Advanced Water Treatment System

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Delhi Jal Board

ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

Submitted By

Sushil Kumar

Chemical Engg.


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Organization Profile

Delhi Jal Board (DJB) was constituted on 6 April 1998 under Delhi Water Board A

1998, for the functions of water supply, sewerage and sewage disposaland drawithin the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Delhi Jal Board is responsible for production, treatment and distribution of drinkiin Delhi.

Delhi Jal Board has a network of water pipe lines over 9000 kms .

Raw water sources are Yamuna river , Bhakhra storage, Upper Ganga canal &Groundwater.

The installed capacity of Water Treatment Plants is 747 MGDand by optimizatiothrough Tube wells, about 835 MGDpotable water is being supplied.

Delhi Jal Board has constructed 53 new Under Ground Reservoirsand Booster PStations with a view to rationalize the distribution of water.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment


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Steps Of Water Treatment Raw Water Reservoir

Screening Of Raw Water

Grit Removal Chamber

Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment System

Biological Oxidation Treatment System


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Flush Mixing

Coagulation & Flocculation Treatment System

Sedimentation System

Sand Bed Filtration

Ozone Treatment System & Ultraviolet disinfection


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Screening of raw water Screening is the first treatment station.

Screening is carried to out by an automatically cleaned bar screen.
http://www.lenntech.com/self-cleaning-screneers.htmhttp://www.lenntech.com/self-cleaning-screneers.htm


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Efficiency of the screening operation Its depends on the spacing between screen bars:

Coarse screening , for spacing of over 40 mm.

Medium screening , for a spacing of 10 to 40 mm.

Fine screening , for a spacing under 10 mm.


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Grit Removal System Removal of grit is achieved by differential sedimentation, in which the flow velo

is so controlled that grit may settle,

Velocity control may be achieved hydraulically, as in constant velocity chambby air-induced helical rolling motion, or by mechanically induced vortex cham


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Girt Removal Operation To remove the sand & grit particles air is induced in helical motion to collect th

grit, remove through a grit hopper.


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Powdered Activated CarbonTreatment System

(PACT )is a water technology in which powdered activated carbonis added to ananaerobicor aerobic treatment system.

Carbon black is a buffer agent against toxic organics.

Activated carbon is produced from carbonaceous source materials such as nutshe

coconut husk, peat, woodlignite, coal, and petroleum pitch

Function of activated carbon is:

1. To prevent a rapid change in pH,

2. Aesthetic problems with the water ,

3. Controls Odor and Taste issues,

4. Adsorptive capacity for inorganic

Such as (hydrogen sulfide, NH3& Hg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_treatment_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_treatment_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon


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Biological Oxidation Treatment System The process by which microorganisms consume dissolved oxygen and organic subst

in water, convert organic carbon into carbon dioxide and cellular material.

Aeration is the intimate exposure of water and air, various reactions can occur between the components of the air and the componen

the water.

Air bubbles carry off the most volatile of the taste- and odor-causing organics.


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Flash Mixing System

After screening out debris and testing the raw water, water treatment really begins a

the flash mix chamber.

Chemicals (coagulant) are added to the water, which are alum (aluminum sulphat, iron chloride primarily to aid in coagulation and flocculation.

The water is agitated violently for a short period of time.


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Coagulation

Purpose

Purpose of the coagulation/flocculationprocess is the removal of turbidity from thewater.

Function

The coagulant chemicals neutralize the

electrical charges of the fine particles inthe water, allowing the particles to comecloser together and form large clumps.


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Coagulant Conversion

During coagulation fine particles in the water come closer together and

form large clumps.


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Flocculation Flocculationis a process which clarifies the water. Clarifying means removing any

turbidityor colour so that the water is clear and colourless.

Initially the precipitate forms as very small particles but as the water is gently stirred,these particles stick together to form bigger particles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculation


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Flocculation typically lasts for about thirty to forty-five minutes.

Floc The end product of a coagulation/flocculation

process is water in which the majority of the turbidity has been

collected into floc,

The best floc size is 0.1 to 3 mm

clumps of bacteria and particulate

impurities that have come together and formed a cluster.


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Sedimentation Sedimentation is a physical water treatmentprocess using gravityto remove

suspendedsolids from water.

Due to the low velocity, the suspended particulates in the water tend to settle the bottom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment


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Clarifier Circular Sedimentation Tanks


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Sand Bed Filtration Removal of suspended solids by sand bed filters work as fluid flows through the poro

sand along a tortuous route, the particulates come close to sand grains.


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Suspended particulates can be captured by one of several mechanisms:

1. Direct collision

2. vander waals

3. surface charge attraction

4. Diffusion


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Ozone Disinfection Ozone is an unstable gas comprising of three oxygen atoms,

the gas will readily degrade back to oxygen, and during this transition a free oxygen

atom, or free radical is form. The rate of degradation is a function of water chemistry, pH and water temperature

The free oxygen radical is highly reactive and short l ived; over a time frame ranging

a few seconds to 30 minutes.

Ozone is a colorless gas that has

an odor similar to smell of the air.

Ozone has greater disinfection

effectiveness against bacteria and

viruses compared to chlorination.


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Ozone Manufacturing Process To use ozone as a disinfectant, it must be created on-site and added to the water by b

contact.

ozone generators, includes passing dry, clean air through a high voltage electric disch

(corona discharge),


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The raw water is then passed through a venturi throat which creates a vacuum anpulls the ozone gas into the water or the air is then bubbled up through the waterbeing treated.

Primary Advantages of Ozone

1. Eliminate a wide variety of inorganic &organic

2. Eliminate microbiological problems

3. Reduce bacteria, viruses, and protozoon's

4. Eliminate taste and odor problems

5. Mainly no chemicals required


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Query Time


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Thank you

Advanced Water Treatment System

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