Aerospace Nanotube Hybrid Composite Structures with ... · retaining sensing / actuating properties...

Aerospace Nanotube Hybrid CompositeStructures with Sensing and Actuating

Capabilities – the NOESISNOESIS project

by Dr. George MaistrosINASCO Hellas & NOESIS Consortium

the path of an EC funded research project

Framework 6 – Aeronautics & Space area

EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague

The NOESIS projectThe NOESIS project


Project partners

1. INASCO Hellas (co-ordinator)

2. ATECA

3. BRIMALM Engineering

4. Swerea SICOMP

5. IVW

6. CNRS-CRPP

7. INASMET Fundacion

8. Centro Ricerche FIAT

9. Weizmann Institute of Science

10. Technische Universitaet Hamburg-Harburg

11. University of Patras

12. SENER Ingenieria y Sistemas

13. Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. - IAI

14. ARKEMA

15. Hellenic Aerospace Industry

Facts and figures

Start date: 1/4/2005

Finish date: 30/6/2009

Total effort: 538 man-months

Total cost: €4.97 Million

Workplan: 6 technical WPs1 exploitation WP1 management WP

7 nations 3 large companies 3 SMEs 1 engineering firm 4 research institutes 4 universities

NOESIS field of activitiesNOESIS field of activities• Forming of CNT structured assemblies embedded into resin systems while

retaining sensing / actuating properties and providing the desired mechanical performance

• Enhancement of the electrospinning process as a means to realize alignment and carriage of CNTs in the form of nano-fibres

• Devising/implementing multi-scale approach in designing nanocomposites• Design of a coupled platform for mechanical / sensing-actuating behaviour

predictions• Development of stimuli-response nanocomposites as actuators


2

3

1

nano-scale macro-scale

NOESIS technology description [1]NOESIS technology description [1]


Dissolver Torus Mill Sonication

Chamber withZrO2-Pearls

Flow

HeatingCircuit

CoolingCircuit

Shaft

Dissolver-Disc

Chamber withZrO2-Pearls

Flow

HeatingCircuit

CoolingCircuit

Shaft

Dissolver-Disc

Description: CNT inclusions in thermoset matrices (Level 1) and CNT/CFRP composite manufacturing processes (Level 2)

Readiness: TRL 5 (Fidelity of breadboard technology increases significantly)

Industrial need: Demand of new additives or reinforcements (such as CNTs, CNT fibres or CNT mats) in advanced composites offering multi—functionality, while reducing weight and improving maintenance potential (repairability)

Good dispersion of CNTs in resin matrix

has been achieved

Quality index of dispersion is the resin viscosity

0

20

40

60

0 30 60

Mixing Time [min]

Vis

cosi

ty E

ta*

[Pa*

s]

T=30°CT=60°C



Description: improving mechanical performance of aeronautical composites through the addition of CNTs

Readiness: TRL 4 (Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together – currently ‘low fidelity’)

Industrial need: Demanding increased conductivity (lightning strike protection) and mechanical performance improvement (energy absorbance, fatigue improvement) of aeronautical composite materials through addition of CNTs in thermoset matrices

Dam

ping

ratio

D

[1]

[0/+45/90/-45]S

reference [0/+45/90/-45]S

CNT doped[0/90/0/90]S

reference [0/90/0/90] S

CNT doped

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1 2 3 4

Mod

al fr

eque

ncy

[Hz]

LY 556 + CNT

Neat Resin LY 556

LY 564 + CNT

Neat Resin LY 564

Results show little impact of CNT content on mechanical performance of resins & composites(improvement in fatigue and tensile modulus, dependence on mixing quality)



Description: sensing in composites loaded with CNTs and CNT fibres (specifications, modelling, design and implementation)

Readiness: TRL 6 (Representative model or prototype system is tested in a relevant environment)

Industrial need: Establishing simple, reliable and accurate method of measuring strain in structural composites for in-service monitoring and fault detection through the use of CNT network or CNT structured arrays as embedded sensors

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time [data points]

P/P

max

[1]

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

∆R

/Ro

[1]

Load

Resistance

Compression Test - Volume ResistanceSystem A - 0.5% CNT Doped - Torus Mill

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Strain [%]

R/R

0

Good correlation of conductivity and strain for CNT doped

systems and CNT fibres in

composites



Description: actuation in composites loaded with CNTs and their arrays (specifications, modelling, design and implementation)

Readiness: TRL 3 (Active research and development is initiated)Industrial need: Proving the potential of active shape change in advanced

composite structures through the inclusion of CNT-based architectures with capacity to produce stresses when they are loaded with electrical current

Annealed SWNT fiber

Annealed SWNT/resin P6 fiber

CNT-COOH/PVA paper

Deposit of AuDeposit of PVA

Test at constant frequency (0,05Hz) and variable voltage (0, 2, 5,7,10V)

0V

5V7V

10V

2V+δ

Actuation potential has been developed via charge injection and ionic swelling;

however the stress levels are not sufficient for aeronautical applications

NOESIS achievementsNOESIS achievements


Demonstrators: several cases of property and processing enhancement were studied: CNT reinforcement of adhesive joints, conductivity enhancement of composites, health monitoring of structure integrity

Electromagnetic field

Electromagnetic field is absorbed by the modified adhesive increasing the crosslinking process rate

Ω

0 10 20 30 40106,2k

106,3k

106,4k

106,5k

106,6k

106,7k

106,8k

Res

ista

nce

[ΩΩ ΩΩ

]

Time [s]

Resistance

“down“

“up“"down“ or “up“ Sensing strain: CNTsdispersed in resin increase conductance of the thermoset and the changes of resistance can be used to estimate strain levels

Thermal conductivity effects: CNTsdispersed in resin amplify degree of cure and affect cure rates at microwave curing of resins

Nano-reinforcement: CNT hollow spheres for crash energy absorption

Electromechanical test: CNT act as piezoresistiveagent at any deformation

NOESIS technology benefits and risksNOESIS technology benefits and risks


Benefits: All these can lead to improved and multi-functional composites structures, optimised structural design criteria and fail-safe features, while facilitating processing and reducing component weight.

Impact: The application potential is not only limited to aerospace structures. The experience from this project is of great interest also for other industrial innovations as in fabrication techniques for processing structural composites with sensor and actuator integration or automotive systems, electronic packaging, deployment of compacted structures in space, and self-healing surfaces and coatings.

Risks: There are not clear risk assessment in the application of CNTs in aeronautical applications. The cost of pure CNTs may become an issue (in case of CNT fibre reinforcements) as cost reduction is a strong driver in the transport sector.

Recommendation: Multi-disciplinary research groups offer the potential for targeted technological development and fast knowledge transfer of nanotechnology to several industrial sectors. These activities should be encouraged and actively supported.

Many thanks Many thanks (from the NOESIS Consortium)(from the NOESIS Consortium)

to the organisers to the organisers for allowing NOESIS output for allowing NOESIS output

to be disseminated to be disseminated to the Euro Nanotechnology forumto the Euro Nanotechnology forum


Welcome to attend Welcome to attend NOESIS industrial seminarNOESIS industrial seminar

for more details and followfor more details and follow--up actionsup actionsVenue:Venue: ARKEMA, Pau, FranceARKEMA, Pau, France

Date:Date: 25 June 200925 June 2009Contact:Contact: [email protected]@inasco.com

Aerospace Nanotube Hybrid Composite Structures with ... · retaining sensing / actuating properties...

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