AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS
-
Upload
agamemnon-elena -
Category
Documents
-
view
18 -
download
1
description
Transcript of AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS
![Page 1: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS
![Page 2: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Four Forces of Flight
The four forces act on the airplane in flight and also work against each other.
![Page 3: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The earth’s gravity pulls down on objects and gives them weight.
![Page 4: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Air and motion.
How do we explain lift?Newton’s Laws of Motion and Bernoulli’s Principle are used to explain lift.
![Page 6: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Newton’s Second Law: force causes a change in velocity which in turn generates another force.
Newton’s Third Law: net flow of air is turned down resulting in an ‘equal and opposite’ upward force.
![Page 7: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
![Page 8: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MOTION AXIS CONTROL
![Page 9: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pitch Around the Lateral Axis
![Page 10: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The ELEVATOR controls PITCH. On the horizontal tail surface, the elevator tilts up or down, decreasing or increasing lift on the tail. This tilts the nose of the airplane up and down.
Elevator Controls Pitch
![Page 11: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Roll Around Longitudinal Axis
![Page 13: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ailerons Control RollThe AILERONS control ROLL. On the outer rear edge of each wing, the two ailerons move in opposite directions, up and down, decreasing lift on one wing while increasing it on the other. This causes the airplane to roll to the left or right.
![Page 14: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Yaw Around the vertical Axis
![Page 16: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The RUDDER controls YAW. On the vertical tail fin, the rudder swivels from side to side, pushing the tail in a left or right direction. A pilot usually uses the rudder along with the ailerons to turn the airplane.
Rudder Controls Yaw
![Page 17: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CONARD AND CONVENTIONAL NEWTONIAN GLIDERS
![Page 19: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3 AXIS OF CONTROL DEMONSTRATOR
![Page 20: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Venturi TubeBernouli’s first
practical use of his theorem
Where are venturi tubes used today?
![Page 21: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hold two sheets of paper together, as shown here, and blow between them. No matter how hard you blow, you cannot push them more than a little bit apart!
![Page 22: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is a wing?
A wing is really just half a venturi tube.
![Page 23: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as it moves through a constricted space
Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as air speeds up, its pressure goes down.
![Page 24: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air below the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up.
![Page 26: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bernoulli’s Principle: Air moving over the wing moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift!
![Page 27: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bernoulli’s Principle: pressure variation around the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.
![Page 28: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
http://www.grc/nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/shape.html
![Page 29: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A wing creates lift due to a combination of Bernoulli’s Principle & Newton’s Third Law
![Page 30: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel
Interactive Wright 1901 Wind Tunnel
![Page 31: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CAMBERED WING GLIDER
![Page 33: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
For an airplane to speed up while flying, thrust must be greater than drag.
For an airplane to take off, lift must be greater than weight.
![Page 37: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A propeller is a spinning wing that generates lift forward.
![Page 38: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CAMBERED WING POWERED GLIDER
![Page 39: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: AERODYNAMICS AND MODELS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56812cd8550346895d919477/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Airplane Parts