Com afinar un piano vost mateix A simple online guide to tuning a piano. Una guia en lnia fcil d'afinar un piano. Learn the minimum equipment needed and a step-by-step procedure. Conegui l'equip mnim necessari i un procediment pas a pas. Introduction | Equipment | Procedure | Resources | Feedback Introducci | Equip | Procediment | Recursos | vots Piano Tuning: Deceptively Simple Piano Tuning: enganyosament simple Piano tuning is a surprisingly simple process, though clothed in mystery by those "in the know." afinaci del piano s un simple procs sorprenentment, encara embolicat en el misteri dels "que saben". When I wanted to learn how to tune my piano, I could not find information on the web that clearly explained how to do it without insisting I buy a book or take a course. Quan vaig voler aprendre a afinar el meu piano, no vaig poder trobar informaci a la web que explica clarament com fer-ho sense insistir que comprar un llibre o prendre un curs. So after research and trying it myself, I have developed the method on this page, using the three pictured tools: mutes, electronic tuner and a tuning wrench. Aix que desprs de la investigaci i tractar jo mateix, he desenvolupat el mtode en aquesta pgina, utilitzant les tres eines a la foto: muts, afinador electrnic i una clau d'afinaci.

Reality Check Reality Check Before we leap into the details, let me explain the expression " deceptively simple." At first glance piano tuning seems straightforward, but there's more you should know. Abans de donar el salt en els detalls, permetin-me explicar l'expressi "enganyosament simple." A primera vista afinaci de pianos primer sembla senzill, per hi ha ms que haureu de saber. While you can learn the basic mechanics of tuning piano strings quickly using the directions on this page, good piano tuning technique is very much a learned skill. Mentre que vost pot aprendre la mecnica bsica de cordes de piano ajust rpidament fent servir les instruccions en aquesta pgina, piano tcnica d'afinaci s molt bona una habilitat que s'aprn. It requires patience and practice. Cal pacincia i prctica. Good overall tone involves more than turning pins. Bon to general involucra ms de agulles d'inflexi. Professional piano tuners and technicians spend years learning the nuances. afinadors de piano professionals i tcnics de passar anys aprenent els matisos. This page does not replace the professional piano tuner. The simplified approach given here can be useful for those who want to keep things going between professional tunings, those who wish to experiment, even performers who need to do an emergency fix before the recital. Aquesta pgina no substitueix el afinador de pianos professionals. L'enfocament simplificat ja que aqu pot ser til per a aquells que volen mantenir les coses entre afinacions professionals, aquells que volen experimentar, fins i tot els artistes que cal fer una revisi d'emergncia abans del recital. I have even heard from people who had a piano so neglected that a professional piano tuner refused to tune it. Fins i tot he sentit de gent que hi havia un piano en l'aband que un afinador de pianos professionals es van negar a afinar. This method might at least make it playable once more. Aquest mtode podria almenys fer de jugar un cop ms. The piano is a large and complex instrument. It can be quite a task to get all the keys in tune, and this gets worse the longer the piano has not been tuned. El piano s un instrument complex i de grans dimensions. Pot ser una tasca de aconseguir les claus en sintonia, i aix s'agreuja com ms temps el piano no s'ha sintonitzat. A piano that has been left untuned for a long time may not hold tune with a standard tuning and may need a "pitch-raise" (an extended tuning regimen requiring several passes tuning the entire piano until everything will finally stay in tune.) Beyond that, voicing and regulating the action may be required to restore the best tone. Un piano que s'ha deixat sintonitzada durant molt de temps no podran dur a to amb una afinaci estndard i pot ser necessari un "pitch-raise" (un rgim d'ajust que requereixen diversos passos estesa afinar el piano tot fins que tot finalment es quedar en sintonia.) Ms enll de que, expressar i regular el recurs podr ser obligat a restaurar el millor to. Some pianos will require repairs, like misaligned hammers or loose pins, which are beyond the scope of this page (though we do have some resources we can recommend.) Alguns pianos requeriran reparacions, com martells descurats o claus solts, que estan fora de l'abast d'aquesta pgina (encara que s tenim alguns recursos que podem recomanar.) Know the risks. If you are careless in your tuning technique, you can break strings, loosen or bend pins or cause other damage. Conegui els riscos. Si vost s descuidat en la seva tcnica posada a punt, vost pot trencar les cadenes, afluixi o doblar els perns o causar altres danys. Too many loose pins, for example, may render the piano practically un-tunable and too expensive to repair. Massa fluix molts agulles, per exemple, poden fer que el piano gaireb un-sintonitzables i massa costosos de reparar. Read this entire page! I occasionally receive remarks from professional tuners critical of this web site. Llegir aquesta pgina sencera! De tant en tant reben comentaris dels sintonitzadors de professionals crtics d'aquest lloc web. Those remarks are welcome; I use them to improve the website, though sometimes it is clear that they have dismissed the site without reading it completely. Aquests comentaris sn benvinguts, i jo les s per a millorar la pgina web, encara que de vegades s evident que s'han desestimat el lloc sense necessitat de llegir per complet. Please read the entire website carefully to be certain you understand the details, risks and limitations of this simplified procedure. Si us plau llegiu amb atenci tot el lloc web per assegurar-se que entn els detalls, riscos i limitacions d'aquest procediment simplificat. This author is not a professional piano tuner; I was just willing to try piano tuning myself . Aquest autor no s un afinador de pianos professionals, jo estava disposat a intentar piano sintonia mi mateix. I have an older student-quality piano, not a priceless Steinway. Tinc un piano d'un alumne ms qualitat, no un preu Steinway. I don't think I'd risk anything expensive or precious. No crec que res em costa, o preciosos. Still, I did it myself, and I am happy with the results. No obstant aix, jo mateix ho vaig fer, i estic content amb els resultats. I think other piano owners can do the same. Crec que altres propietaris de piano pot fer el mateix. With that, let's get some tools. Amb aix, anem a buscar unes eines. Introduction | Equipment | Procedure | Resources | Feedback Introducci | Equip | Procediment | Recursos | vots

MINIMUM PIANO TUNING TOOLS MNIM EINES PIANO Sintonitzaci You will need some special piano tuning tools. I used the following piano tuning tools, purchased from piano tool suppliers on the internet. Es necessita una mica d'afinaci de pianos eines especials. Vaig fer servir l'afinaci de pianos segents eines, comprat a provedors d'eines de piano a l'Internet. I do not recommend homemade workarounds like socket wrenches or foam chunks. Jo no recomano solucions casolanes, com claus de vas o trossos d'escuma. Get the right tools for the job. Obtingui les eines correctes per al treball. You will have better results, less frustration, and be less likely to damage the piano. Tindrs millors resultats, menys frustraci, i ser menys possibilitats de danyar el piano. A set of basic tools will cost less than a single professional tuning. Un conjunt d'eines bsiques costar menys d'un ajust nic professional.

Assortment of Piano Tuning Mutes Assortiment d'afinaci de pianos Silencia Shown 25% actual size Es mostra un 25% la seva mida real 1 Rubber tuning wedges or "mutes" made for piano tuning (only a dollar or two each, at PianoSupplies.com, for example) Assorted sizes come in handy. 1 de sintonia falques de goma o "silencia" fet per afinaci de pianos (noms un o dos dlars cada un, a PianoSupplies.com, per exemple) de diverses mides sn tils. I use the ones with a wire handle most often. Jo s els que tenen una nansa de filferro amb ms freqncia. You'll need at least two rubber wedge mutes to get started. Several other kinds of mutes are available for muting whole ranges of strings and muting just the middle of three strings. Vost necessitar almenys dos falca de goma silencia per comenar. Diversos altres tipus de sordines estan disponibles per silenciar sries completes de les cordes i silencia noms la meitat de tres cordes. You may find these useful as you gain skill. Vost pot trobar aquests tils a mesura que l'habilitat de guany. (A reader offers this tip about wedges for those tempted to save money here: "You cannot mute the strings with your fingers, even if you have three hands. The heat from your fingertips will make the string expand, so you'll tighten it, and it'll go sharp as soon as it cools!") (Un lector ofereix aquest consell sobre falques per als quals la temptaci d'estalviar diners aqu: "No es pot silenciar les cordes amb els dits, fins i tot si vost t tres mans. La calor de la seva m far que la cadena d'ampliar, de manera que s'estrenyi , i anir forta tan aviat com es refreda! ") 2 Tuning hammer or lever or wrench (actually a specialized wrench to turn the string pins). 2 Ajusteu el martell o la palanca o una clau (en realitat una clau especialitzats per convertir els passadors de cadena). This is the most expensive tool you'll need--and also the most important. Aquesta s l'eina ms cara que vost necessita - i tamb el ms important. It has a special "star" socket shape that is designed to fit piano pins. T un especial de "estrella" pren la forma que est dissenyat per adaptar-se als pins de piano. There is a variety of hammers to choose from at PianoSupplies.com . Hi ha una varietat de martells per escollir en PianoSupplies.com . In most cases, the more expensive, the higher the quality. En la majoria dels casos, el ms car, ms gran ser la qualitat. Better models like mine have interchangeable head for even interchangeable tips in case you run into an odd pin size or encounter a cabinet configuration where a shorter or longer head is better. Millors models com el meu t el cap intercanviable per puntes intercanviables, fins i tot en cas que vost es troba amb una mida de pins senars o trobar una configuraci d'un gabinet on el cap ms curta o ms llarga s millor. In order to feel the subtle motions, you need a solid tool with no wiggle in the handle and a secure fit to the pin. Per tal de sentir els moviments subtils, necessita una eina slida sense moure la maneta i un ajustament segur per el passador. I have received comments from people who have purchased inferior tools, and they have trouble with the head slipping, binding--even unscrewing--or a poor angle on the head that interferes with the feel. He rebut comentaris de persones que han comprat eines inferior, i tenen problemes amb el cap lliscament, la uni - fins i tot desenroscant - o un angle de pobres al cap que interfereix amb la sensaci. I tinkered briefly with a standard crescent wrench (I can hear you pro tuners shuddering now!), but it did not work well. Jo vanament breument amb una clau anglesa estndard (et sento pro sintonitzadors tremolant ara!), Per no va funcionar aix. It slipped easily, tended to damage the squared edges of the pins, and was too short to control the turn anyway--not a good idea. Va lliscar amb facilitat, tendeixen a danyar les vores quadrats de les clavilles, i era massa curt per controlar el gir de totes maneres - no s una bona idea. The square shape of the pins ruled out proper use of a standard hex socket. La forma quadrada dels perns descartat l's adequat d'una clau de tub hexagonal estndard. Some people reverse a 1/4" hex socket, and use the 1/4" square opening that you normally use to attach the socket to the wrench. Algunes persones invertir un 1 / 4 "de cap hexagonal, i l's de 1 / 4" obertura quadrada que sol utilitzar per connectar el connector a la clau. This can work in a pinch, but it does not fit the pin as completely and a socket wrench handle is too short for fine control. Aix pot funcionar en un comproms, per no encaixa en el passador d'all ms completa i una clau de vas de mango s massa curt per a un control precs. Furthermore, the star socket on a real tuning hammer will allow you to attach to the pin at more angles, which can be important for maintaining the delicate control needed to turn the pin just right. D'altra banda, la presa d'estrella en un ajust real de martell li permetr connectar a la clavilla en ms ngulos, la qual cosa pot ser important per mantenir el delicat control necessaris per canviar el pin a la perfecci. I do not recommend any improvised wrenches because you do not want to risk damaging, bending or loosening the pin. Please buy a proper wrench! Jo no recomano cap improvisat claus perqu no volen arriscar-se a danyar, doblar o extreure el passador. Si us plau compra una clau apropiada! NOTE: If you purchase a lever with interchangeable tips, be certain to purchase a tip wrench as well to properly tighten the tip. NOTA: Si vost compra una palanca amb puntes intercanviables, assegureu-vos de comprar una clau de punta , aix ajustar correctament la punta. If you do not use a tip wrench, the tip is likely to unscrew while attempting to turn a pin. Si no fa servir una clau de punta, la punta s probable que descargolar en intentar convertir una agulla. The wrench pictured in this tutorial has an interchangeable heads that have fixed tips. La clau es mostren en aquest tutorial t una capals intercanviables que han fixat consells.

Piano Tuning Hammer/Lever/Wrench, about 12" long. Piano Tuning Hammer / Palanca / Clau, a uns 12 "de llarg.

The KORG CA-30 El Korg CA-30 The size of a deck of cards La mida d'una baralla de cartes 3 Electronic tuner. I use a Korg Chromatic Tuner, model CA-30 3 afinador electrnic. Puc utilitzar un afinador cromtic Korg, model CA-30 . . This little fellow is KEY (no pun intended) to making this process as painless as possible. Aquest petit s KEY (sense doble sentit) per fer que aquest procs sigui el menys dolors possible. I tried using a tuning fork He intentat utilitzar un forquilla de sintonia , but it was too difficult. , Per era massa difcil. The electronic tuner makes it much easier and faster. El afinador electrnic fa que sigui molt ms fcil i ms rpid. And it is inexpensive, less than $20.00 shipped from Amazon. I no s car, a menys de $ 20,00 enviats des Amazon. (There are more elaborate electronic tuners dedicated to piano tuning, which many professional tuners use these days, rather than tuning forks (Hi ha sintonitzadors electrnics elaborats ms dedicat a l'afinaci del piano, que molts sintonitzadors d's professional en aquests dies, en lloc de diapasons , but they are hundreds of dollars. , Per sn centenars de dlars. There are software piano tuning programs that emulate the electronic professional tuners, but even these are $100 to $300.) For the do-it-yourself method in this tutorial, any chromatic tuner in the inexpensive Korg lines will work. Hi ha programes de programari d'afinaci de pianos que emulen els sintonitzadors electrnics professionals, per fins i tot aquestes sn de $ 100 a $ 300.) A-vost-mateix mtode de fer en aquest tutorial, qualsevol afinador cromtic en el baix cost lnies Korg funcionar. NOTE: Guitar-only tuners will not work as well, because they recognize fewer notes than a full chromatic tuner, but a chromatic Korg Tuner NOTA: noms per als sintonitzadors de la guitarra no funciona tan b, perqu reconeixen menys notes d'un afinador cromtic complet, per un sintonitzador cromtic Korg will tune all instruments, from guitars to brass and more! sintonitzar tots els instruments, des de guitarres de llaut i molt ms! You can always upgrade your tuner, but a simple one will get you started. Vost pot augmentar sempre el seu sintonitzador, sin una simple l'ajudar a comenar. 4 Light source to shine into the piano. 4 Font de llum per brillar al piano. It's pretty dark, and there are a lot of strings and other stuff in there. s bastant fosc, i hi ha un munt de cadenes i altres coses all. Easy to get lost...make sure a loved one knows where you are. Fcil de perdre's ... assegurar-se que un sser estimat sap on es troba. Introduction | Equipment | Procedure | Resources | Feedback Introducci | Equip | Procediment | Recursos | vots PIANO TUNING PROCEDURE PIANO procediment d'ajust 1 Clear the work area --indeed, the whole house if you can--of other humans. 1 Aclarida l'rea de treball - de fet, tota la casa si es pot - d'altres ssers humans. Lock the doors. Bloqueig de les portes. Piano tuning requires concentration. afinaci del piano requereix concentraci. Give yourself plenty of room by opening the lid all the way. Doneu un munt de lloc mitjanant l'obertura de la tapa fins al final. You may want to remove several of the screwed-in cabinet members to give yourself more room. s possible que vulgueu eliminar alguns dels cargolats en els membres del gabinet per disposar de ms espai. It's OK, they are made to be removed, but be careful not to remove those that hold the keys or the action in place. Est b, ells estan fets per ser eliminat, per aneu amb compte de no eliminar aquelles que tenen les claus o l'acci al seu lloc. Position your light source. Col loqueu la font de llum.

In position to tune. En condicions de sintonitzar. My piano has 2 strings per El meu piano t 2 cordes per key at this octave; clau en aquesta vuitena; most pianos have 3. la majoria dels pianos tenen 3. 2 Start with the middle octave (Middle C on up to C'). amb 2 Inicieu la vuitena mitjana (Middle C en un mxim de C '). Each piano key strikes one to three strings. Cada piano vagues clau des d'una fins tres cordes. Pick one string to tune at a time; if there are three strings, start with the middle. Esculli una cadena per sintonitzar al mateix temps, si hi ha tres cordes, comenci amb el medi. Carefully find the pin that turns the string you want to tune. Amb cura, trobar el pin que converteix la cadena que voleu sintonitzar. Stick the rubber wedges in to stop the vibration of the other one or two strings in the set. S'atinguin a les falques de goma per aturar la vibraci d'una o dues altres cadenes en el conjunt. While repeatedly striking the piano key FIRMLY, turn the pin with the tuning wrench until the electronic tuner shows that it's in tune. Si b en diverses ocasions colpejant el piano Fermament clau, al seu torn el passador amb la clau d'ajust fins que el afinador electrnic mostra que est en sintonia. The Korg CA-30 automatically detects the note you are trying to reach. El Korg CA-30 detecta automticament la nota que est intentant aconseguir. If you are really off, it may show the wrong note, so make sure you know what you are looking for. Si vost s realment la tensi, es pot mostrar la nota equivocada, aix que assegureu-vos que sap el que busca. Tips about this process: Dades sobre aquest procs: Proceed slowly . Procediu lentament. Stretching a string too quickly can break it, especially an old string. Estirar una cadena massa rpid pot trencar, sobretot una cadena d'edat. If the string is really far out, you may want to tune it in several steps, allowing it to rest a few minutes between turns. Si la cadena s molt lluny, molts de vosaltres voleu per ajustar en diverses etapes, permetent que aquesta descansi uns minuts entre cada torn. (Thanks to a reader for pointing this out.) (Grcies a un lector per assenyalar aix.) Righty Tighty, Lefty Loosey! Turning the pin right/clockwise will tighten the pin and raise the pitch. Tighty dret, esquerr Loosey! Pel que fa al dret pin / les agulles del rellotge s'estrenyi el pern de la font i el terreny de joc. Turning it left/counter-clockwise will loosen the pin and lower the pitch. Si es gira cap a l'esquerra o cap a l'esquerra es afluixi el pern i inferior terreny de joc. Do not overwork the pin. Twist it gently, little by little, without bending it. No treballeu excessivament la clavilla. Twist suaument, a poc a poc, sense doblegar-la. Don't wiggle it side to side in any way. No es mogui de costat a costat de cap manera. Move the pin as little as you can (you'll get better with practice.) Too much twisting and wiggling can loosen it; a loose pin will keep slipping out of tune. Moveu el passador de tan poc com pugui (s'obtenen millors amb la prctica.) Massa torar i es mou molt pot afluixar, un passador solt segueixen lliscant fora de to. Rough technique may permanently loosen pins. tcnica de forma permanent en brut es poden afluixar els perns. Loose tuning pins will need to be replaced by a professional. perns solts ajust haur de ser substitut per un professional. About "Setting the Pin." Setting the pin means to move it in such a way that it does not easily slip back out of tune. Quant a "Configuraci del Pin." Configuraci de la patilla mitjans per moure's de tal manera que no recaure amb facilitat fora de to. To set the pin your final tuning movements should be: Per establir el passador seus moviments d'ajustament final ha de ser: 1. a slight tightening/clockwise move to stretch the string just a hair above pitch prmer una mica / moure les agulles del rellotge per estirar la cadena noms un pl per sobre de llanament 2. followed by an even slighter loosening/counterclockwise to move into pitch. seguida per un relaxament encara menor / esquerra per moure's en terreny de joc. This is where practice comes in. The better the tuner, the better he or she is at setting the pins, and the longer the piano holds tune. Aqu s on entra en joc la prctica Com millor sigui el sintonitzador, el millor ell o ella est en configuraci dels pins, i com ms temps t el piano desafinat. As a novice, your piano probably won't hold tune as long because of this important skill. Com un principiant, el seu piano probablement no dur a terme sintonitzar sempre a causa d'aquesta important habilitat. Loosen the tension a little first before tightening. Better to relax the string than to overtighten needlessly, especially if you happen to be on the wrong string! Afluixi la tensi una mica primer abans de prmer. Millor per relaxar-que la cadena de no prmer massa sense necessitat, especialment si vost passa estar a la corda equivocada! Overtightening breaks strings, and is a common error for inexperienced tuners Si prem massa es trenca cadenes, i s un error com per als sintonitzadors sense experincia Striking the key firmly is important . Aconseguir la tecla amb fermesa s important. The vibrations this creates equalized the tension along the string. Les vibracions que aix crea va igualar la tensi al llarg de la cadena. A string firmly struck while tuning will stay in tune lnger. Una cadena amb fermesa colpejat durant l'afinaci es quedar en lnger melodia. If you tune by playing softly, the string may relax later when someone does play it hard, and it will slip out of tune. If you like, you can begin your tuning of each key with gentler hits; striking it hard all the time is exhausting and irritating to the ear. Si sintonitza jugant en veu baixa, la cadena pot relaxar-se desprs quan alg juga dur, i llisqui fora de to. Si ho desitja, pot comenar la seva posada a punt de cada tecla amb suaus cops; colpejar dur tot el temps s esgotadora i irritant per l'oda. When you think you have it, hit it hard a few times as you finish the final touches. Quan penses que ho tens, dna-li dur un parell de vegades com acabi el toc final. As you tune with an electronic tuner, particular an inexpensive one with its jumpy LCD needle, you will find it nearly impossible to hit dead on the frequency each time. En sintonitzar amb un afinador electrnic, especialment un barat amb els seus salts d'agulla LCD, li resultar gaireb impossible colpejar morts en la freqncia cada vegada. I tend to stay just a shade sharp when in doubt, as my piano generally goes out of tune to the flat, not the sharp. Tendeixo a romandre a penes una ombra afilada en cas de dubte, com el meu piano va generalment fora de to al pis, no el punt. Tuning a little sharp also gives a brighter sound, but do not overdo it. Posada a punt del poc fort tamb li dna un so ms brillant, per no exageri. A good piano tuner may tune the middle register a little sharp on purpose, because the process of tuning the high and low registers can flat the middle sometimes. (Fast explanation: All those strings put a lot of tension on the sound board. As you work your way to the ends of the keyboard, the resulting tension changes can subtly alter the shape of the sound board, reducing the tension on the middle octaves, causing the middle octaves to flat.) If you tune the middle a little sharp, by the time you finish the upper and lower, the middle will, in theory, be in tune. Un afinador de pianos b pot sintonitzar el medi registrar una mica fort a propsit, perqu el procs d'ajustament de l'alada i registres baixos plans poden de vegades el medi. (Explicaci rpida: Totes les cadenes de posar un munt de tensi a la caixa de ressonncia. Com la seva forma de treball als extrems del teclat, els canvis tensi resultant subtilment pot alterar la forma de la caixa de ressonncia, el que redueix la tensi en les octaves mig, provocant les octaves mitj de plnols.) Si sintonitza el centre una mica ms agut, per Quan acabi la part superior i inferior, el medi, en teoria, estar en sintonia. I wouldn't worry about this as a beginner. Jo no em preocuparia per aix com un principiant. This is an advanced technique that the experience of the professional can bring, and you can work toward as your skills improve. Aquesta s una tcnica avanada que l'experincia del professional poden aportar, i vost pot treballar per millorar les seves habilitats com. (When you really know what you are doing, then you will learn how to stretch the octaves. See Technical Sidenotes below.) (Quan vost realment sap el que est fent, a continuaci, vost aprendr com estirar les octaves. Vegeu Sidenotes tcnica a continuaci.) 3 After the first string is tuned, it's time to match the other string or two in the set to the first; this is called "tuning the unisions." 3 Desprs de la primera corda s'afina, s el moment perqu coincideixi amb l'altra cadena o dues en el conjunt de la primera, el que s'anomena "posada a punt del unisions". Move the wedges so that the first string and the second string are free, but the third, if present, is still dampened by a wedge. Ignore the tuner . Moure les falques perqu la cadena primera i la segona cadena sn gratuts, per el tercer, si est present, segueix sent opacada per una falca. Ignorar el sintonitzador. Just put your wrench on the second string's pin. Noms posi el seu clau anglesa en la segona cadena de passador. While repeatedly striking the key hard, turn the second pin until you can hear no more "beats"--that is, it sounds like one note, not two in disharmony. Si b en diverses ocasions colpejant la clau dur, al seu torn el passador de segon fins que pugui sentir res ms "cops" - s a dir, sona com una nota, no dos en desharmonia. Repeat for the third string if necessary, with all wedges removed. Repetiu el procediment per a la tercera corda en cas necessari, amb totes les falques eliminat. If you are not sure what to listen for, here is an mp3 (104k file) I recorded of a piano note being tuned. In the recording, I start with a middle A that is in tune, then use my tuning wrench to loosen one of the strings out of tune, then bring it back in tune again. Disclaimer: In order to demonstrate in this mp3, I have turned the pin much more than is healthy for the pin. Si no sabeu del que escolti, que aqu hi ha un mp3 (104K d'arxiu) que vaig gravar d'un piano en compte que s'est afinant. En la gravaci, s'inicia amb una una mitjana que est en sintonia, a continuaci, utilitzar la meva clau d'afinaci per afluixar una de les cadenes fora de to, i desprs portar-lo de nou a to altre cop. Descrrec de responsabilitat: Per tal de demostrar en aquest mp3, m'he donat el passador molt ms que s saludable per al passador. Move your pins as little as possible to avoid loosening them. Mogui la seva agulles el menys possible per evitar l'afluixament d'ells. Alternatively, you could tune all the strings in a key's set with the electronic tuner, but that's not as easy as you might think. Tamb podeu sintonitzar totes les cadenes en clau d'un conjunt amb el afinador electrnic, per aix no s tan fcil com vost podria pensar. Getting that little indicator to line up just right becomes tedious fast. Aconseguir que l'indicador poc a la direcci adequada es converteix en tedis rpid. Using your ear to tune the strings to each other is faster and will sound better (see technical note below) Usant l'orella per afinar les cordes l'un a l'altre s ms rpid i millor so (vegeu la nota tcnica ms endavant) 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each key in the middle octave. 4 Repetiu els passos 2 i 3 per a cada tecla al centre d'octava.

5 Use the first octave as your guide to tune the adjacent octaves. Ignore the electronic tuner again. 5 Utilitzeu la primera octava com a guia per ajustar les octaves adjacents. Ignora l'afinador electrnic nou. Tune the octaves above and below the middle by ear, matching them to the middle octave, eg, A to A, B to B, etc. Tune one string in the note at a time (muting the others)--this time comparing it to the corresponding note in the middle octave rather than the electronic tuner. Sintonitzi les octaves per sobre i per sota de la meitat d'oda, igualant a la mitjana vuitena, per exemple, de A a A, B a B, etc Sintonitzeu una cadena en la nota a la vegada (muting els altres) - aquest cop comparant a la nota corresponent al centre en lloc de la vuitena afinador electrnic. Then tune the other string(s) within the note to the first as described above. Desprs ajustar l'altra cadena (s) dins de la nota a la primera com es descriu anteriorment. Repeat for all octaves, always using the nearest tuned octave to tune the next octave above or below. Repetiu per a totes les octaves, utilitzant sempre la ms propera vuitena afinat per sintonitzar la vuitena immediatament superior o inferior. There you are--a tuned piano! Aqu el tens - un piano afinat! Alternatively, you could in theory use an electronic tuner to tune all the octaves on the piano. Com a alternativa, podria, en teoria, utilitzar un afinador electrnic per afinar totes les octaves al piano. There are several problems with this: Hi ha diversos problemes amb aix: Just as above, getting that indicator on the electronic tuner to settle down can be nerve-wracking. Igual que anteriorment, aconseguir aquest indicador en el afinador electrnic per establir pot ser tenses. You will find that watching the tuner all the time will just slow you down. Vost trobar a veure el sintonitzador tot el temps noms li far perdre temps. "Hearing it" will be more efficient and less frustrating once you get the hang of it. "Audincia" ser ms eficient i menys frustrant quan arribi el pengi d'ella. The simple electronic tuner recommended here works best on the middle octave. El afinador electrnic simple que aqu es recomana que funciona millor en la part mitjana vuitena. It may work on a few keys above and below the middle octave, but it has trouble "hearing" once you get much further. Es pot treballar en unes quantes tecles amunt i avall de la meitat d'octava, per t problemes per "escoltar" quan arribi molt ms lluny. A better tuner or maybe a remote contact mic might help. Un sintonitzador de millor o potser un micrfon de contacte a distncia pot ajudar. The Korg CM-100 Tuner Clip works with any tuner with an audio input jack, and is actually handy for tuning in general to help you get as close to the targeted strings as possible and thus less affected by ambient noise or the changes in pitch as the sound bounces around the piano or the room. El Korg CM-100 Sintonitzador clip funciona amb qualsevol sintonitzador amb un jack d'entrada d'udio, i s realment til per afinar, en general, per ajudar-lo a arribar tan a prop de les cordes dirigit com sigui possible i per tant menys afectades pel soroll ambient o els canvis en el to com el so rebota al voltant del piano o l'espai. In reality, a piano is 99% tuned to itself. En realitat, un piano s del 99% en sintonia amb la prpia. The different lengths and types of strings in a single piano tend to alter their resonant characteristics from the ideal. Les diferents longituds i tipus de cadenes en un piano sol tendeixen a alterar les seves caracterstiques de ressonncia de l'ideal. The mathematically correct pitch actually sounds out of tune for many keys, especially in the extreme high and low octaves, and moreso on smaller pianos with shorter strings. El to matemticament correcte sona realment fora de to de moltes claus, sobretot en les octaves extrema alta i baixa, i ms encara en les petites pianos amb cadenes ms curtes. If you tune the entire piano using a simple electronic tuner, the top registers will sound flat, and the bottom registers sharp. Si afinar el piano sencer usant un afinador electrnic simple, els registres dalt sonar plana, i en els registres aguts inferior. Putting the electronic tuner aside to tune unisons by ear will get you closer to proper adjustment automatically. Posar el afinador electrnic a un costat per unsons melodia d'oda ens pot apropar ms a un ajust apropiat automticament. This also more closely approaches what a professional piano tuner who tunes by ear does. Aix tamb el que ms s'aproxima un afinador de pianos professionals que es melodies d'oda. If you prefer an electronic tuner to tune every octave, then you will need a professional piano tuner's electronic tuner or tuning software. Si prefereix un afinador electrnic per afinar totes les octaves, llavors necessitar un sintonitzador d'electrnica de afinador de pianos professionals o programari d'optimitzaci. Technical Sidenotes Tcnic Sidenotes Because of the peculiar harmonicities of piano strings, the ONLY note on a piano that is precisely tuned to an outside standard is "A" in the middle octave, that being 440 Hz. A causa de la harmonicities peculiar de cordes del piano, l'nica nota en un piano que s'ajusta amb precisi a un nivell fora s "A" al centre de vuitena, que l'sser 440 Hz A professional tuner who tunes only by ear may just tune the "A" with a tuning fork and tune the rest by ear. Un sintonitzador de professionals que noms melodies d'oda noms pot sintonitzar la "A" amb un forquilla d'ajust i ajustar la resta d'oda. To tune a piano exactly right, one must "stretch octaves," which is to intentionally tune the upper registers progressively sharp and the lower registers progressively flat. Per sintonitzar un piano en el cert, cal "estirar les octaves", que s intencionadament sintonitzar els registres superiors agudes i progressivament els registres ms baixos progressivament plana. There is electronic equipment and software that can help a professional piano tuner calculate precise frequencies, but these are expensive. Hi ha equips electrnics i programari que pot ajudar a un afinador de pianos professionals calcular freqncies necessries, per aquests sn cars. In my method, we are tuning the entire middle octave to an outside standard, which is not the best, but it's better than not being in tune at all. En el meu mtode, estem sintonitzant el medi vuitena tota persona a un nivell exterior, que no s el millor, per s millor que no estar en sintonia a tots. The middle octave is stretched the least of all the octaves, so the effect is minimized. El centre d'octava s'estira la menor de totes les octaves, aix que l'efecte sigui mnim. The most popular modern model for the frequency for each note is called "equal temperament." El model modern ms popular per la freqncia de cada nota es diu "temperament igual". Ideally, the "perfect" piano will be tuned with mathematically calculated frequencies that have precise intervals between notes determined by the equal temperament model. Idealment, el "perfecte" piano estar en sintonia amb les freqncies que s'han calculat matemticament intervals entre les notes necessries determinades pel model de temperament igual. Tuning the entire piano with an electronic tuner that is not specially designed for pianos will be close to true equal temperament. Posant a punt al piano sencer amb un afinador electrnic que no est especialment dissenyat per a pianos estaran prop de temperament igual veritat. But, as explained above, that does not sound right. Per, com s'explica ms amunt, que no sona b. Stretching the octaves compensates for this, in effect creating a customized version of equal temperament unique to each piano. L'estirament de les octaves compensa aquesta, en efecte la creaci d'una versi personalitzada de temperament igual nica per a cada piano. There are actually multiple temperaments, or piano tuning schemes, really, that have been developed through the years. En realitat, hi ha mltiples temperaments, o sistemes d'afinaci de piano, de veritat, que s'han desenvolupat a travs dels anys. Some were experimental; others deliberately favored certain musical intervals. Alguns eren experimentals, mentre que altres deliberadament afavorir certs intervals musicals. Interestingly, composers of the classical period composed for pianos that were not tuned to equal temperament but to one of several other temperaments popular in their time. Curiosament, els compositors de l'poca clssica composta per a piano que no estaven en sintonia amb el temperament igual, sin a un de diversos altres temperaments popular en el seu temps. Today, equal temperament is by far the most common, but you could say there is no one single right way to tune a piano! Avui en dia, el temperament igual s amb molt el ms com, per es podria dir que no hi ha una sola manera d'afinar un piano! How long will this take? That's extremely variable. Quant de temps va a prendre? Aix s extremadament variable. Make of the piano, how badly out of tune it is, how good your ear is, etc. The first time you do it, it may take an hour to get through that first octave. Fer del piano, el mal que fora de to que s, el b que el seu sentit s, etc El primer cop que ho fas, pot trigar una hora en arribar a travs d'aquesta primera octava. Once you get the hang of it, I estimate that a careful tuning takes about 20 minutes an octave. Una vegada que la caiguda d'ella, estimo que un ajust acurat de 20 minuts aproximadament una octava. As for a not-so-careful tune up, I have found that now I know my way around my particular piano, I can whip out the old hammer for a touch-up quite quickly--just a minute or two a note. Pel que fa a un-tan-cura de no ajustar per dalt, he descobert que ara s que el meu cam en el meu piano particular, puc treure de sobte el martell vell per a un retoc molt rpidament - noms un o dos minuts una nota. How do you keep a piano from getting out of tune? Aside from minimizing humidity, temperature and abusive-kid extremes, the best way to keep your piano in tune is to (surprise!) tune it. Once the piano is in tune, it is easier to keep it in tune with touch-ups and regularly-scheduled tunings. Com evitar que un piano d'aconseguir fora de to? A part de reduir al mnim la humitat, la temperatura i-kid extrems abusius, la millor manera de mantenir el seu piano en sintonia s (sorpresa!) Afinat. Quan el piano est en sintonia, que s ms fcil estar en sintonia amb els retocs i afinacions programades regularment. Don't wait until you can't stand the sound anymore. No espereu fins que ja no puc suportar el so ms. The more strings left untuned, the more the tension changes on the soundboard, causing a cascade effect where more and more strings to go out of tune. Les cadenes ms a l'esquerra no sintonitzada, ms els canvis de tensi a la caixa de ressonncia, provocant un efecte cascada on ms i ms restriccions per anar fora de to. What is missing in this piano tuning technique that a professional tuner would do? The main part of the piano tuning procedure this method short-cuts is tuning note-to-note within an octave, that is, using A to tune C, for example. El que falta en aquesta tcnica afinaci de pianos que un sintonitzador professional faria? La part principal del procediment d'afinaci de pianos aquest mtode dreceres s'ajusti nota a nota dins d'una octava, s a dir, utilitzar l'A a la C melodia, per exemple . This requires counting "beats," that is the loud points in the vibrations that two dissonant strings make. Per a aix s necessari comptar "beats", s a dir els punts forts en les vibracions que dues cordes dissonants fan. (Remember that when tuning the two strings of a single note, for example, you match them so the beats disappear entirely.) In addition, a professional will know how to stretch the octaves for the best sound. (Recordeu que quan s'ajusten les dues cadenes d'una sola nota, per exemple, vost els partit, aix que els batecs desapareixen del tot.) A ms, un professional sabr com estirar les octaves per a un millor so. A professional will also bring experience, and will be less likely cause damage such as loosening pins or breaking strings. Un professional tamb portar l'experincia, i seran menys probables causar danys com ara afluixant els perns o trencar les cadenes. They may also make repairs. Tamb poden fer les reparacions. And, of course, they will be faster and better. I, per descomptat, ser ms rpid i millor. Introduction | Equipment | Procedure | Resources | Feedback Introducci | Equip | Procediment | Recursos | vots PIANO TUNING RESOURCES PIANO RECURSOS Sintonitzaci Piano Tuning Equipment Sources Piano Fonts sintonitzaci d'equips de

Basic Piano Tuning Kit Piano Bsic Tuning Kit Click for description Fes clic aqu per a la descripci I recommend PianoSupplies.com for most of the piano tuning equipment described in this tutorial. Recomano PianoSupplies.com per a la majoria dels equips d'afinaci de pianos es descriu en aquest tutorial. They sell kits as well as the individual items. Ells venen kits, aix com els elements individuals. I got the hammer and wedges in an "apprentice piano tuning kit." Tinc el martell i les falques en un "aprenent de piano kit de tuning". You could skip the "kit" and just buy the mutes and the hammer separately. Es podria ometre el "kit" i acaba de comprar els muts i el martell per separat. I didn't end up using some of the items in the kit, especially the tuning forks No em acaben fent servir alguns dels elements en el joc, especialment els diapasons If you want more tools, a variety of mutes is probably the next thing to buy after the hammer, tuner, and a few wedge mutes. Per a ms eines, una varietat de muts s probablement la propera cosa que comprar desprs que el martell, sintonitzador, i una falca d'uns pocs muts. The temperament strip is a long strip of felt with which you can mute many strings at once by weaving it among the strings. La franja temperament s una llarga tira de feltre amb el que podrs silenciar moltes cadenes al mateix temps que el teixit entre les cordes. Push it between the strings in several places with a screwdriver. Push it entre les cordes en diversos llocs amb un tornavs. It keeps other strings from sympathetically vibrating; the vibrations can make it difficult for your ear to isolate strings you are trying to tune. Mant altres cadenes de simpatia vibrant, les vibracions pot fer que sigui difcil per a l'oda per allar cadenes que estan tractant d'afinar. Professional piano tuners consider it essential; it often comes in basic kits. Professional afinadors de piano ho consideren essencial, que ve sovint a material bsic. The long mute pictured in the kit is a "treble mute," which is used to mute the middle string of a triad. El llarg silenci a la foto en el joc s un "Treble mut", que s'utilitza per silenciar la cadena mitj d'una trada. If you would like to try repairs, you'll need additional tools, such as this basic regulation tool kit . PianoSupplies.com also sells piano repair parts and accessories. Si a vost li agrada provar les reparacions, vost necessitar eines addicionals, com aquesta base kit d'eines Reglament . PianoSupplies.com tamb ven reparaci de parts de piano i accessoris. They have great forums, too! Tenen grans frums, tamb! Korg tuners are available inexpensively from sintonitzadors Korg sn a baix cost de Amazon.com Amazon.com Introduction | Equipment | Procedure | Resources | Feedback Introducci | Equip | Procediment | Recursos | vots Piano Tuning Books Llibres Piano Tuning This page presents an effective but very simplified approach to piano tuning. Aquesta pgina presenta un enfocament efica, per molt simplificada d'afinaci de pianos. If you really want to be good at it, or are thinking of doing this for others, there is much more to learn. Si realment vols ser bo en aix, o est pensant en fer-ho per als altres, hi ha molt ms que aprendre. Here are several books that are among the most highly regarded resources in the field. Aqu hi ha diversos llibres que es troben entre els recursos ms apreciats al camp. Piano Tuning: A Simple and Accurate Method for Amateurs Piano Tuning: A i precisa mtode simple per Aficionats by J. Cree Fischer. per J. Fischer creu. Here's a classic piano tuning text, recommended to me by a reader of this page. Heus aqu un text d'ajust de piano clssic, em va recomanar un lector d'aquesta pgina. Written in 1907, so some of the information is outdated, but piano tuning has not changed much. Escrit en 1907, per la qual cosa part de la informaci s obsoleta, per afinaci de pianos no ha canviat molt. While it is not the most modern text, it is very inexpensive. Browse inside the book and read the reviews at Amazon Si b no s el text ms modern, s molt barat. Examinar l'interior del llibre i llegir els comentaris dins Amazon . . Piano Servicing, Tuning, and Rebuilding, Second Edition : for the Professional, the Student, and the Hobbyist Prestaci de serveis Piano, Tuning, i tornar a generar, segona edici: per al professional, l'estudiant i l'aficionat by Arthur A. Reblitz. This book was recommended to me by a reader as a more recent alternative. per Arthur A. Reblitz. Aquest llibre em va ser recomanat per un lector com una alternativa ms recents. "All the information essential to the art of restoring and maintaining a piano; from minor repairs and cleaning to major tuning and complete restoration techniques." "Tota la informaci essencial per a l'art de la restauraci i manteniment d'un piano, des de reparacions menors i neteja a l'afinaci de les principals tcniques completes i restauraci". More expensive, but it has excellent reviews. Browse inside the book and read the reviews at Amazon s ms car, per t excel lents crtiques. Examinar l'interior del llibre i llegir els comentaris dins Amazon . . Piano Tuning Links Enllaos Piano Tuning I have told you what you need to learn to get started with piano tuning, but when you are ready you can learn more information from these pages. Us he dit el que vost necessita aprendre per comenar amb afinaci de pianos, per quan estigui llest es pot obtenir ms informaci d'aquestes pgines. Chuan C. Chang's book. C. Chang's llibre Chuan. Chapter 1 teaches a method for learning to play the piano, but Chapter 2 is about tuning. Captol 1 ensenya un mtode per aprendre a tocar el piano, per el captol 2 est a punt de sintonia. McCullough Tuning Tutorial McCullough Tuning Tutorial More details on tuning by ear. Ms detalls sobre la sintonia d'oda. David Anderson's web site Anderson lloc web de David Dave is a professional piano tuner who has posted some good background info on tuning. Dave s un afinador de pianos professional que ha publicat una mica d'informaci bsica sobre la bona sintonia. Precison Strobe's Tuning Page Strobe Precision La Pgina de Tuning All the technical details behind piano tuning. Tots els detalls tcnics darrere d'afinaci de pianos. Not for the faint of heart! No per als febles de cor! Low End Piano Maintainance and Repair Links Fi Baixa Manteniment i Reparaci de Piano Enllaos More links to content-rich websites with piano information for the do-it-yourself piano owner and player, gathered and reviewed by me. Ms enllaos a llocs web de contingut ric en informaci per al propietari de piano piano "faci-ho vost mateix" i el jugador, reunits i revisats per mi. The Piano Tuning FAQ FAQ afinaci de pianos Frequently asked questions about the general topic of tuning a piano. Preguntes freqents sobre el tema general de l'afinaci d'un piano.

More Piano Tuning Tips: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=ca&sl=en&u=http://piano.detwiler.us/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtune%2Bpiano%2Btuning%26num%3D100%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.es&usg=ALkJrhhHpARLoxEjPMKsK908XKHdnqWAwg#ixzz0mzJtPhnz

Apictorial,step-by-steptutorialpresentingasimplifiedmethodfortuningyourpianoyourself Tuning your own piano: easy to learn, but difficult to master.

This is the piano I am about to tune for you. As you can see, this not a priceless Steinway. It's actually a small spinet, lacking two octaves. When I decided to tune this piano myself, I could find very little practical information. What information I did find was not written for the amateur, and took great pains to tell me piano tuning was not something I should try myself. So, I bought some tools and figured it out for myself. This web page is my effort to share what I learned with you. Actually, this is a pictorial version of our more-detailed companion website on the subject of piano tuning.

Disclaimers. Piano tuning is not as easy as it looks, and done wrong can damage the piano. Start with something that is not precious. If it is precious, or you need perfection, call a professional tuner. The simple method here can help you fix some sour notes, or get you by until a professional is available, but it will not match an experienced tuner. The skills needed to consistently get good results take many years to develop. Even so, tuning your own piano can be an enjoyable way to learn more about this fascinating instrument. Be careful in there!

This site has three sections:1. 1.Tools Needed for Piano Tuning1. 2.Step-by-Step Simplified Piano Tuning Procedure1. 3.Where to go for More InformationTools

You cannot tune a piano without a few basic, specialized tools. At minimum, you will need to purchase three things:1. 1.A tuning lever or "tuning hammer"1. 2.Several rubber tuning mutes1. 3.An electronic chromatic tuner

Lets look at each in turn.Tool One: The Tuning Lever

Also called a "tuning hammer," a tuning lever is special tool made just for tuning pianos. Do NOT attempt to substitute with socket wrench or other makeshift set-up. Proper tuning needs a delicate touch and a secure hold on the pin. Without both of these, at best you will have a poor tuning result, and at worst you can permanently damage the pin or the piano.

This is not a place to save money on some cheap tool. Find a real piano supply house to purchase a quality lever. A poorly made tuning lever is nearly as bad as a socket wrench. It will frustrate you at best, and permanently damage the piano at worst. A good lever will start in the $40 range.

Note the 8-point "star" socket. This fits the square head perfectly and at multiple angles. You want the tool at just the right angle at all times so that you can apply the fine touch needed anywhere in the tight quarters of the piano cabinet. Most pianos made for the American market use the #2 sized head. Pianos made in or for other countries may use other sizes. Consult your piano tool supplier for advice if you are not sure.

Better hammers come with interchangeable heads or tips, in case you have an odd size pin or need a longer or shorter head to fit in the cabinet. If you size it right for one piano, you can get by with one head, but it never hurts to keep your options open. The fact that it is interchangeable is a clue that it is a professional tool. Additional heads or tips can be purchased as needed. I use pianosupplies.com. NOTE: If you purchase a lever with interchangeable tips, be certain to purchase a tip wrench as well to properly tighten the tip. If you do not use a tip wrench, the tip is likely to unscrew while attempting to turn a pin. The wrench pictured in this tutorial has an interchangeable heads that have fixed tips.

Tool Two: Tuning MutesThese rubber wedges fit between the strings to silences the ones you are not working on. Very inexpensive, don't waste time trying to rig a substitute. Get several sizes and shapes because string size and position varies within any single piano. Buy them where you get your lever. I use pianosupplies.com. If desired, you can purchase a kit that has a tuning lever and a selection of mutes.

Tool Three: Chromatic Electronic TunerYou will need some sort of external tuning reference. Some pros use a tuning fork; others use expensive electronic piano tuners specially designed for pianos. We're going to use a simple pocket tuner. It won't be as accurate as a true electronic piano tuner, but it will work well enough for our purposes. At $20 or so, the model shown, a Korg CA-30, is about the cheapest model that will work. The Korg CA-40 is similar but has a larger display. It needs to be chromatic; a plain guitar tuner is not enough. The LCD needle on these can be hard to follow. For physical needle, and a greater range, there is the Korg OT-120 Orchestral Tuner, though is more expensive. There are a variety of brands, styles and prices. A professional who tunes by ear will use a fork for the A (=440Hz) above middle C, and tune everything else using this A as a reference.)

Piano Tuning Step Four:Tune the Other Strings to the First String by Ear

Remove the mute from one of the other strings in the set for that note. Put aside the electronic tuner, and use your ear to match the untuned string to the string you just tuned. Repeat for the third string, if necessary, unmuting them all, so that the third string matches the first two. Why no electronic tuner? Because hearing the match is more accurate than trying to adjust that pesky bouncing needle tuner.

Repeat steps One to Four for entire middle octave.Tuning the Piano

Preparation

Now that we have the tools gathered, it's time to tune. Open the piano cabinet so that you can work. Make sure you have good light, as well.

You may want to remove a few extra pieces in addition to just opening the top. It lets more light in. It also makes it easier to follow which key is working which string. These pieces are easily removed, but often require a screwdriver.

I've opened up my piano completely, and the lever is in place on the first pin. You can see I have removed all the cabinet down to the tops of the keys. Again, you don't have to go this far, but it can be helpful.

Piano Tuning Step Three:Tune the First String Using the Tuner

Time to tune. Silence the room; any extraneous note, even a motor, will be picked up by the electronic tuner. With one hand on the lever, one finger on the key, and one eye on the electronic tuner, strike a key firmly. Move the lever very, very slightly while striking the key firmly over and over. Turn the pin clockwise to raise the pitch, counter-clockwise to lower it. ("Righty tighty, lefty loosey!") I want the needle on the tuner to be as close to the middle as possible. Minimal pin movement is important; too much wiggling can loosen the pin so that it will not hold. Loose pins need professional repair, and too many may make it irreparable. Do not overwork the pin!

It's also possible to break a string. It can happen if over-tightened, but on an old piano perhaps the string was weak. It is a common repair, but beyond this tutorial. There are books on piano repair, or call a pro.

It's difficult to get the needle dead on. I usually err a little to the sharp if in doubt, as my piano usually goes flat. Also, this little Korg does not "hear" notes well outside of the middle octaves. A professional tuner's electronic tuner will not have this problem. (For a greater range than the CA-30, but a significantly lesser price than a pro tuner, consider the Korg OT-120.) The lack of range outside the middle octave is not really a problem, as explained below. Alternatively, the Korg can play the tone for you, and you can match by ear.

A professional tuner will tune the upper octaves increasingly sharp and lower octaves increasingly flat. This is known as stretching the octaves, and produces well temperament, a sound more pleasing to the ear than tuning to pure "equal" temperament, which would ideally follow a pure mathematical progression. This is because error is introduced by the physical differences between strings (e.g., the fat lower strings react differently to being struck than the thin, short, upper strings.) A professional's electronic tuner will make this adjustment for you, but tuning by ear will achieve the same result. This and the limitations of our electronic tuner are why the next tuning steps will rely on the ear rather than the electronic tuner.

Piano Tuning Step One:Find the String

First, identify which string to tune. Always start with the keys in the middle octave. Most notes except the very lowest ones will have two or three strings per note. My little piano only has two in the this octave, but it's more common to have three. Press the key, see which hammer moves, then trace the string up to its corresponding pin.Piano Tuning Step Two:Mute Remaining String(s)

After selecting the string to tune first, mute the other string(s) in the set for that note. Wedge a rubber mute between the string to be muted and the soundboard or the next string over.

Only two strings here on my piano. The mutes have been removed to tune the second stringPiano Tuning Step Five:Tune the Octaves

Once you have the first octave tuned in this manner, use it as a reference octave for the rest of the piano. Use your ear, rather than the electronic tuner, to tune these notes. As before, start with one string in the set, tune it to the matching note in the reference octave, then tune the remaining strings in the set to the first string tuned in the set. Work your way up and down the piano, tuning a high note or two then a low note or two to adjust the tension on the soundboard evenly.

Working a lower octave, striking the reference note in the middle octave and the new octave simultaneously.

Only small movements should be needed. Precise tuning is a delicate affair.

"Star" socket allows firm grip at many possible positions.

Detachable head to change to different socket sizes or different length heads.

Notice the angle. This a matter of preference, but I find a near-right angle gives better control than a shallower "gooseneck" bend.

Now What?

This a bare-bones presentation on tuning. There is much more to learn! If you would like more tips on tuning your own piano using the simplified method given here, please visit our first site, piano.detwiler.us. You will find our favorite links to other on-line resources as well.

For a quick reference on some piano tuning terms, visit our Piano Tuning FAQ.

More Piano Tuning Tips: http://www.tuningyourpiano.com/A_pictorial,_step-by-step_tutorial_presenting_a_simplified_method_for_tuning_your_piano_yourself.html#ixzz0mzO2zcBU

Precisi Afinadors Strobe

The Equal Tempered Scale and Some Peculiarities of Piano Tuning El temperat Escala Igualtat i algunes peculiaritats de Piano Tuning Jim Campbell Jim Campbell

The first skill to be learned by the musician sometimes involves tuning the instrument. La primera habilitat que cal aprendre pel msic de vegades implica afinar l'instrument. For most of the band instruments this requires a single adjustment to a reference pitch, and is not really critical if the instrument is being played solo. Per a la majoria dels instruments de banda aix requereix un ajust nic per a un to de referncia, i no s realment crtic si l'instrument s'est jugant en solitari. The multiple string and fretted instruments however, must have the strings tuned to each other frequently. La cadena de mltiples i instruments amb trasts per, ha de tenir la cordes afinades entre s amb freqncia. When tuning a fretted instrument, each string can be tuned to the adjacent string, by fretting one string appropriately and matching the open string to the fretted string. Quan es sintonitza un instrument amb trasts, cada cadena pot ser sintonitzada a la corda adjacent, en prmer una cadena de forma adequada i es posin en venda la cadena oberta a la cadena de trasts. Unfretted instruments are usually tuned using a separate pitch reference for each string. instruments sense trasts solen ser sintonitzat amb un to de referncia per a cada cadena. Piano tuning presents several problems and peculiarities. afinaci de pianos presenta diversos problemes i peculiaritats. With more than 200 separate strings, this task is usually handled by a professional. The process of setting the correct spacing between the notes is known as setting the temperament. Amb ms de 200 cadenes independents, aquesta tasca sol ser manejat per un professional. El procs d'establiment de la separaci correcta entre les notes que es coneix com l'establiment de temperament. The equal tempered scale used forms the basis for modern western music and will be described in more depth. L'escala temperada utilitzada s la base de la msica occidental moderna, i es descriuran en major profunditat. A further peculiarity in piano tuning is the practice of stretching the upper and lower octaves. Una altra peculiaritat en l'afinaci del piano s la prctica d'estiraments i menor octaves superiors. This refers to progressively sharpening the notes of the upper octaves from a perfect equal tempered scale. Aix es refereix a la realitzaci progressiva nitidesa les notes de les octaves superiors d'una perfecta escala temperada. The reason for this has to do with what is known as the inharmonicity of ringing strings. La ra d'aix t a veure amb el que es coneix com la inarmona de senyals de cadenes. This phenomena will also be described in detail. Aquest fenomen tamb es tractaran ms en detall. Understanding the equal tempered scale and the rational for the stretching of the upper octaves in piano tuning involves an understanding of something about both the physics of sound, and the history of music. Entendre l'escala temperada i el racional per l'estirament de les octaves superiors d'afinaci de pianos implica una comprensi d'alguna cosa, tant la fsica del so, i la histria de la msica. The Phenomena of Sound and the Harmonic Series Els fenmens del so i la srie harmnica Sound is the result of periodic fluctuations in air pressure propagating through the atmosphere. El so s el resultat de les fluctuacions peridiques en la pressi de l'aire es propaguen a travs de l'atmosfera. When these pressure fluctuations pass by the eardrum, we here sound. Quan aquestes fluctuacions de pressi passa pel timp, som aqu de so. Differences in the rate of fluctuation are perceived as differences in pitch. Differences in the shape of the pressure wave forms are perceived as differences in tone, or timbre. Les diferncies en la taxa de fluctuaci es perceben com diferncies en el to. Les diferncies en la forma de l'ona de pressi formes es perceben com diferncies en el to o timbre. When these pressure fluctuations strike a microphone, they are converted to electrical signals, and an oscilloscope can then be used to observe how these pressure wave forms vary as a function of time. Quan aquestes fluctuacions de pressi vaga d'un micrfon, es converteixen en senyals elctrics, i un oscil loscopi es pot utilitzar per observar com aquestes formes d'ona de pressi varien en funci del temps. A pure tone, such as from a flute, will look like a nearly perfect sine wave. Un to pur, per exemple, d'una flauta, es veur com una ona sinusodal gaireb perfecte. Most musical wave forms are more complex than this. La majoria de formes d'ona musical s ms complexa que aix. A tone produced by a reed instrument, may appear to be shaped similar to a square wave. You can imagine how the reed periodically opening and closing would produce such a wave form. Un to produt per un instrument de llengeta, pot semblar que en forma similar a una ona quadrada. Pot imaginar-se com la canya peridicament obertura i tancament es produeix com una forma d'ona. The wave form of a bowed violin may resemble a saw tooth. La forma d'ona d'un viol es va inclinar poden semblar-se a una dent de serra. This results from the way in which the string is grabbed and released periodically by the bow. Aix es deu a la forma en qu es va prendre la corda i llanat peridicament per la proa. Each of these tones may be of the same fundamental frequency, but the ear and brain perceive distinct differences in timbre. Cada un d'aquests tons poden ser de la mateixa freqncia fonamental, per l'oda i el cervell perceben clares diferncies en el timbre. The harmonic series is an important concept in the study of sound. La srie harmnica s un concepte important en l'estudi de so. It allows us to describe characteristics of sound in terms of what our ears hear, rather than what our eyes see when it is viewed on an oscilloscope. Ens permet descriure les caracterstiques del so en termes del que les nostres odes escolten, en lloc del que els nostres ulls veuen quan es veu en un oscil loscopi. It also provides insight into how different instruments produce the different sounds we hear. Tamb ofereix informaci sobre com els diferents instruments produeixen els diferents sons que escoltem. The harmonic series consists of a set of frequencies which are multiples of a fundamental. La srie harmnica consisteix en un conjunt de freqncies que sn mltiples d'una fonamental. The frequency of any component of the harmonic series can be figured using: La freqncia de qualsevol component de la srie harmnica pot ser calculat utilitzant: f(N) = N * fo f (N) = N * per where N is the harmonic number, and fo is the frequency of the fundamental. on N s el nombre d'harmnics, i s la freqncia de la fonamental. For example, if fo = 110 Hz and N = 1, then the resultant frequency is 110 Hz, which is the fundamental. If N = 2, the resultant frequency will be the second harmonic, or 220 Hz. Per exemple, si per = 110 Hz i N = 1, llavors la freqncia resultant s de 110 Hz, que s la fonamental. Si N = 2, la freqncia resultant ser la segona harmnica, o Hz 220. If N=3, the resultant frequency will be the third harmonic, or 330 Hz. Si N = 3, la freqncia resultant ser el tercer harmnic, o Hz 330. And so on. I aix successivament. The fact that the first overtone above the fundamental is called the second harmonic can lead to confusion. El fet que el primer sobretons per sobre de la fonamental s anomenat el segon harmnic pot portar a confusi. Some references will refer to it as the first harmonic. Therefore, whenever these terms are used, it is important to realize whether it is the fundamental, or the first overtone, which is being referred to as the first harmonic. Algunes referncies es refereixen a ell com el primer harmnic. Per tant, sempre que aquests termes s'utilitzen, s important adonar-se si s la fonamental, o el primer harmnic, que es coneix com el primer harmnic. It can be shown, using a branch of mathematics known as Fourier analysis, that any periodic wave form is composed of a summation of frequencies from the harmonic series. Es pot demostrar, utilitzant una branca de les matemtiques coneguda com anlisi de Fourier, que qualsevol forma d'ona peridica es compon de la suma de les freqncies de la srie harmnica. If only the odd harmonics, that is odd values of N, are summed in the proper proportions, the resulting wave form will resemble a square wave. Si noms els harmnics senars, s a dir els valors senars de N, es resumeixen en les proporcions adequades, la forma d'ona resultant ser similar a una ona quadrada. Likewise, a saw tooth wave form can be generated by summing both odd and even harmonics in the proper proportions: De la mateixa manera, una dent de serra forma d'ona pot ser generada mitjanant la suma de dos harmnics parells i senars en les proporcions adequades:

It is possible to create any periodic wave form by a summation of weighted elements of the harmonic series. s possible crear qualsevol forma d'ona peridica per una suma ponderada dels elements de la srie harmnica. This has direct application in music synthesis. Aix t aplicaci directa en la sntesi de la msica. It is also useful to decompose a sound wave form into its component harmonics. A spectrum analyzer is used for this purpose. Tamb s til per descompondre una forma d'ona de so en els seus components harmnics. Un analitzador d'espectre s'utilitza per aquest propsit. The spectrum analyzer samples the sound wave forms, and displays a graph of magnitude as a function of frequency. Les mostres de l'analitzador d'espectre de les formes d'ona de so, i mostra una grfica de magnitud en funci de la freqncia. When the spectrum of a periodic wave form is viewed on such an instrument, there will appear a peak at the fundamental, and a series of peaks at each harmonic present in the wave form: Quan l'espectre d'una forma d'ona peridica es veu en aquest tipus d'instrument, apareixer un pic a la freqncia fonamental, i una srie de pics a cada regal harmniques en la forma d'ona:

Real sound wave forms however are more complex. Reial formes d'ona de so per sn ms complexes. They change with time or may even have overtones which are not perfect multiples of the fundamental. Canvien amb el temps o fins i tot pot tenir connotacions que no sn mltiples perfecta de la fonamental. It is interesting to note that wave forms with mirror symmetry are composed of odd harmonics only. s interessant observar que les formes d'ona amb simetria especular es componen d'harmnics imparells noms. This is why distortion which results from the clipping of the top of the wave form, such as when over driving an amplifier, is sometimes referred to as "odd harmonic" distortion. The ability to describe a wave form in terms of its frequency components is also useful because this resembles the way the ear hears. Aquesta s la ra per la distorsi que resulta de la saturaci de la part superior de la forma d'ona, com quan ms d'un amplificador, es refereix a vegades com "estranya harmnica" distorsi. La capacitat per a descriure una forma d'ona en termes de freqncia seus components s tamb s til perqu aix s'assembla a la forma en que l'oda sent. The function of the ear is to detect the relative strength of each of these frequencies, while the brain interprets this information as both pitch and timbre. La funci de l'oda s detectar la fora relativa de cadascuna d'aquestes freqncies, mentre que el cervell interpreta aquesta informaci com tant to i timbre. The difference in sound we perceive between a saxophone, a bowed violin string or a flute can be explained in terms of the harmonic content of the sound wave forms. La diferncia en el so que percebem entre un saxo, una corda de viol o una flauta inclinar pot ser explicat en termes del contingut harmnic de les formes d'ona de so. Beats Beats Another important phenomena encountered in the study of sound is the beat. Un altre fenomen important trobat en l'estudi del so s el ritme. When two notes, which are slightly different in pitch, are played simultaneously, a resultant modulation can be perceived as a slow periodic change in volume or timbre. Quan dues notes, que sn lleugerament diferents en el terreny de joc, es juguen de forma simultnia, una modulaci resultant pot ser percebut com un diari de canvi lent en el volum o el timbre. This is known as the beat. Aix es coneix com el ritme. This beat rate slows as the pitches are brought closer and stops when they are exactly matched. Aquesta taxa disminueix fantstic com els tons s'acosten i s'atura quan sn exactament coincidents. The cause of this is that as both notes are combined by the eardrum or microphone, the frequency difference results in a steady shift in the phases of the two notes. La causa d'aix s que a mesura que ambdues notes es combinen pel timp o el micrfon, els resultats diferncia de freqncia en un canvi constant en les fases de les dues notes. As the phase difference shifts from constructive to destructive interference, a slight difference in volume and timbre is perceived. Com que els canvis de diferncia de fase constructiva a una interferncia destructiva, una lleugera diferncia en el volum i el timbre que es percep.

The rate at which this occurs is equal to the difference in frequency. La velocitat a la qual aix passa s igual a la diferncia en la freqncia. If a 440 Hz tone and a 441 Hz tone are sounded together, a beat rate of 1 Hz will be heard. Si un to de 440 Hz i un to de 441 Hz sonen junts, un tipus de ritme d'1 Hz s'escoltaran. By sounding two notes close in pitch, and adjusting one so that the beat rate slows until it is stopped, a process known a zero beating, two notes can be tuned extremely accurately. Fent sonar prop de dues notes en el to i l'ajust d'una manera que redueix la taxa de batre fins que quedi bloquejada, un procs conegut una pallissa a zero, dues notes es poden sintonitzar amb extrema precisi. Even someone who would consider themselves tone deaf can do this, if they know what to listen for. Fins i tot alg a qui el consideren a si mateixos oda musical pot fer aix, si saben el que per a escoltar. Beats are also perceived between a tone and its natural harmonics. Beats tamb es percep entre un to i els seus harmnics naturals. For example if a tone of 440 Hz is sounded with a tone of 660 Hz ( (3/2)440, or a natural fifth) the resulting tone will be beatless. Per exemple, si un to de 440 Hz es fa sonar amb un to de 660 Hz ((3 / 2) 440, o cinquena naturals), el to resultant ser beatless. If however, the 660 Hz tone is shifted to 659.2551 Hz, a beat rate of .745 Hz will be heard. No obstant aix, si el to de 660 Hz es desplaa a 659,2551 Hz, una taxa de 0.745 Hz ritme de ser escoltat. This corresponds to 3 beats every 4 seconds, or a metronome setting of 45 beats per minute. Aix correspon a 3 temps cada 4 segons, o un ajust del metrnom de 45 batecs per minut. If you play A5 and E5 together on a properly tuned piano this is exactly what will happen. Si jugues A5 i E5 junts en un piano afinat correctament, aix s exactament el que succeir. This is a result of the equal temperament used in modern music. Aquest s el resultat del temperament igual s'utilitza en msica moderna. The Physics of Ringing Strings La fsica del Senyal de Cordes Sounds containing periodic wave forms are produced in many ways. Els sons que contenen formes d'ona peridica es produeixen en moltes maneres. Initially primitive music was based on rhythm. An object with elastic properties is struck, and it vibrates, radiating pressure fluctuations which rapidly decay. Inicialment msica primitiva es basa en el ritme. Un objecte amb propietats elstiques s colpejat, i vibra, irradiant les fluctuacions de pressi que rpidament decadncia. Methods were discovered of generating sustained tones. Els mtodes es va descobrir de generar tons sostinguts. One involved the plucking of stretched strings. En un d'ells el desplume de cordes tenses. Another the resonating of columns of air in tubes. Una altra de la ressonncia de les columnes d'aire en els tubs. The air column could be resonated by blowing across the end, like the flute, or buzzing ones lips in the end, like the horn. La columna d'aire podria ser de ressonncia que bufen al final, com la flauta, o brunzit en els llavis al final, com la banya. With the realization that several pitches could be produced by varying ones lip technique, the natural harmonic was discovered. Amb la constataci que diversos llargs podrien ser produdes per diferents tcniques els llavis, l'harmnica natural va ser descobert. A stretched string, plucked carefully, will ring with pure tone. Una corda tensa, va arrencar amb cura, sonar amb tons purs. Due to it's elastic properties, the string oscillates back and forth between two gentle curves. Causa de les seves propietats elstiques, la cadena oscil d'anada i tornada entre dues corbes suaus. The condition is known as the fundamental mode of oscillation. L'afecci es coneix com la manera fonamental d'oscil laci. If the length is cut in half, say by pressing the string down to a fret, it will ring in a similar manner at twice the frequency, or an interval of one octave above the fundamental. Si la longitud es talla per la meitat, per exemple prement la corda cap avall a un trast, que sonaran de manera similar al doble de la freqncia, o un interval de una vuitena per sobre de la fonamental. This property of a stretched string was first identified by the Greeks. Aquesta propietat d'una corda estirada va ser identificat pels grecs. A string can be induced to ring in modes other than the fundamental. Una cadena pot ser induda a sonar en les formes diferents dels fonamentals. By gently touching the string at its midpoint while plucking it, a mode is induced with two gentle curves, crossing in the middle. Per tocant suaument la corda en el seu punt mig, mentre que el desplume, una manera s'indueix amb dos suaus corbes, la crulla en el centre. The point at which the curves cross is called a node, and each section between nodes rings exactly as though it were a string of that length. El punt en qu les corbes es creuen s'anomena node, i cada secci entre els nodes d'anells exactament com si es tracts d'una cadena d'aquesta longitud. In this case the pitch produced is 2 times the fundamental pitch which is an interval of one octave above the fundamental. En aquest cas el to produt s 2 vegades la freqncia fonamental que s un interval de una vuitena per sobre de la fonamental. By touching the string at the 1/3 point (above the 7th fret), a mode is induced with two nodes and three ringing sections. En tocar la corda al / 3 punt 1 (per sobre del set trast), una manera s'indueix amb dos nodes i tres seccions de trucada. The pitch produced is 3 times the fundamental, which is an interval of one octave plus a major fifth. El to produt s 3 vegades la freqncia fonamental, que s un interval d'una octava ms una cinquena major. By touching the string at the 1/4 point (above the 5th fret), a mode is induced with 3 nodes and four ringing lengths. En tocar la corda al / 4 punt 1 (per sobre del trast 5 ), una manera s'indueix amb 3 nodes i quatre longituds de trucada. The pitch produced is 4 times the fundamental, an interval of two octaves. El to produt s 4 vegades la freqncia fonamental, un interval de dues octaves. By touching the string at the 1/5 point(above a spot between the 3rd and 4th frets), a mode is induced with 4 nodes and 5 ringing lengths. The pitch produced is 5 times the fundamental, an interval of two octaves plus a third. En tocar la corda al / 5 punt 1 (per sobre d'un punt entre la tercera i quarta trasts), una manera s'indueix amb 4 nodes i 5 longituds de trucada. El to produt s 5 vegades la freqncia fonamental, un interval de dues octaves ms una tercer. By touching the string at the 1/6 point, a mode is induced with 5 nodes and 6 ringing sections. En tocar la corda al / 6, punt 1, una manera s'indueix amb 5 nodes i 6 seccions de trucada. The pitch produced is 6 times the fundamental, which is an interval of two octaves and a fifth. El to produt s 6 vegades la freqncia fonamental, que s un interval de dues octaves i un cinqu. This process continues: Aquest procs continua:

When a string is plucked, it produces the pitch of the fundamental, as well as a series of overtones harmonically related. Quan una corda s polsada, produeix el pas de les fonamentals, aix com una srie de connotacions relacionades harmnicament. This is due to the fact that the string is excited in several modes of oscillation. Aix es deu al fet que la cadena est molt entusiasmat en diversos modes d'oscil laci. As the string rings, the higher modes will decay, leaving predominately the fundamental mode. This combination of decaying overtones results in the distinctive sound of a ringing string. Quan sona la cadena, les maneres superiors es desintegren, deixant principalment la manera fonamental. Aquesta combinaci de resultats en descomposici matisos en el so distintiu d'una cadena de trucada. Careful measurements will show that the overtones of the string are not necessarily perfect harmonics. To differentiate between the ideal harmonics and the pitches actually produced, the actual overtones produced by the string are called partials. Els mesuraments acurades mostrar que els matisos de la cadena no sn necessriament harmnics perfecte. Per diferenciar entre els harmnics ideals i les notes produdes efectivament, els matisos real produda per la cadena s'anomenen parcials. Although the partials are very close to the ideal harmonic series, they can differ. Encara que els elements parcials estan molt a prop de la srie harmnica ideal, poden ser diferents. This effect becomes important in the art of piano tuning. Aquest efecte s important en l'art de l'afinaci de pianos. The Evolution of the Equal Tempered Scale L'evoluci de l'escala temperada Early musical scales and harmonies were based on intervals from the natural harmonic series. Els primers escales musicals i les harmonies es van basar en intervals de la srie d'harmnics naturals. The natural third and fifth intervals can be combined to form pentatonic scales (with five intervals dividing the octave, such as the pentatonic blues scale). La tercera i cinquena intervals naturals poden combinar per formar escales pentatniques (amb intervals de cinc dividir la vuitena, com ara l'escala pentatnica de blues). With additional natural third and fifth intervals diatonic scales can be formed. Amb intervals naturals cinquena i tercera diatnica escales addicionals es poden formar. A diatonic scale divides the octave into eight intervals. Una escala diatnica divideix la vuitena en vuit intervals. These eight intervals consist of 5 large steps and 2 small steps. Aquests vuit intervals consisteixen en 5 passos grans i 2 petits passos. Each of these large steps is referred to as a whole tone interval, and each small step is referred to as a semi-tone interval. Cada un d'aquests grans passos que es coneix com un interval de tons sencers, i cada petit pas que es coneix com un interval semi-to. A semi-tone interval is half a whole tone interval. Un interval de semi-to s la meitat d'un interval de tons sencers. By rearranging the pattern of whole tones and semi-tones, scales can be formed with different tonal characteristics. The major and minor scales are examples of diatonic scales. En reordenar el patr de tons sencers i semi-tons, les escales es poden formar amb diferents caracterstiques tonals. Les escales majors i menors, sn exemples de les escales diatnica. By splitting each whole tone, a twelve tone chromatic scale can be formed. Al dividir cada to sencer, un to d'escala cromtica dotze poden formar. A scale developed like this from pure harmonic intervals is known as a just toned scale. A escala desenvolupada com aix de pura intervals harmnics que es coneix com un to escala justa. Modern musical terminology developed from the early use of these types of diatonic scales. terminologia moderna musical desenvolupat a partir de l's d'hora d'aquest tipus d'escales diatnica. The interval from the root note to the eighth note of the scale is referred to as an octave. L'interval entre la tnica de la vuitena nota de l'escala es coneix com una vuitena. The interval from the root note to the fifth note in a major scale is referred to as a major fifth. L'interval entre la tnica a la cinquena nota en una escala ms gran que es coneix com cinquena major. The interval from the root note to the third note in a major scale is referred to as a major third. L'interval entre la tnica a la tercera nota en una escala ms gran que es coneix com una tercera. It works out that the fifth interval is obtained by multiplying by 3/2 (or 2/3 to descend a fifth), and the third interval is obtained by multiplying by 5/4. Es resol que l'interval de cinquena s'obt multiplicant per 3 / 2 (o 2 / 3 per baixar cinqu), i el tercer interval s'obt multiplicant per 5 / 4. So, the numerical ratio of frequencies of the fifth, has nothing to do with 5, and the ratio of frequencies of the third, has nothing to do with 3. Aix, la relaci numrica de les freqncies de la, ha cinquena res a veure amb 5, i la relaci de les freqncies de la tercera, no t res a veure amb la 3. A twelve tone chromatic scale can also be developed as a natural consequence of the cycle of fifths. Un to escala cromtica Dotze Tamb pot desenvolupar-se com una conseqncia natural del cicle de quintes. The Chinese discovered the cycle of fifths more than 5000 years ago. Els xinesos van descobrir el cicle de quintes ms de 5000 anys enrere. This is how it works: Begin with a root note, and play the note a fifth above it. Aix s com funciona: Comenceu amb una nota de l'arrel, i toc la nota cinquena per sobre d'ella. Then you play the note an interval of fifth above this note. Llavors jugues la nota d'un interval de cinquena per sobre d'aquesta nota. If this process is repeated a total of twelve times, you will end up with a note very close to the root note you started with, only seven octaves higher. Si aquest procs es repeteix un total de dotze vegades, el resultat final ser amb una nota molt a prop de la tnica que va comenar amb noms set octava ms alt. If each of these notes is translated down by octaves, a scale can be formed dividing the octave into twelve intervals. Si cada una d'aquestes notes es tradueix per octaves, una escala es poden formar dividir la vuitena en dotze intervals. An interesting thing happens if you actually play a cycle of fifths using only intervals which are perfect natural fifths, that is where each interval is exactly (3/2)fo. Una cosa interessant passa si en realitat t un cicle de quintes amb intervals noms que sn perfectes cinquens natural, que s on cada interval s exactament (3.2) per. If you start with fo = A0 = 27.5 Hz, then the twelfth interval will result in f = 3568.02 Hz. Si comena amb la A0 = = 27,5 Hz, a continuaci, l'interval dotzena resultar en f = 3568,02 Hz If on the other hand, you start at A0, and play perfect octaves up to A7, you will get f = 3520 Hz. Si per contra, vam comenar a A0, i el joc perfecte fins octaves A7, obtindr f = 3520 Hz This can be quickly verified on a hand calculator; try it. Aix pot ser rpidament verificada en una calculadora de m, prova-ho. This difference in pitch between the twelfth note of a natural fifth series, and a natural octave series of 48.02 Hz results in a pitch error of 24 cents, almost a quarter of a semi tone. Aquesta diferncia de to entre la nota dotzena part d'una srie cinquena naturals, i una vuitena srie natural dels resultats 48,02 Hz en un error de llanament de 24 centaus, gaireb una quarta part d'un semit. If on the other hand, you play a cycle of fifths using intervals which are each slightly flat by just the right amount, when you reach the twelfth interval, you will end with f =3520 Hz! Si per contra, vost t un cicle de quintes amb intervals que sn cada un una mica plana per la quantitat justa, en arribar a l'interval de dotze, el resultat final ser amb f = 3520 Hz! If each fifth in the series is flattened by the same amount and the adjustment distributed evenly throughout the cycle, it works out that each fifth should be played flat by 2 cents. Si cada cinqu de la srie s aixafat per la mateixa quantitat i l'ajust distributs uniformement al llarg del cicle, es resol que cada cinqu pis s'ha de jugar en 2 centaus. When the resulting twelve notes are all shifted, by octaves, into ascending order, the result is an equal tempered chromatic scale. Quan el resultat sn dotze notes canviat, per octaves, en ordre ascendent, el resultat s una escala cromtica igual temperat. The spacing between the notes of this scale will have intervals which are all equal. L'espai entre les notes d'aquesta escala hauran intervals que sn tots iguals. The advantage of this equal tempered scale over a just toned scale may not be apparent at first. L'avantatge d'aquesta escala temperada en un to escala noms poden no ser evidents al principi. In fact, harmonies played on a just tone scale may sound purer because of the total absence of any beats produced by the natural intervals. De fet, les harmonies es juga en una escala de tons noms pot sonar ms pur causa de l'absncia total de pistes produdes pels intervals naturals. But it becomes clear when harmonies are shifted to other keys. Per queda clar quan es desplacen a les harmonies altres tecles. The intervals between the notes of a just toned scale are not constant. When the patterns of intervals making up a chord are shifted in key in a just toned scale, the intervals within the chord are shifted very slightly, resulting in some chords with beats that can clash quite badly. Els intervals entre les notes d'un to escala noms no sn constants. Quan els patrons dels intervals que formen un acord es desplacen en clau en un to escala justa, els intervals dins de la corda es desplaa molt lleugerament, donant lloc a alguns acords amb ritmes que poden xocar bastant malament. In an equal tempered scale, chords can be shifted at will without harmful effect. En una escala temperada, e