2002• Also claimed over ½ a million

people

• Angola is now relying on loans from abroad to rebuild its schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure

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Other resources• Coffee

• After Oil coffee is the next most profitable commodity

• Few Africans Drink coffee, but they produce nearly 10% of the worlds coffee

• Lumber• Ethiopia produces the majority of

Africa’s lumber (ranks 8th world wide)• Logging is impacting the forests in

Africa• Loggers clear an area the size of New

Jersey each year

• Cocoa• Ivory Coast is worlds largest exporter

of Cocoa beans

• Sugar, Palm Oil, also major exports

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Slide 22

Supporting the Economy

• Agriculture is the single most important economic activity in Africa

• 2/3 of all Africans earn their living farming

• Farm products account for about 1/3 of the continents exports

• Though farming land is limited to certain areas of Africa due to climate

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Slide 23

Climate of Africa -Warm Continent

• Most of the Continent of Africa Lies between the Tropics• Warm – Hot

• 2 Seasons – Wet and Dry

• The middle of the continent runs along the equator• Climates along the equator see a

tropical wet climate

• Surrounding that lies the Tropical wet and dry climate

• Temperatures in these areas are more consistent throughout the full year

• Differences between day and night temperatures tend to be greater than the differences between the seasons

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Slide 24

Deserts

• Three Deserts in Africa, the Namib the Kalahari and the Sahara• Sahara is Arabic for desert

• The Sahara is about the size of the continental US• 3,000 miles across, and 1,200 miles north to south

• Only 20 percent of the Sahara is sand

• Majority is rocky mountains, rock formations, and gravel plains

• Temps can rise about 130 degrees in summer• Hot enough to cook an egg on the sand

• Temps in winter can drop below freezing at night

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Desert Travel

• Can take about 3 months travel on foot

• Camels are essential for desert travel• They can go 17 days without water

• They have eyelashes that protect it from sandstorms

• They can squeeze their nostrils shut

• Rain may not fall in the deserts for almost 6 years! • Life in the Sahara relies on

underground aquifers and oasis’

Desert Rainfall

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Slide 26

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:EAST AFRICABurundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda

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Slide 27

The Cradle of Humanity

• Some of the earliest known Prehistoric remains have been found in East Africa

• Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania• Contains the most continuous known

record of humanity

• 65 individual hominids

• Homo Habilis discovered in 1959 –first human creatures to use tools, lived 2 million years ago

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Slide 28

Crossroads of Humanity

• Geographic position also makes east Africa the crossroads of humanity

• The Red Sea and Indian Ocean made this a location for trade and cultural contact• Early Civilizations grew along or near the

coast

• Aksum (Ethiopia)• One of the earliest trading centers in east Africa

• Made contact with Egypt and even Roman Empire early on

• Collapsed in 6th century when traders started trading in Persian gulf rather than along African coast

• East Africa would again trade in 7th

century and cultures from Asia, Middle East and Europe would flow along the coast

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Imperialism – The Berlin Conference• In late 1884-85, the Berlin Conference divided up the nations of East Africa

• Paid no attention to traditional African tribal groups of cultures

• Ethiopia survives

• Emperor Menelik II, protected his country from Italian invasion with weapons they had got in trade from Russia and France

• Native Ethiopians knew the land better and defeated the Italians in 1896

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Slide 30

Independence Brings Conflict

• By the 1970s most East African nations had gained independence but the divisions of cultures and rivalries still existed• Civil wars became common when Europe left

• European Nations hadn't prepared the nations for independence

• Political boundaries had created ethnic divisions

• Rival cultures would often create massive battles and bloodshed

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Slide 31

Rwanda

• When Rwanda was first settled the people

who lived there raised cattle• If you owned more cattle you were a Tutsi

• Everyone else was a Hutu

• You could move ranks by getting more cattle

• When the Germans took control they looked at the divisions more racially• Tutsi had more, looked more European

• Germans put the Tutsis in Charge

• Hutus were the majority group (90%)… not happy

• When the Germans Lost WWII, they lost control of Rwanda and it went to Belgium• They made matters worse by mandating ID cards labeling every person a Hutu, a Tutsi,

or a Twa (a hunter gatherer)

• Belgians gave the 10% Tutsi all of the power in Government

• When independence started to grow, to prevent it the Belgians switched the status, and put the Hutu’s in power• This made the Tutsi mad and the division between the two groups would grow

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Slide 32

Rwandan Genocide

• In 1994 the president of Rwanda (a Hutu)

was killed by a missile that hit his plane• He had run a totalitarian government, which

didn’t allow Tutsis to be involved

• The Hutu blamed the attack on the Tutsi• Within 24 hours extremist Hutu had control of the government

• The extremist leaders set up road blocks in the capitol city• They checked IDs and killed any labeled as Tutsi

• They went door to door killing the Tutsi

• Would Leave bodies where they were killed as a sign of disrespect

• Estimated 800,000 – 1,000,000 were killed

• Lasted only 100 days

• Ended when a Tutsi resistance group came in and took control of the government

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Economies Post Europe

• Agriculture is the foundation of East African economies

• Rely on cash crops• Coffee, tea, and sugar

• Sold directly to outside countries

• Use up farmland for subsistence crops that are needed for survival in Africa

• Economies unstable because crop prices change world wide regularly

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Slide 34

Urbanization• Just like every country around the world, people are moving to cities

for better economic activities

• Addis Ababa capitol of Ethiopia has grown by more than 1 million people in 10 years

• Cities are not prepared for rapid growth so urban problems exist

• Agriculture workers are leaving impacting agricultural production

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Slide 35

Tourism• One of the other main economic activities in East Africa

• World Famous Wild Life Parks• Actually started by Europeans as hunting reserves. (Native Africans didn’t need

reserves because they only hunted for survival and not for sport)

• Now the parks are used for wildlife growth and tourism

• Millions of dollars each year are brought in

• Wild Life Parks create conflict because they use valuable farm land• Growing populations in East Africa require more food. Farmers want to shrink the

reserves to use the farm land.

• Farmers have started farming right up

to the borders of the reserves

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Slide 36

The Melting Pot• Many different cultural groups live in East Africa

• Over 160 different ethnic groups

• Region a diverse mixture of traditional African cultures• Two major ethnic groups in East Africa: Masai and Kikuyu

• Masai live in the grassland rift valleys herding animals• The Kikuyu are the largest ethnic group in Kenya, mainly herders

• About 6.6 million people

Masai• Traditional customs carried

through imperialism

• Still wear clothing made from calfskin or buffalo hide

• Women wear long skirt robes

• Men wear shorter robes

• Grease the robes with cow fat for protection from sun and rain

• Well known for their beadwork and jewelry

Kikuyu• Live mainly around Mount Kenya

• Now live throughout Kenya and work a variety of Jobs

• During colonial rule the Kikuyu organized a society to fight against the British

• Mau Mau,

• Started a rebellion in 1952 that lasted almost 8 years

• Over 11,000 were killed by the British

Kikuyu

Masai

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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:NORTH AFRICAAlgeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia.

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Slide 38

Egypt

• Early civilization grew in North Africa primarily because of the Nile River

• A Cultural Hearth – where ideas and innovations come together to shape a region and those ideas spread through cultural diffusion

• Egyptians were able to create a massive civilization because of the Nile River

• Egypt has been called the “Gift of the Nile”

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Slide 39

Egypt and The Nile

• Egyptians have been living around the Nile since 3300 BC• People were able to create a

civilization because they were able to farm along the Nile

• Around 3100 BC Egypt became united under a strong king• Beginning of the Egyptian dynasties

• Over the next 2,600 30 dynasties would rule Egypt

• Rulers were called pharaohs and were worshiped as Gods

• Temples and tombs were built to honor them

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Slide 40

The Nile spreads Culture

• Egyptians used the Nile to travel through Egypt and Africa

• They also moved into the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea

• Cultures were influenced back and forth

• Its believed that many of the Egyptian techniques of writing, farming, and city building were influenced by the Mesopotamians of South West Asia

• Egyptians would pioneer and spread culture

• Geometry in farming to harness the river

• Medicine

• Healing broken bones

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North Africa Religion

• Proximity brings religion• Location near Southwest Asia and the

Mediterranean Sea brought Invaders

• Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, Turks

• In 632 Muslims started spreading the religion through conquest and trade

• Muslim invaders from Southwest Asia brought Islam to the region and by 750 AD Muslims controlled most of North Africa

• The Region was tied together through a system of trade networks

• This also allowed for connections with Europe and South West Asia

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Slide 42

Economy of North Africa• North Africa went from an agricultural society to a cash crop society to

mining, to distribution of oil• Oil has transformed the economies of major nations in the North

• Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia have all been impacted by oil production• Oil is the largest export in Algeria & Libya

• Both supply the European Union

• Libya’s population cannot support the need for workers• Not enough education and training

• Oil companies are forced to give the high paying jobs to foreign workers• Money doesn’t stay in the country

• Local workers can’t get jobs and unemployment stays high• Many North Africans have migrated to Europe in search of work

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Slide 43

Culture in North Africa

• Souks• Marketplaces – common features of

North Africa

• Country Souks• Open early in morning, tents,

storytellers, musicians, fortunetellers

• City Souks• Located in the old section of a city or

town• The Medina

• Long narrow winding streets

• Marrakesh, Morocco

• High pressure sales, be willing to bargain for the lowest Price

• Bright colored clothes, food, spices, animals

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Slide 44

Music of North Africa• Algeria is home to Rai

• Developed in 1920s by poor urban children

• Carefree and centered around topics for youth

• Fast Paced and had western influences

• Before Algerian Independence in 1962 resentment towards the French was written into the music• After independence the government

tried to ban Rai

• Traditional Islamic Fundamentalists criticize Rai’s western influence

• Rai is often used to rebel against Islamic fundamentalists• Women

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Women in North Africa

• Recently the role of women in North Africa has changed• Previously

• North African Households centered around the males

• Men went to work and few women had jobs

• In Tunisia Women are having a changing role• Women's rights have improved

• Polygamy abolished

• Penalty for spouse abuse

• Women can ask for divorce

• Equal pay for women in equal Jobs

• No more preteen arranged marriages

• More women are getting professional jobs

• Women hold 20% of parliament seats

• Women manage a large number of businesses in Tunisia

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Slide 46

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:WEST AFRICABenin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo

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Slide 47

Introduction to West Africa

• The Trading Kingdoms• Three kingdoms thrived in West Africa because of their location on trade

routes across the Sahara

• Ghana

• Mali

• Songhai

• West Africa along Niger River• Farming Society known as Soninke

• Joined together for Protection

• Created the Kingdom of Ghana

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Slide 48

Location, Location, Location

• Ghana was in a perfect location for trade

• Sahara Desert in North

• Gold

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Salt and Gold

• Gold is Beautiful

• Kings wanted gold

• Valuable worldwide

• Salt is necessary

• Gives flavor to food

• Acts as a Preservative

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Slide 50

Controlling trade

• Ghana gets more power through trade

• Built up armies and weapon supplies

• Took complete control of trade

• Established Markets in Ghana

• Rulers increased personal gold supplies and created larger armies

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Slide 51

Rise of Islam in Ghana & West Africa

• Trade in Ghana brought people from all over the world

• Arab traders from East brings religion to Ghana

• Islam Spread through West Africa

• In 1060 Almoravids attack Ghana• Muslim group wanted to force leaders to convert to Islam

• Weakened kingdom of Ghana by cutting off trade routes

• Ghana falls soon after

• Islam remains and becomes most practiced religion

in West Africa

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Slide 52

Rise to Power the Kingdom of Mali

• Not long after Ghana Falls another kingdom rises near by • Mali was located right on Niger River

• Kingdom controlled river trade

• By controlling trade the empire grew rich and powerful

• Conquered surrounding kingdoms • Mansa Musa becomes Mali’s most famous ruler• Helped Mali reach its full power• Ruled for about 25 years

• 1312- 1337

• Created important trade cities• Timbuktu, Djenne, and Gao

• In 1324 he left Mali to do the Hajj• Pilgrimage to Mecca• Islamic ritual to travel to Mecca once in Lifetime

1492 Columbus 300 AD Ghana

Formed

Around 1040 Ghana Falls

Around 1230 Kingdom of Mali

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Mansa Musa helped Mali Prosper

• Mansa Musa introduced Mali to the World

• Helped Islam spread through West Africa

• Created learning centers

• Stressed study of Qur’an

• Learning to read and write Arabic

• Brought back artists and architects to build mosques

• After the death of Mansa Musa Mali lost a lot of its power

• By 1500 nearly all of the lands Mali controlled were lost

• Only a small little piece of land remained

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Slide 54

Songhai Empire• In 1300 AD Mansa Musa had conquered the rival kingdom of Songhai

• When Mail Weakened in 1400s the Songhai rose to power• Gained independence from Mali and took over most of it

• Muhammad Ture became the Greatest ruler of Songhai

• Chose the title Askia• Military rank

• Askia the Great

• He was a devout Muslim

• Took control and increased power of

main cities of Gao and Timbuktu • Great education centers of Africa

• Created a strong central Government• Professional army

• States with state governments

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Slide 55

Songhai Decline

• Askia The Great died

• Songhai lost control of lands

• Taken over by Morocco from North Africa

• Took over Timbuktu and Gao

• Changed trade routes causing the ultimate collapse of Songhai

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Slide 56

Other Nations in Early West Africa

• Stateless societies• People rely on family lineages to

govern themselves, rather than an elected monarch or government

• People in the family cooperate and share power to get work done

• Igbo of Southeast Nigeria• Ruled by the family line

• Had trouble when it faced colonization from Europe who expected one ruler to govern the society

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West Africa Today• Economy

• Trade is as important today as it was for the early kingdoms• Economy is based on sale of products to

industrialized nations

• Because trade fluctuates some countries have very unstable economies

• Sierra Leone• Some of the worst economic conditions

in the region• Has some of the highest quality

diamonds in the world• Civil war and political turmoil has made

trade difficult• Low education (35% Literacy Rate)

leaves no workers• Poor transportation systems

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Slide 58

Ghana

• Ghana is a stable trading country• Exports gold, diamonds, magnesium,

and bauxite

• Ghana produces 2x what some of the poorest countries do

• Expected to increase oil production

• Reasons:

• Political stability began earlier

• Election process has worked fair and free since 1992

• Focused on education

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Slide 59

West African Culture• Asasia –Kente Cloth

• Colorful woven cloth

• Contain geometric features

• Carries specific meaning

• Usually only warn by royalty

• Made by Ashanti people of Ghana

• Ashanti also famous for masks and

carved wooden stools

• Benin people (not of Benin but of Nigeria) • Artists who would make beautiful objects of

metal or terra cotta

• Most significant work is made from brass and are called• Benin “Bronzes”

• Statues, Masks, Jewelry

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Slide 60

West African Music• Music is a large part of West Africa

• West African music has also become an important influence on world music

• A blend of African Music with mixtures of American Jazz, Blues, and Reggae• Which all got there origins from West

Africa because of the Slave Trade and continued contact between the two regions

• Often use English or French lyrics to attract international attention

• The Kora is common in West African music• Originated in Guinea-Bissau

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Geography of Early South Africa

• Majority of people living in South Africa arrived via the Bantu Migration• Shona people came and established a

city called Great Zimbabwe• From the 1200s-1400s gold was traded

and the city grew

• 1450 the city was abandoned possibly because of overgrazing and over farming

• Mutapa Empire• Formed when Mutota left Great

Zimbabwe and settled in a valley to the north

• Founded a new state to replace Great Zimbabwe, when he died it covered almost all of present day Zimbabwe

• Mutapa thrived on the gold trade until 1500 AD when the Portuguese arrived and interfered with the politics there

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Slide 62

Europeans in Southern Africa• The Dutch were the first to move to

South Africa in the 1600s

• They clashed with the early ethnic groups and each fought against each other

• In the 1700 and the 1800s more Europeans came in and met resistance• One of the largest groups were the Zulu

• The British first fought the Zulu people and by the late 19th century the British controlled all the land of the Zulu

• The British then fought the Dutch farmers, known as the Boers, in the Boer Wars• In 1902 the British won and created the

Union of South Africa

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Slide 63

Apartheid

• In 1948 the white minority government of South Africa instituted a policy of Apartheid• Complete segregation of races

• No social contact

• Separate schools, hospitals, neighborhoods

• Blacks made up 75% of the population but received the smallest % of land

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Slide 64

African National Congress (ANC)

• In 1912 South African blacks formed a political union called the ANC to fight for their rights• Would use political demonstrations

to fight for their rights

• In 1949 a leader would rise and make a large push for rights• Nelson Mandela

• Made public demonstrations to get more rights, which landed him in serious trouble with the government

• He received a life sentence and was put in prison

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Pressure to end Apartheid• In the 1980s the world put pressure on South Africa to end the Apartheid

• In 1989 a new president would be elected who would encourage a change• F.W. de Klerk

• Throughout the 1990s the South Africa would go through a peaceful revolution and end the Apartheid• Nelson Mandela would be released from prison after 27 years

• Elections with both races took place in 1994• Nelson Mandela won the election and became the first black president

• In 1996 the government passed a new democratic constitution that protects the rights of ALL citizens

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Slide 66

Economy of South Africa

• South African nations have some of the most advanced economic systems in Africa• But they still struggle as Apartheid

has left huge economic divisions between whites and blacks• Blacks usually get the worst jobs,

least productive land, and attend the worst schools

• Effects of Apartheid• When it was in place many foreign

countries ban trade in South Africa

• Also created a gap in education as blacks went to the poor schools

• Creating two social classes in South Africa even when Apartheid ends

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Slide 67

South African Social Classes

• Upper-middle income economy like the United States• Great cities with huge industries

exist

• Johannesburg and Cape Town

• Modern cities much like America

• Modern farms and ranches

• Poverty Stricken South Africa• Shanty Towns

• Fill rural cities

• Housing shortages

• Unequal land distribution

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Slide 68

Price of Success • Botswana

• Fought for independence in 1966 and won and over the next 30 years they would raise their national income

• Found diamonds and became a major diamond producer

• Diamonds account for ½ the governments revenue

• But the distribution of the wealth has caused problems

• As it does in many African nations

• Most the people of the country work as farmers and don’t see the diamond money

• Small minority get money

• Poor farmers have to sell land to the wealthy, and have to move to less productive lands

• Leading to the a decrease in food production,

• 50% of its food has to be imported of given for international aid

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Modern Life in South Africa• Johannesburg is a modern city

much like an American city• 6 million people • Many live modern lives work as

Doctors or Lawyers and business people • These people make up the Upper

Middle Class and live in the tree lined suburbs that look like American suburbs

• Many Blacks on the other hand, because of the Apartheids legacy, still work the low paying low skill jobs• Live in the Shantytowns

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Slide 70

Health Care in Africa

• Imperialism has had its effect on development in Africa but quality of life is heavily impacted by the health care challenges

• A variety of diseases affect Africa• AIDS

• Cholera

• Malaria

• Tuberculosis

• Each has its own challenges and reasons for spreading

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Slide 71

Cholera

• Infection in the Intestine, Causes diarrhea and vomiting• Death comes from rapid dehydration

and electrolyte imbalance

• Infection that is spread by Inadequate sanitation and lack of clean water supply• Fatal if not treated

• 2000 – 2001 flooding caused an outbreak of Cholera in Mozambique• International relief efforts helped

prevent spreading

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Slide 72

Malaria

• Chills and Fever and headache that can lead to a coma and can be fatal

• Carried and spread by Mosquitoes

• Places with low economic development are often more impacted by malaria

• Become resistant to standard drugs because of over use of those drugs in the past several decades

• No effective vaccine has been developed

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Fight Against Diseases

• Countries from around the world have been working together • To Fight Malaria African nations have

been using SPRAYING TECHNIQUES since the 1930s

• Vaccine Programs have been created to help get vaccinations to children in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe• Global Fund for Children’s Vaccine

pledged more than $250 Million dollars

• Improving Health Care Systems• Gabon is using oil revenue to improve

health care

• African Development fund approved a loan of nearly $12.3 million dollars to help Mozambique improve its hospitals and clinics

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Slide 74

HIV & AIDS in Africa• The most severe disease in Africa (has become a pandemic)

• An uncontrollable outbreak of a disease affecting a largepopulation over a wide geographic area

• 67 percent of the worlds adult AIDS cases are in Africa • 90 Percent of all new cases of children with AIDS are in Africa • AIDS is often accompanied by Tuberculosis, a respiratory

infection that is one of the more common reasons for death in AIDS victims

• In 2008 AIDS took the lives of around 2 million people worldwide

• About 1.4 million lived in Africa• In Swaziland 3 out of every 4 deaths was attributed to AIDS

• Life expectancy has dropped from 58 years to 37 years old

• in 2008 22.4 million people in Africa were living with HIV or AIDS

• Uganda• In 1997 Uganda began to offer same day HIV tests and education programs• Infection rates among 15 to 24 year olds dropped by 50%

• South Africa has the most severely affected area with AIDS• Zimbabwe and Botswana about 25% of all adults were infected with HIV in 2006

• In 1994 the life expectancy in Botswana was 60 years• In 1999 it declined to 39 years• Because of education and medicine it has risen above 61 since then• Caused economic trouble as many of the highly skilled workers ended up dying of the disease

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Slide 75

Economic Impact of Disease

• People who are sick…. Work less, or don’t work• Earn Less

• Poverty Increases

• Economists predicted that by 2010 the GDP of South Africa would be 17% lower than it would have been if not for AIDS

• AIDS Care is expensive• UN program, UNAIDS, studies the

AIDS epidemic

• Estimates that $4.63 BILLION dollars will be needed to fight AIDS in Africa

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Slide 76

Recent Stats

• UNAIDS says that the number of people newly infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa in 2008 has dropped to 1.9 million people from 2.3 million people in 2001• Drop might be from education

programs but UNAIDS cautions that it might mean that almost as many people are dying of AIDS as are being infected with HIV

• More improvement in Education and Health Care is needed for future progress and change and quality of life improvement

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Africa Landforms - Davis School · PDF fileUNIT 6: -AFRICA Toto: ... Africa Landforms ......

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