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Avi‡ei HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vc‡U Bmjv‡gi behyM m~Pbv

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Avbvm (iv.) hLb evjK wQ‡jb ZLb Zuvi gv †Q‡j‡K GB e‡j

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Bmjvg `vm cÖ_v‡K wejyß K‡i‡Q

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(1) ivKvevZ: µxZ`vm, Nv‡o `wo euvav (1047 c„: 1g LÊ) myZivs mij A‡_© ivKvevZ n‡”Q µxZ`vm hvi †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxbZv _v‡K bv| Zv‡K †Rvic~e© Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq, ev Ggb e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg Kiv nq †h, †m B”Qvi wei“‡× `vm‡Z¡i k„•Lj ci‡Z eva¨ nq|

(2) gvjvKvZ Avqgvb: gvjvKvZ A_©: gvby‡li wfZiMZ ¸Y ev †hvM¨Zv, cÖwZfv, Avwg Zvi c~Y© gvwjK (842 c„: 2q LÊ), Avi Avqgvb A_©: Wvbw`K, †mŠfvM¨, kw³, mvg_©¨ (1101 c„: 2q LÊ)| myZivs gvjvKvZ Avqgvb A_© hviv b¨vqm½Zfv‡e, ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wb‡R‡`i wfZiKvi ¸Y, †hvM¨Zv, cÖwZfv mewKQy mnKv‡i mvg_©¨ev‡bi AwaKvify³ nq| Abyev`Kiv †KD †KD G‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Qb, Ô†Zvgv‡`i Wvb n¯— hv‡`i‡K AwaKvi Kwiqv‡QÕ| GB Abyev` c~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i bv, †¯^”Qvq AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKv‡ii aviYvwU G‡Z Abycw¯’Z _v‡K|

(3) Ave&`: `vm, µxZ`vm, †Mvjvg, DcvmK, †meK, ev›`v, PvKi, `vm‡Z¡ wbôvevb `vm, hvi wcZvgvZvI `vm, eskMZ PvKi, wb‡f©Rvj PvKi| GB kãwU Avj-vn gvby‡li †¶‡Î eûevi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb|

(4) AvgvZz: `vmx, euvw`, cwiPvwiKv|

we¯§qKi welq n‡jv, †KviÕAv‡bi Abyev`Kiv Avj-vni e¨eüZ GB me¸wj k‡ãiB cÖvq GKB Abyev` K‡i‡Qb ïaygvÎ Ô`vm-`vmxÕ| GUv wbtm‡›`‡n fyj Abyev`, KviY me¸wj k‡ãi hw` GKB A_© n‡Zv, Zvn‡j Avj-vn wbðqB Avjv`v Avjv`v kã e¨envi bv K‡i GKwU kãB e¨envi Ki‡Zb| Gevi †KviÕAv‡bi G msµvš— AvqvZ¸wj j¶ Kwi| GLv‡b BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb K…Z †KviÕAv‡bi Abyev` D‡j-L Kiv n‡q‡Q|

D‡j-wLZ AvqvZ¸wj †_‡K GUv wbtm‡›`‡n cÖgvwYZ †h, Bmjv‡g `vmcÖ_v †bB, †hUv Av‡Q †mUv m¤§wZc~e©K †mev`vb| Avj-vni †`Iqv Rxeb-e¨e¯’vq Kx Ac~e© mgš^q! GKw`‡K Rv‡nwj hy‡M †h `vm-`vmx‡`i‡K †Rvi K‡i Avbv n‡qwQj A_©vr ivKvevZ, Zv‡`i‡K wewfbœ cš’vq gy³ K‡i w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Aciw`‡K gvbyl †h‡nZz gvby‡li mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Qvov Pj‡Z cvi‡e bv, Kv‡RB hviv †¯^”Qvq KviI †mev `vb, kªg`vb Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ nq (gvjvKvZ Avqgvb), Zv‡`i‡K Ggbfv‡e Rxe‡bvcKiY †_‡K `vb Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †hb m¤ú‡`, †i‡h‡K Zvi mgvb n‡q †M‡jI Kvc©Y¨ bv Kiv nq| c„w_exi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’vq Ggb Ac~e© wbqg †bB| µxZ`vm Avi gvjvKvZ Avqgv‡bi g‡a¨ AvKvk-cvZvj cv_©K¨| Mjvq `wo cwi‡q eva¨ K‡i KvR Kiv‡bv, Av‡iKwU gbcÖvY, AvZ¥v mg¯—wKQy mgc©Y K‡i †mev Kiv| GB `yÕwU k‡ãi wK GKB A_© n‡Z cv‡i? myZivs hviv †KviÕAvb Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i Aek¨B DwPZ wQj Avj-vni e¨eüZ k㸇jvi cÖK…Z A_© w`‡q Abyev` Kiv| Zv bv K‡i Zviv DfqwUB `vm wnmv‡e Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ Gi †cQ‡bI GKwU myMfxi KviY i‡q‡Q hv eyS‡Z n‡j GB D¤§vn m„wói D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|

†Kb GB weåvwš—†n`vqn (mwVK c_ wb‡`©kbv) I mZ¨`xb w`‡q Avj-vn Av‡Lix bex wek¦bex †gvnv¤§` (m.) †K cvwV‡q‡Qb wZwb †hb GUv‡K Ab¨ mg¯— Øx‡bi, Rxebe¨e¯’vi Dci cÖwZôv K‡ib| (ZIev, 33, dvZvn 28, md 9)| GB †n`vqvn n‡jv Avj-vni ZInx`, Avj-vni mve‡fŠgZ¡, jv Gjvnv Gj-vvj-vn A_©vr Avj-vn Qvov Rxe‡bi me© A½‡b Ab¨ Kv‡iv ûKzg bv gvbv| Avi Øxbyj nK (mZ¨ Rxebe¨e¯’v) n‡jv H †n`vqvni Dci cÖwZwôZ, AvBb, weavb, nvivg-nvjvj, ˆea-A‰ea, Rv‡qR-bvRv‡qR BZ¨vw`| gvbe RvwZi mvgwMÖK Rxe‡b Ab¨vq, mywePvi, GKK_vq kvwš— cÖwZôvi Rb¨ gnvbex Zuvi Avmnve‡`i wb‡q msMÖvg ïi“ Ki‡jb Zuvi RxeÏkvq mg¯— RvwRivZzj Avi‡e Avj-vni †`Iqv mZ¨`xb Kv‡qg n‡jv| wZwb GB `ywbqv †_‡K we`vq †bIqvi ci msMÖvg K‡i GB mZ¨`xb‡K gvbeRxe‡b cÖwZôv Kivi `vwqZ¡ G‡m coj Zuvi D¤§vni Dci| D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x Zv‡`i Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi Rb¨

A_©vr Avj-vni `xb cÖwZôvi msMÖvg Kivi j‡¶¨ wb‡R‡`i evwoNi, mnvq m¤úwË, ¯¿x-cyÎ, †¶Z-Lvgvi BZvw` wemR©b w`‡q `ywbqvi w`‡K †ewi‡q coj| gvÎ K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Aa© c„w_ex‡Z GB mZ¨`xb cÖwZôv Kij, †gvUvgywU 60/70 eQi ch©š— Pjj GK ALÊ RvwZ n‡q gvbeRxeb †_‡K me©iKg Ab¨vq, AwePvi `~i K‡i b¨vq mywePvi A_©vr kvwš— cÖwZôvi msMÖvg| Gi ciB msMÖvg Z¨vM Kiv n‡jv| `xb cÖwZôvi †Rnv` Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨vb¨ ivRv ev`kvn‡`i gZ kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ ivRZ¡ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GB msMÖvg- †hUv Kivi Rb¨B GB D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x‡K m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj Ges hv n‡”Q imyjvj-vni (`.) cÖK…Z mybœvn Ges hv Z¨vM Ki‡j †KD cÖK…Z D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x _v‡Kb bv| wKš‘ HwZnvwmK mZ¨ n‡jv GB †h, gnvbexi (`.) ci 60/70 eQi ch©¨š— H msMÖvg Ô†Rnv`Õ P‡jwQj Ges Zvici Zv eÜ Kiv nq Ges DgvBqv Lwjdviv bv‡g Lwjdv †_‡KI Avm‡j c„w_exi Avi `kUv ivRv-ev`kvni gZ kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ ivRZ¡ Kiv Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

hLb gnvbexi Avmnveiv `ywbqv †_‡K P‡j †M‡Qb, cÖK…Z †gvÕ‡gbiv P‡j †M‡Qb ZLb †mB Avie‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B cÖvPxb Rv‡nwjqvZ gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡VwQj| †mB gyn~‡Z© Zv‡`i nv‡Z Aa©-`ywbqv, j¶ j¶ gvbyl Zv‡`i AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Q| Zviv Avevi wb‡R‡`i‡K aviYv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj gvby‡li gvwjK, cÖfy e‡j| imyjvj-vn †h Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi Kei w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zviv my‡hvM †c‡qB Avevi †mB Rv‡nwjqvZ A_©vr `vmZ¡e¨e¯’v, †Rvi K‡i B”Qvi wei“‡× gvbyl‡K w`‡q KvR Kiv‡bvi cÖeYZv BZ¨vw` wdwi‡q Avbj| Z_vKw_Z †Ljvd‡Zi mgq Zv¸Z ivRv-ev`kvn‡`i gZ †fvMwejv‡m gË kvm‡Kiv †h Rv‡nwj e¨e¯’v‡K Kei †_‡K Zz‡j G‡bwQj, AvRI Zv‡`i DËimyix An¼vix Avie †kLiv mgMÖ `ywbqv †_‡K kªwgK Avg`vbx K‡i †Rvi K‡i kªg Av`vq K‡i †m e¨e¯’v‡K wRB‡q †i‡L‡Q| Zv‡`i GB kªg`vm mieivn Kivi Rb¨ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i `wi`ª †`k¸wj‡Z g¨vbcvIqvi e¨emv RgRgvU| Dciš‘ †Kv‡bv Aciva Ki‡j GB kªwgK‡`i‡K c~Y© kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡Z nq, wKš‘ Zv‡`i †`‡ki cÖfvekvjx, A_©kvjxiv GKB Aciva K‡i jNy`‡Ê gyw³ †c‡q hvq| hLb †KviÕAv‡bi Abyev` Kiv ïi“ nq ZLb †mB Abyev`K‡`i mvg‡b Avj-vn imy‡ji cÖK…Z BmjvgwU †bB, Av‡Q Avie †kL‡`i weK…Z Kiv wkqv, mybœx Avi DgvBqv AveŸvmxq †gvdvm&‡mi‡`i Bmjvg| †mB weK…Z Bmjvg¸wjB wQj Abyev`K-Av‡jg, †gvdvm‡mi‡`i Áv‡bi

cwimxgv| d‡j Zviv hy×e›`x, MwbgZ, ivKvevZ, wgjKzj Avqgvb me wKQyi GKwU A_©B Rv‡bb, Avi †mUv n‡”Q Ô`vm-`vmxÕ| Aek¨ DgvBqv, AveŸvmxq ivRv ev`kvniv Zv‡`i Aaxb¯’‡`i cÖwZ AvPi‡Yi †¶‡Î Avj-vn-imy‡ji †eu‡a †`Iqv mxgvbv †g‡b P‡jb wb| Zviv imy‡ji Rxebv`k© fy‡j hvb| †mB Abyev`‡Kiv `qv K‡i hw` GKevi imyjvj-vni Rxe‡bi w`‡K ZvKvb Z‡e †`L‡Z cv‡eb, Avj-vni imyj GB `vmZ¡ cÖ_v‡K wbg©~j Kivi Rb¨ AvRxeb Kx msMÖvgUvB bv K‡i †M‡Qb| GB msMÖvg †Kej †h Kv‡di‡`i wei“‡× Zv bq, GUv wQj wek¦gq cÖwZwôZ GKwU wm‡÷‡gi wei“‡×, hv kZvãxi ci kZvãx †av‡i gvby‡li gb gM‡R †kKi †Mu‡o e‡m wQj| wZwb µxZ`vm hv‡q`‡K (iv.) gy³ Ki‡jb| hv‡q` gyw³ †c‡qI Zuvi mv‡_B iB‡jb| Gici imyj hv‡q`‡K wb‡Ri †Q‡j e‡j †NvlYv w`‡jb, ej‡jb hv‡q` (iv.) Zuvi m¤ú‡`i DËivwaKvi| GUv wQj †Kviv‡qk‡`i wg_¨v AvwfRv‡Z¨i †`qv‡j GK cÖPÊ AvNvZ| Pvwiw`‡K wQ wQ c‡o †Mj, Kx! †Mvjvg‡K †Q‡j e‡j †NvlYv w`j †gvnv¤§`! imyj wePwjZ n‡jb bv, wbR wm×v‡š— AUj iB‡jb| G n‡jv bex nIqvi Av‡Mi K_v| bex nIqvi c‡i wZwb wbR dzdv‡Zv †evb Rqbv‡ei (iv.) m‡½ hv‡q`‡K (iv.) we‡q w`‡jb| Zv‡`i we‡q wUKj bv, hvi Ab¨Zg KviY Rqbve (iv.) imyjvj-vni B”Qvi cÖwZ m¤§vb †`wL‡q hv‡q`‡K (iv.) ¯^vgx wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡jI wZwb hv‡q‡`i c~e© cwiPq fyj‡Z cv‡ib wb| imyjvj-vn †Lqvj K‡i‡Qb †h, Zuvi D¤§vni g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB hv‡q`‡K (iv.) ZLbI wfbœfv‡eB †`‡L| Gici imyj P~ovš— wm×vš— wb‡jb| wZwb hv‡q`‡K (iv.) gyÕZvi hy‡×i †mbvcwZ wb‡qvM w`‡jb| Zuvi Aax‡b hy‡× †cÖiY Ki‡jb cy‡iv RvwZ‡K hvi g‡a¨ †Kviv‡qkmn eo eo m¤£vš— eskxq A‡bK mvnvweB wQ‡jb| hv‡q`‡K (iv.) †mbvcwZ wb‡qvM †`Iqvi ci A‡b‡KB mš‘ówP‡Ë welqwU †g‡b wb‡Z cvij bv, we‡kl K‡i †gvbv‡dKiv RvwZi wfZ‡i †Rvi ZrciZv Pvjvj †h, GKRb `vm‡K mK‡ji Avgxi Kiv n‡jv? GUv †Kgb K_v? Gme K_v ï‡b imyjvj-vn cÖPÊ ivM Ki‡jb Ges mevB‡K gmwR‡` beex‡Z †W‡K mveavb K‡i w`‡jb|

gyÕZv hy‡× hv‡q` (iv.) knx` nb| imyjvj-vn Zuvi G‡š—Kv‡ji ¯^íKvj Av‡M †mB hv‡q` (iv.) Gi cyÎ Imvgv Ge‡b hvq` Ge‡b nvwimv‡K (iv.) wmwiqv-wdwjw¯—‡bi `vi“m I R`©v‡bi Aš—M©Z evjKvÕ mxgvš— A‡j Awfhvb cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©k †`b| GUv wQj imyjvj-vni RxeÏkvq

me©‡kl Awfhvb| cÖexY †gvnv‡RiM‡Yi cÖvq mK‡jB Imvgv (iv.) Gi evwnbx‡Z ZvwjKvfy³ nb| KwZcq †jvK Zuvi †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Zv‡`i gš—e¨ wQj, cÖexY Avbmvi I †gvnv‡Ri‡`i Dci GZ Zi“Y GKRb‡K AwabvqK Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i g~j AvcwË wQj, Imvgv GKRb µxZ`v‡mi cyÎ| Gme Av‡jvPbv ï‡b imyj gv_vq cwÆ euvav Ae¯’vq `yÕR‡bi Kuv‡a fi K‡i gmwR‡` hvb Ges mKj‡K †W‡K AveviI e‡jb, Ô†n mg‡eZ †jv‡Kiv! †Zvgiv Imvgvi hy×vwfhvb Kvh©Ki Ki| Avgvi Rxe‡bi kc_! †Zvgiv hw` Zvi †bZ…Z¡ wb‡q K_v e‡j _vK, Z‡e Gi Av‡M †Zvgiv Zvi wcZvi †bZ…‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i †Zv K_v Zz‡jwQ‡j| A_P †m †bZ…‡Z¡i †hvM¨B e‡U, †hgb Zvi wcZvI Gi †hvM¨ wQj| †m Avgvi wbKU AwaKZi cQ›`bxq; Avi Zvi c‡i GB ImvgvI Avgvi wbKU AwaKZi wcÖq|Õ imy‡ji GB K_vi ci me ¸Äb †_‡g hvq|

Gfv‡e Avj-vni imyj GKwU cÖwZwôZ e¨e¯’v‡K Dch©ycwi AvNv‡Z Pzigvi K‡i w`‡q †M‡Qb| eZ©gvb c„w_ex `v¾v‡ji Aaxb, cwðgviv GLb weRqx RvwZ| †h‡nZz weRqxivB BwZnvm †j‡L ZvB †h weRqx‡`i g‡a¨ Avj-vni fq †bB Zv‡`i †jLv BwZnvm me mgq mZ¨ e‡j bv| G Kvi‡YB cvðvZ¨ `v¾vwj mf¨Zvi Abymvixiv Avgv‡`i‡K †kLvq †h †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wj¼b 1863 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi `vm cÖ_vi Aemvb NUvb Ges gyw³ †NvlYvi (Emancipation Proclamation) gva¨‡g `vm‡`i wPi¯’vqxfv‡e gy³ K‡i †`b| †mB Aveªvnvg wj¼‡bi ¯^‡cœi MYZš¿B AvR cyuwRev`x iƒc wb‡q‡Q| gvbeRvwZi g‡a¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q weivU fvimvg¨nxbZv| ¸wUK‡qK †jvK AKíbxq A‡_©i gvwjK n‡q RNb¨ †fvMwejv‡m wjß, A_© LiP Kivi c_ cv‡”Q bv| Aciw`‡K weivU Rb‡Mvôx eva¨ n‡q Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨ `vm‡Z¡i A`„k¨ k„•Lj Mjvq c‡i Av‡Q| GB `vm‡Z¡i cÖavb GKwU iƒc wek¦gq †fvMev`x c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wó Kivi gva¨‡g Pvwc‡q †`Iqv K‡c©v‡iU `vmZ¡| wb‡qvMKZ©v gvwjKc‡¶i Ab¨vq, Ryjyg, eÂbvi wei“‡× kªwgK †kªwYi †¶vf, Am‡š—vl P~ovš— iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q| my‡hvM †c‡jB mwnsmZv I we‡¶v‡fi AvKv‡i cÖKvk N‡U †mB mwÂZ †¶v‡fi| kªwgK‡`i GB we‡¶vf¸wj‡K †Rvi K‡i `vwe‡q ivLv nq, †cUv‡bv nq, †g‡i †djv nq|

wKš‘ Bmjvg Gi wVK wecixZ| †¯^”Qvq, Dfqc‡¶i m¤§wZ‡Z, †mev cÖ`v‡bi gvb‡m kªg cÖ`vbB n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi bxwZ| gvbeRvwZi ingZ¯^iƒc Avwef©~Z gnvbex wb‡Ri Rxe‡b ev¯—‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges Zuvi AbymvixivI Zv ev¯—evqb K‡i wKfv‡e `vmcÖ_v (†Rvic~e©K kªg Av`vq) e¨e¯’v wPiZ‡i wbg©~j Ki‡jb Zv Avi GB RvwZ‡K Rvb‡Z †`Iqv n‡jv bv| g°v weR‡qi ci Kvev cÖv½‡Y `uvwo‡q wZwb `vmcÖ_vi wejywß †NvlYv K‡ib| †mB HwZnvwmK fvlYwU ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiwQ|

g°v weR‡qi ci Kvev cÖv½‡Y imyjvj-vni fvlY†n gvbyl! Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K †n`vqvZ (c_ wb‡`©k) †KviwQ †h, †meK‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv e¨envi K‡iv| Zv‡`i‡K Kó w`I bv| †Zvgiv wK AeMZ bI †h, Zv‡`i Kv‡QI Ggb GK ü`q i‡q‡Q hv Kó †c‡j e¨w_Z nq Ges Aviv‡g Lykx nq? †Zvgv‡`i wK n‡jv †h, †Zvgiv Zv‡`i ü`‡qi mš‘wó weavb K‡iv bv? Avwg j¶¨ †KviwQ, †Zvgiv Zv‡`i‡K nxb g‡b K‡iv Ges Zv‡`i AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡iv bv| GUv wK?

GUv wK Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi An¼vi bq? wbtm‡›`‡n GUv hyjyg I †e-Bbmvdx|

Avwg Rvwb, Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi hy‡M Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv gh©v`v wQj bv| cïi †P‡qI Zv‡`i‡K Aag g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| me©Î Avgxi I †MvÎ-m`©viiv m¤§vb I KZ©„‡Z¡i gvwjK †m‡R e‡mwQj| Avj-vni ev›`viv G K_v fy‡j wM‡qwQj †h, gvbyl wnmv‡e mevB mgvb Ges †Zvgv‡`i †L`gZ-KvixivI Gbmv‡di AwaKvix| †mUv wQj Ggb GK hyM, hLb Avgxi Igivn Ges kvmKeM© Zv‡`i‡K gvbexq ¯—‡ii E‡aŸ©© g‡b KiZ| wb‡R‡`i‡K wb®úvc †NvlYv †KviZ| Zv‡`i `„wó‡Z Lv‡`g‡`i Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ïaygvÎ gwbe‡`i †L`gZ Kiv Ges Zv‡`i hyjyg mn¨ Kiv| gwbe‡`i mv‡_ Kv‡Ri †jvK‡`i emv wbwl× wQj| Zv‡`i mvg‡b Lv‡`g‡`i K_v ejv cvc wQj| gwbe‡`i †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri mvgvb¨Zg wei“×vPviY nZ¨v‡hvM¨ Aciva wQj| Bmjvg G ai‡Yi img-†iIqv‡Ri Aemvb NwU‡q‡Q Ges Rv‡nwj An¼vi‡K a~wjmvr K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †n gvbyl! Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K AewnZ †KviwQ †h, †Zvgv‡`i i‡ei digvb n‡”Q:

Ô†n gvbyl! Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K m„wó K‡iwQ GK cyi“l I GK bvix n‡Z| c‡i †Zvgv‡`i‡K wef³ K‡iwQ wewfbœ RvwZ I †Mv‡Î, hv‡Z †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cvi| †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ Avj-vni wbKU †m e¨w³ AwaK gh©v`vm¤úbœ †h †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ AwaK gyËvwK| wbðqB Avj-vn me wKQy Rv‡bb, mg¯— Lei iv‡Lb|Õ (myiv ûRivZ 13)

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(2) Nvg ïKv‡bvi Av‡M kª‡gi b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|

(3) mv‡a¨i AwZwi³ KvR KviI Dci Pvcv‡bv n‡e bv|

(4) kªwgK cÖ‡qvR‡b †hLv‡b Lywk, hvi Kv‡Q Lywk kªg I †mevi wewbg‡q DcvR©b Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i Zvi Dci †Kv‡bv iKg wewa wb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv n‡e bv|

Dc‡iv³ bxwZ¸wj Bmjv‡gi hv Avj-vni imyj ev¯—evqb K‡i †M‡Qb| Avevi cÖK…Z Bmjvg cÖwZôv n‡j Dc‡iv³ bxwZgvjv A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb Kiv n‡e BbkvÕAvj-vn|

mv‡g¨i Abb¨ D`vniY:†gvÕ‡g‡bi m¤§vb Kvevi E‡aŸ©

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2

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Avi‡ei HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vc‡U Bmjv‡gi behyM m~Pbv

`vm wn‡m‡e gvbyl †ePv-†Kbv gvbemgv‡Ri GKwU cÖvPxbZg e¨emv| Avj-vni †kl imyj hLb Avwef©~Z n‡jb ZLbI Avi‡ei GKwU eo e¨emv wQj `vm e¨emv| Avwd«Kvi wewfbœ †`k †_‡K K…òv½‡`i‡K e›`x K‡i, RvnvR fwZ© K‡i mviv c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k Zv‡`i‡K wewµ Kiv n‡Zv| †Kej Avwd«Kvb K…òv½B bq, hy×e›`x‡`i‡KI `vm`vmx wnmv‡e wewµ K‡i †`Iqv n‡Zv ni`g| †h‡nZz wewfbœ †`‡ki evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K g°vi Dci w`‡q †h‡Z n‡Zv ZvB g°vI wQj `vme¨emvi GKwU eo †K›`ª| GB `vm‡`i `ytL `y`©kv †h wK AeY©bxq Zv eY©bv K‡i nvRvi nvRvi eB †jLv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv †mw`‡K hvw”Q bv, ïay GUzKz ej‡jB h‡_ó n‡e, †h mgv‡R †mev‡K `vm‡Z¡ iƒcvš—wiZ Kiv nq †mB mgvR GKUv Rvnvbœvg, Aciw`‡K †h mgv‡R gvbyl ci¯úi‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m †mev K‡i hvq, Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i, `vb K‡i, LvB‡q wb‡R‡`i‡K ab¨ g‡b K‡i †mUvB n‡”Q cÖK…Z Bmjv‡gi mgvR| myZivs Bmjv‡gi mgvRe¨e¯’vB cÖK…Zc‡¶ †mevwfwËK, Avi eZ©gv‡b `v¾v‡ji ˆZwi

wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g †Rvi K‡i kªg Av`vq Kivi wfwˇZ †h e¨e¯’v M‡o D‡V‡Q †mUvB n‡”Q cÖK…Z `vmwfwËK mgvR I ivóªe¨e¯’v|

cÖgvY: Avj-vni imy‡ji ¯¿x Av¤§v Lvw`Rv (iv.) Lye abvX¨ wQ‡jb| Rv‡nwj hy‡M wZwb Avi‡ei evRvi †_‡K GKwU `vm wK‡bwQ‡jb, hvi bvg wQj hv‡q` Be‡b nvwimv| ûRyi cvK (`.) Gi mv‡_ we‡qi ci wZwb hv‡q`‡K (iv.) ¯^vgxi †mevq wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| m‡½ m‡½ imyjvj-vn (`.) hv‡q`‡K Avhv` K‡i w`‡jb| wKš‘ hv‡q` (iv.) imyjvj-vni m½ Z¨vM Ki‡Z ivwR n‡jb bv| gnvbex (`.) ZLbI bex nb wb| hv‡q‡`i (iv.) evev PvPviv Zv‡K LuyR‡Z LyuR‡Z gnvbexi (`.) Kv‡Q Avm‡jb| †gvnv¤§` (`.) ej‡jb, Ô†m †Zv GLb gy³, Avcbviv Zv‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib|Õ wKš‘ hv‡q` (iv.) ej‡jb D‡ëv K_v| wZwb evev PvPv †K ej‡jb, ÔAvcbviv wd‡i hvb, Avwg hv‡ev bv| Avwg Zuvi Kv‡QB _vK‡Z PvB|Õ mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h hv‡q` (iv.) Gi AvPiY †Kv‡bv `v‡mi AvPiY wQj bv| cÖK…Zc‡¶ wZwb gnvbexi (`.) AvPi‡Y I e¨env‡i GZUvB gy» wQ‡jb Ges bex wnmv‡e Zuvi cÖwZ Cgvb GZB wbLuv` wQj †h, Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©š— gnvbexi (m.) mv‡_ Qvqvi gZ AbyeZ©x wQ‡jb|

Avbvm (iv.) hLb evjK wQ‡jb ZLb Zuvi gv †Q‡j‡K GB e‡j

imyjvj-vni (`.) Kv‡Q Zz‡j w`‡jb †h, ÔBqv imyjvj-vn! I Avcbvi Kv‡Q _vK‡e Ges Avcbvi †mev Ki‡e|Õ Ggb K_v wK †KD †Kv‡bvw`b ï‡b‡Q †h, GKRb gv Zvi mš—vb‡K G‡b KviI `vm‡Z¡ wbhy³ K‡i‡Q? BwZnvm KL‡bv e‡j bv †h Avbvm (iv.) imyjvj-vni (`.) `vm wQ‡jb, ejv nq Lv‡`g| Lv‡`g gv‡bB †meK| Avbvm (iv.) Rxe‡bi GKUv ch©v‡q G‡m a‡b, R‡b, Áv‡b GZ mg„× n‡jb gvbyl `~i `~ivš— †_‡K Zuvi KvQ †_‡K imyjvj-vni (`.) Rxeb m¤ú‡K©, Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z AvmZ| wZwb imyjvj-vni (`.) RyZv¸‡jv ch©š— cig kª×vq cwi®‹vi K‡i w`‡Zb hv wQj cÖK…Z †mev, `vmZ¡ bq| Gic‡i Igi (iv.) Gi D`vniY Av‡Q hv AKíbxq| g`xbv †_‡K †hi“Rv‡jg cÖvq 1300 wK‡jvwgUvi c_ hvi AwaKvskB wQj gi“f~wg| GB `xN© c_hvÎvq Ig‡ii (iv.) m½x wQ‡jb GKRb e¨w³ hv‡K BwZnv‡m `vm e‡j D‡j-L Kiv nq| wKš‘ G †Kgb `vm wQ‡jb hv‡K gwbe D‡Ui wc‡V DwV‡q D‡Ui iwk †av‡i DËß gi“i evjyKvivwki Dci w`‡q c_ P‡jb? Avj-vni imyj e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡`i Aaxb¯’iv †Zvgv‡`i fvBÕ| Bmjvg †h `vm‡K fvB‡qi gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Zvi DËg D`vniY n‡jv wØZxq Lwjdvi GB BwZnvm| ZvB `vm kãwU Bmjv‡gi †¶‡Î †gv‡UB cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv `vm `vmxi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’v bvB| Bmjv‡gi AvBb n‡jv, †Rvic~e©K KvD‡K †Kv‡bv Kv‡R eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv, eva¨ Ki‡j †m `wÊZ n‡e| Avj-vn n‡”Qb gv‡jKzj gyjK, ivR¨-mvgªv‡R¨i gvwjK, gvwjwKbœvm (gvby‡li cÖfy), gvÕey` (hvi `vmZ¡ Ki‡Z nq), GKgvÎ iveŸyj Avjvgxb (m„wó Rvnv‡bi GK”QÎ cÖfy)| myZivs †Kv‡bv gvbyl cÖK…Z A‡_© †hgwb KLbI KviI cÖfy ev gvwjK (Master, Lord) n‡Z cv‡i bv, †Zgwb †KD KviI `vm ev †MvjvgI (Slave, Servant) n‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kej †meK, AbyPi, mvnvh¨Kvix, Kg©Pvix (Attendant, Helper, Employee) n‡Z cv‡i| Ges †mB †meK ev AbyPi‡`i m¤ú‡K©B imyjvj-vn e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgiv hv LvI Zv‡`i †K ZvB LvIqv‡e, †Zvgiv hv c‡iv Zv‡`i †K ZvB civ‡e, Amy¯’ n‡j Zv‡`i‡K †mev Ki‡e|Õ ûRy‡ii GB K_v¸wj wbQK Dc‡`k wQj bv, G¸wj wQj D¤§vni cÖwZ Zuvi ûKzg| Ges mKj AvmnveMY imy‡ji GB ûKzg A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb K‡i wM‡q‡Qb| imyjvj-vni wk¶vcÖvß D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`xi †KD †Kv‡bv †meK‡K wbh©vZb K‡i‡Qb Ggb GKwU `„óvš—I BwZnv‡m cvIqv hv‡e bv| GKRb e¨w³i Aax‡b GKRb †meK KvR Ki‡e wK Ki‡e bv, Zv

wm×vš— †bIqvi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv Zvi _vKZ| †Kv‡bv †meK Zvi gvwj‡Ki Øviv wbh©vwZZ n‡q kvm‡Ki Kv‡Q bvwjk Rvbv‡j b¨vqwePvi †cZ| Lwjdv Ig‡ii (iv.) GKRb wLªóvb †meK wQj †h eû eQi Lwjdvi m‡½ wQj wKš‘ Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i wb| Zv‡K Lwjdv wb‡R eûevi Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb wKš‘ †m Zvi ag© cwieZ©b K‡i bv| myZivs Bmjv‡g †meK‡`i ag©xq ¯^vaxbZvI wQj AevwiZ|

Aciw`‡K c„w_ex‡Z hLbB ˆelwqK D‡Ïk¨ I gvbweKZvi fvimvg¨ bó n‡q‡Q ZLbB gvbyl wb‡R‡K gvwjK, cÖfy Avi Aaxb¯’‡`i `vm g‡b K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jv GKw`‡b nq wb, Av‡¯— Av‡¯— µgvš^‡q Am¤¢e GK wbh©vZ‡bi w`‡K †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| hLb gvbyl †f‡e‡Q †h, Avwg mKj Revew`wnZvi E‡aŸ©, weav‡bi E‡aŸ©, ZLb †m Pig ¯úa©vq wb‡RB cÖfy n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q, ZLbB †m Zvi Aaxb¯’‡`i Mjvq wkKj jvwM‡q, Pvgov cywo‡q gvK©v w`‡q, K_vq K_vq PveyK †cUv K‡i, bvK †Ku‡U, e¯¿nxb †i‡L, w`‡bi ci w`b Abvnv‡i †i‡L cïi †Lvqv‡o evm Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q|

Bmjvg `vm cÖ_v‡K wejyß K‡i‡Q

Bmjvgwe‡Ølxiv Bmjv‡gi Dci †h Acev`¸wj Av‡ivc K‡i _v‡K Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU eo Acev` n‡”Q, Bmjv‡g bvwK ee©i `vmcÖ_v‡K DrmvwnZ (Promote) Kiv n‡q‡Q, GLv‡b hy×e›`x‡`i µxZ`vmiƒ‡c Ges hy×ew›`bx‡`i †hŠb`vmxiƒ‡c e¨envi Kiv hvq| G wel‡q nvRvi nvRvi eB I cÖeÜ †jLv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b Bmjvg-we‡Ølxiv †KviÕAv‡bi †ek wKQy AvqvZ‡K Zv‡`i e³‡e¨i c‡¶ D‡j-L K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ †jLK Gg, G, Lv‡bi hy³ivóª †_‡K cÖKvwkZ 'Islamic Jihad: A Legacy of Forced Conversion Imperialism and Slavery' eBwU‡Z †jLK †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h, Bmjvg `LjK…Z fzL‡Ê ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³ G‡bwQj - gymwjg‡`i Giƒc aviYv m¤c~Y© fzj| mZ¨wU n‡jv: Bmjvg Zv‡`i c~e©cyi“l‡`i Rb¨ G‡bwQj mvsNvwZK µxZ`vmZ¡, AaxbZv, Rei`w¯—g~jK ag©vš—iKiY, Avw` ms¯‹…wZ-HwZn¨‡K webvkKiY, Agymwjg‡`i‡K wRw¤§KiY, ag©xq wbh©vZb I MYnZ¨v| cwðgv Dcwb‡ekxiv Giƒc AcKg© K‡i‡Q Kg †¶‡Î ev Kg gvÎvq|Õ G‡nb Bmjvg we‡Ølx HwZnvwmK I M‡elK‡`i me©e¨vcx cÖPviYv I hyw³i mvg‡b wUK‡Z bv †c‡i Bmjv‡gi Av‡jgivI GB aviYv‡KB A‡bKvs‡k †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb, †KD †KD `ye©j cÖwZev` Ki‡Qb †h, nu¨v, `vmcÖ_v Av‡Q

e‡U, wKš‘ Zv‡`i‡K †h AwaKvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †m¸wj AvBqv‡g Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| Avm‡j welqwU Zv bq, cÖK…Z mZ¨ n‡jv, Bmjv‡g †Rvic~e©K kªge¨e¯’v ev `vm e¨e¯’vB †bB, ZvB `vm‡`i AwaKvi †`Iqvi cÖm½I Av‡m bv| AwaKvi †`Iqvi K_v †meK‡`i, `vm‡`i †Zv gy³ K‡iB w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GB fyj aviYvwU †f‡½ w`‡q G cÖm‡½ cÖK…Z Bmjv‡gi mwVK `„wófw½wU Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB| cewÎ †KviÕAv‡b G cÖm‡½ Avj-vn K‡qKwU cwifvlv e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi Aviwe-evsjv Awfavb †gvZv‡eK †mB cwifvlv¸wji mwVK A_©¸wj GLv‡b †`qv n‡jv|

(1) ivKvevZ: µxZ`vm, Nv‡o `wo euvav (1047 c„: 1g LÊ) myZivs mij A‡_© ivKvevZ n‡”Q µxZ`vm hvi †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxbZv _v‡K bv| Zv‡K †Rvic~e© Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq, ev Ggb e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg Kiv nq †h, †m B”Qvi wei“‡× `vm‡Z¡i k„•Lj ci‡Z eva¨ nq|

(2) gvjvKvZ Avqgvb: gvjvKvZ A_©: gvby‡li wfZiMZ ¸Y ev †hvM¨Zv, cÖwZfv, Avwg Zvi c~Y© gvwjK (842 c„: 2q LÊ), Avi Avqgvb A_©: Wvbw`K, †mŠfvM¨, kw³, mvg_©¨ (1101 c„: 2q LÊ)| myZivs gvjvKvZ Avqgvb A_© hviv b¨vqm½Zfv‡e, ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wb‡R‡`i wfZiKvi ¸Y, †hvM¨Zv, cÖwZfv mewKQy mnKv‡i mvg_©¨ev‡bi AwaKvify³ nq| Abyev`Kiv †KD †KD G‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Qb, Ô†Zvgv‡`i Wvb n¯— hv‡`i‡K AwaKvi Kwiqv‡QÕ| GB Abyev` c~Y© A_© cÖKvk K‡i bv, †¯^”Qvq AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKv‡ii aviYvwU G‡Z Abycw¯’Z _v‡K|

(3) Ave&`: `vm, µxZ`vm, †Mvjvg, DcvmK, †meK, ev›`v, PvKi, `vm‡Z¡ wbôvevb `vm, hvi wcZvgvZvI `vm, eskMZ PvKi, wb‡f©Rvj PvKi| GB kãwU Avj-vn gvby‡li †¶‡Î eûevi e¨envi K‡i‡Qb|

(4) AvgvZz: `vmx, euvw`, cwiPvwiKv|

we¯§qKi welq n‡jv, †KviÕAv‡bi Abyev`Kiv Avj-vni e¨eüZ GB me¸wj k‡ãiB cÖvq GKB Abyev` K‡i‡Qb ïaygvÎ Ô`vm-`vmxÕ| GUv wbtm‡›`‡n fyj Abyev`, KviY me¸wj k‡ãi hw` GKB A_© n‡Zv, Zvn‡j Avj-vn wbðqB Avjv`v Avjv`v kã e¨envi bv K‡i GKwU kãB e¨envi Ki‡Zb| Gevi †KviÕAv‡bi G msµvš— AvqvZ¸wj j¶ Kwi| GLv‡b BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb K…Z †KviÕAv‡bi Abyev` D‡j-L Kiv n‡q‡Q|

D‡j-wLZ AvqvZ¸wj †_‡K GUv wbtm‡›`‡n cÖgvwYZ †h, Bmjv‡g `vmcÖ_v †bB, †hUv Av‡Q †mUv m¤§wZc~e©K †mev`vb| Avj-vni †`Iqv Rxeb-e¨e¯’vq Kx Ac~e© mgš^q! GKw`‡K Rv‡nwj hy‡M †h `vm-`vmx‡`i‡K †Rvi K‡i Avbv n‡qwQj A_©vr ivKvevZ, Zv‡`i‡K wewfbœ cš’vq gy³ K‡i w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Aciw`‡K gvbyl †h‡nZz gvby‡li mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Qvov Pj‡Z cvi‡e bv, Kv‡RB hviv †¯^”Qvq KviI †mev `vb, kªg`vb Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ nq (gvjvKvZ Avqgvb), Zv‡`i‡K Ggbfv‡e Rxe‡bvcKiY †_‡K `vb Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †hb m¤ú‡`, †i‡h‡K Zvi mgvb n‡q †M‡jI Kvc©Y¨ bv Kiv nq| c„w_exi †Kv‡bv e¨e¯’vq Ggb Ac~e© wbqg †bB| µxZ`vm Avi gvjvKvZ Avqgv‡bi g‡a¨ AvKvk-cvZvj cv_©K¨| Mjvq `wo cwi‡q eva¨ K‡i KvR Kiv‡bv, Av‡iKwU gbcÖvY, AvZ¥v mg¯—wKQy mgc©Y K‡i †mev Kiv| GB `yÕwU k‡ãi wK GKB A_© n‡Z cv‡i? myZivs hviv †KviÕAvb Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i Aek¨B DwPZ wQj Avj-vni e¨eüZ k㸇jvi cÖK…Z A_© w`‡q Abyev` Kiv| Zv bv K‡i Zviv DfqwUB `vm wnmv‡e Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ Gi †cQ‡bI GKwU myMfxi KviY i‡q‡Q hv eyS‡Z n‡j GB D¤§vn m„wói D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|

†Kb GB weåvwš—†n`vqn (mwVK c_ wb‡`©kbv) I mZ¨`xb w`‡q Avj-vn Av‡Lix bex wek¦bex †gvnv¤§` (m.) †K cvwV‡q‡Qb wZwb †hb GUv‡K Ab¨ mg¯— Øx‡bi, Rxebe¨e¯’vi Dci cÖwZôv K‡ib| (ZIev, 33, dvZvn 28, md 9)| GB †n`vqvn n‡jv Avj-vni ZInx`, Avj-vni mve‡fŠgZ¡, jv Gjvnv Gj-vvj-vn A_©vr Avj-vn Qvov Rxe‡bi me© A½‡b Ab¨ Kv‡iv ûKzg bv gvbv| Avi Øxbyj nK (mZ¨ Rxebe¨e¯’v) n‡jv H †n`vqvni Dci cÖwZwôZ, AvBb, weavb, nvivg-nvjvj, ˆea-A‰ea, Rv‡qR-bvRv‡qR BZ¨vw`| gvbe RvwZi mvgwMÖK Rxe‡b Ab¨vq, mywePvi, GKK_vq kvwš— cÖwZôvi Rb¨ gnvbex Zuvi Avmnve‡`i wb‡q msMÖvg ïi“ Ki‡jb Zuvi RxeÏkvq mg¯— RvwRivZzj Avi‡e Avj-vni †`Iqv mZ¨`xb Kv‡qg n‡jv| wZwb GB `ywbqv †_‡K we`vq †bIqvi ci msMÖvg K‡i GB mZ¨`xb‡K gvbeRxe‡b cÖwZôv Kivi `vwqZ¡ G‡m coj Zuvi D¤§vni Dci| D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x Zv‡`i Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi Rb¨

A_©vr Avj-vni `xb cÖwZôvi msMÖvg Kivi j‡¶¨ wb‡R‡`i evwoNi, mnvq m¤úwË, ¯¿x-cyÎ, †¶Z-Lvgvi BZvw` wemR©b w`‡q `ywbqvi w`‡K †ewi‡q coj| gvÎ K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Aa© c„w_ex‡Z GB mZ¨`xb cÖwZôv Kij, †gvUvgywU 60/70 eQi ch©š— Pjj GK ALÊ RvwZ n‡q gvbeRxeb †_‡K me©iKg Ab¨vq, AwePvi `~i K‡i b¨vq mywePvi A_©vr kvwš— cÖwZôvi msMÖvg| Gi ciB msMÖvg Z¨vM Kiv n‡jv| `xb cÖwZôvi †Rnv` Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨vb¨ ivRv ev`kvn‡`i gZ kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ ivRZ¡ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GB msMÖvg- †hUv Kivi Rb¨B GB D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x‡K m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj Ges hv n‡”Q imyjvj-vni (`.) cÖK…Z mybœvn Ges hv Z¨vM Ki‡j †KD cÖK…Z D¤§‡Z †gvnv¤§`x _v‡Kb bv| wKš‘ HwZnvwmK mZ¨ n‡jv GB †h, gnvbexi (`.) ci 60/70 eQi ch©¨š— H msMÖvg Ô†Rnv`Õ P‡jwQj Ges Zvici Zv eÜ Kiv nq Ges DgvBqv Lwjdviv bv‡g Lwjdv †_‡KI Avm‡j c„w_exi Avi `kUv ivRv-ev`kvni gZ kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ ivRZ¡ Kiv Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

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GUv wK Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi An¼vi bq? wbtm‡›`‡n GUv hyjyg I †e-Bbmvdx|

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