Advancements in Deicing Technology & Winter Maintenance … 102209.pdfzCMA < NaCl on 17/18 of tree...
Transcript of Advancements in Deicing Technology & Winter Maintenance … 102209.pdfzCMA < NaCl on 17/18 of tree...
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Advancements in Deicing Technology Advancements in Deicing Technology & Winter Maintenance to Help Keep & Winter Maintenance to Help Keep
Roads SafeRoads Safe
Presented by:Jason Fenske
Dr. Scott Koefod
GSWA WORKSHOP ON WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCEMorristown, NJ October 22, 2009
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TodayToday’’s Agendas Agenda
Understanding environmental impactTraditional products & methods– Salt, sand, timing, concerns
Evolution of the industry– Liquid additives, pre-treated salts, salt brine
High accident areasRole of technologyWrap up/Questions
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Importance of Understanding Importance of Understanding Environmental Impact Environmental Impact
ALL activity has Environmental ImpactEcosystems are in constant flux“Doing Nothing” not necessarily bestGoal – wisely balancing benefits and environmental impacts
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Misuse of DeicingMisuse of DeicingChemicals Can AffectChemicals Can Affect
SoilVegetation (particularly roadside)Ground water/wellsSurface watersAquatic lifeCorrosion
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Soil EffectsSoil EffectsHighest Concentrations 6-10 feet from roadside– Elevated concentrations up to 33 feet from
road, 3 feet deep) Na will ion exchange with Ca and Mg in soil– Decreased permeability– Decreased water availability to plants– Breakdown soil structure / increase erosion
CaCl2, MgCl2 , CMA may increase soil permeability / improve soil structureAcetate (CMA, KA) biodegrades to CO2 – may lower soil pH Acetates may mobilize trace metals in soil
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Effects on VegetationEffects on VegetationHighest at roadsides Toxicity rankings vary – KA > CMA > CaCl2 > NaCl > MgCl2 (Allium cepa root
elongation and Duckweed Lemma growth inhibition tests – Anneli, et. al. 2003)
– NaCl ~ NaFo > CMA (germination and growth of cress and barley – Robidoux et. al. 2001)
High chloride may be more damaging than high Na, thus MgCl2 > CaCl2 > NaCl (Hanes, 1976)CMA < NaCl on 17/18 of tree species studied (Winters et. al. 1985)Rankings appear to be dependent on the plant and environment
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Effects on Surface/Ground WatersEffects on Surface/Ground Waters
Increasing density in lower layers – inhibition of mixing/oxygen distributionElevated chloride levels can inhibit plant growth and reduce organism diversity in streams.Organic additives and phosphorus additives may contribute to eutrophicationAcetate deicers have high BOD
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8
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1 104
MgCl2 CMA CaCl2 NaCl KA
Acute Toxicities of DeicersLD50 > 5000 = Practically Nontoxic
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Aquatic ToxicityAquatic Toxicity
Pesticide Toxicity Rating LC50 (ppm)Extremely Toxic 0.01 – 0.10Moderately Toxic 1.0 – 10Slightly Toxic 10 – 100Minimally Toxic > 100
Common deicers typically LC50 > 500Commonly LC50 > 2000
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CorrosionCorrosion
All chlorides will be aggressive to mild steelAcetates and formates non-corrosive to mild steel but very corrosive towards galvanizedCorrosion inhibited deicers offer a middle ground optionCorrosion protection of standard pre-wetted products is probably primarily on equipment
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* Salt Institute website -www.saltinstitute.org
Traditional Products and MethodsTraditional Products and Methods
Salt– 22.2M tons purchased during 2008 for highway salt use
in the U.S.*– Rock salt and solar salt are most commonly used on
roads– NJ supplied mainly by International Salt, but also by
Cargill, Atlantic, Eastern, and others– Almost limitless supply, however limitations do exist
regarding salt production and storage– Used most commonly during and after winter storms
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Traditional Products and Methods (cntd)Traditional Products and Methods (cntd)
Sand– Commonly used for improved traction– Often mixed with salt at various ratios to prevent
stockpile freezing and to “cut costs”– Various suppliers and blends– Spread during and after storm
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Concerns with Traditional ProductsConcerns with Traditional Products
Salt– Bounce & scatter– Effective temperature– Corrosion– Caking/clumping– Supply– Difficult to see against
snow
Sand– Cleanup (time)– Equipment rental– Disposal– Re-applications– Supply– Effect on catch basins– No melting benefits
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Evolution of the IndustryEvolution of the Industry
Liquid additives– Examples include calcium chloride, magnesium
chloride, KA, CMA, and various proprietary blends– Benefits include: Reduced bounce and scatter,
performance enhancement, and corrosion inhibition (amount varies depending on product)
– Drawbacks include: Investment in liquid-related capital, training, equipment maintenance, over/under applying, time
– Most commonly used at D.O.T. level– Applied to salt at the spinner, on the stockpile, or in the
truck bed (overhead spray bar)
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PrePre--Treated SaltsTreated Salts
Were first introduced ~10 years agoDeicing salt you are currently using, treated with a blend of magnesium chloride and other “enhancements”These “enhancements” can help inhibit corrosion, enhance performance, increase the visibility of the product, and moreSome examples include ClearLane™, Ice-Be-Gone™, Magic Salt™, etc.Most commonly used at the municipality level (where a liquid program is not feasible)
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PrePre--Treated SaltsTreated Salts
Pro’s– “All-in-one” product– Reduced scatter– Corrosion protection– Less product needed– Reduced cleanup when
compared to salt/sand– Residual effect
Con’s– More expensive than
salt (however….)– Requires adequate
covered storage
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PrePre--Treated Salt (an example) Treated Salt (an example) --ClearLaneClearLane™™ enhanced deicerenhanced deicer
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Salt BrineSalt Brine……Another Liquid OptionAnother Liquid Option
Difference between: – Pre-wetting– Anti-icing– De-icing
Made with the salt you already have and waterThings to consider:– Concentration– Automation vs Manual– Cleanout
Upward flow versus downward flow models
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Salt Brine ConcentrationSalt Brine Concentration
-1 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
-5 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0
Fr e ez in g P o in t o f N a C l B rine s
% N a C l
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Product Savings Product Savings –– An ExampleAn Example
NaCl in Salt BrineTypical application rate is 30-50 gallons/lane mileAt 23.3% concentration, there are 2.288 lbs of NaCl per gallon of brineAt 50 gallons/lane mile x 2.288 lbs NaCl/gallon = 114.4 lbs NaCL/lane mile
NaCl as a De-Icer300 lbs/lane mile?400 lbs/lane mile?
Salt brine:– Breaks the bond between the
roadway and snow/ice– Reduces the amount of NaCl
put out on your roads– Is a pro-active step (versus re-
active)
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Automation vs ManualAutomation vs Manual
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Clean OutClean Out
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Example of a DownwardExample of a Downward--Flow Flow BrinemakerBrinemaker
Water flows in from above the saltFilters downward through the saltBrine collects at bottom, then gets sucked out
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HighHigh--Accident AreasAccident Areas
Bridges are commonly the first to freeze up during winter stormsMaintaining safe bridges typically require extra manpower and extra product (chemicals)Two systems have emerged to address freezing conditions on bridges– F.A.S.T.– SafeLane®
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F.A.S.T.F.A.S.T.
Fixed Automatic Spray TechnologySprinkler head-like fixtures that are mounted into the bridge’s driving surface or onto the guard railsCommonly linked to road sensors to determine if/when deicer is to be dispensedManual or computer activated
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SafeLaneSafeLane®® Polymer Overlay HDXPolymer Overlay HDX
SafeLane Surface
Existing substrate3/8” Thickness4 lbs./ft2
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SafeLaneSafeLane®® SummarySummarySafeLane® surface overlay:
Reduces the potential for winter accidents caused by ice and snow build-up on bridge and road surfacesProvides superior friction for year-round traction in all weather conditionsExtends the life of bridge structures and reduces pavement maintenanceReduces lane closures by preventing weather-related accidents and installs quickly; can be installed in as little as one day
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Role of TechnologyRole of Technology
Industry continues to evolve by incorporating technology into winter operationsProvides objective information instead of subjective information“Work smarter, not harder”Some examples include:– Traction testing– Road temperature sensors & RWIS– GPS mapping
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Traction TestingTraction Testing
Benefits include:– Continuously measure traction conditions over miles of
road at a time– Maximize efficiency of plow routes– Gauge effectiveness of various products and application
rates– Provide easily actionable feedback– Compatible with most GPS systems
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Traction Testing Traction Testing –– An ExampleAn ExampleRT3RT3™™
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RT3RT3™™
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Wrap UpWrap Up
There are many new options available to improve how you conduct winter operationsThese new advancements can provide value to you and your organization– Product savings, labor savings, environmental
benefits, increased safety, road preservation, objective data, and more!
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Thank you for your time!Thank you for your time!
Contact InformationJason Fenske
Ph# (610) 239-7258Cell# (612) 817-7357Fax# (952) 367-1690
Email: [email protected]