Advanced Power Technology Development...
Transcript of Advanced Power Technology Development...
AdvancedPowerTechnologyDevelopmentActivitiesforSmall
SatelliteApplicationsMichaelF.Piszczor1,GeoffreyA.Landis1,ThomasB.Miller1,LindaM.Taylor1,Dionne
Hernandez-Lugo1,RyneP.Raffaelle2,BrianLandi2,SethHubbard2,ChristopherSchauerman2,MathewGanter2,StephenPolly2,MartinDann2,Xiangyang Zhou3,Ryan
Karkkainen3,LukeRoberson4
1NASAGlennResearchCenter,Cleveland,OH2 RochesterInstituteofTechnology,Rochester,NY
3UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,FL4NASAKennedySpaceCenter,Titusville,FL
31st AnnualSmallSatelliteConference,Pre-ConferenceWorkshop1
Outline
I. IntroductionII. SmallSpacecraftTechnologyProgram,Smallsat TechnologyPartnerships
a) DemonstrationofaNano-EnabledSpacePowerSystem(RIT)b) DevelopmentofaLightweightCubeSatwithMultifunctionalStructuralBattery
Systems(UniversityofMiami)
III. ALBus SmallSatpowerdemonstrationatNASAGlennIV. LowPowerStirling TechnologyV. AdvancedPMADTechnologyDevelopmentEffortsVI. Summary
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NASAGlennPowerTechnologyExpertise
• NASAGlennResearchCenterhasalongtraditionofdevelopingadvancedtechnologyforspacecraft,withparticularexpertiseintheareasofpower,in-spacepropulsion,communications,andmaterials• Advancedpowertechnologyforspaceapplications• Energygeneration(photovoltaics,advancedthermal-to-electric)• Energystorage(batteries,fuelcells)• PowerManagementandDistribution(PMAD)• Powersystemsarchitectureandanalysis
• Advancementsinthesetechnologyareasareslowlybeinginfusedintosmallsatellitemissionsandcanhavesignificantimpactsonlongevityandmissioncapability
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DevelopmentofaNano-EnabledSpacePowerSystem
• Nanomaterial-enhancedpowersystemcomponentstoallowforreducedweightwhilemaintainingorincreasingcapability.• Quantumdot/Quantumwellsolarcells• CNTenhancedlithium-ionbatteries• Carbonnanotube(CNT)wireharness• CNTthermoelectricenergyharvesting
• Nanomaterialsü SignificantweightsavingüMinimalchangeincostü Increaseinavailablespace
Evolutionaryadvancements ineachtechnologywhencombinedcantranslateintorevolutionarychanges atthesystemleveltoprovidehigherconversionefficiencyand
energydensitytoextendmissioncapability.
OpticalMicroscopyofTwistedandBraidedmetal-freeCNTHarness,exceeding1x106 S/minelectricalconductivity
3PlyLaid 3PlyBraid
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CNTConductiveWiring
CNTinLi-Ion
Batteries
QD/QWCells
HeatManagement&EnergyHarvesting
DemonstratedthermoelectricpowergenerationfromSWCNTTEdevice,
producingover8nW from3pairedcouplesagainstatemperaturegradientof6.5K
Increasedradiationtoleranceextendinglifetime.Spectrallytuningthemiddle(GaAs)cellbandgapleadingtohighercurrentdensities.HighestQDVOC todate.replacementPVcellstobeintegratedwithClydeSpaceboardsFabricatedpouchcellsexceed250Wh/kg
andwillserveasdrop-inreplacementforClydeSpacebatteries(100-150Wh/kg)
ProgresstoDate
FabricatedBraidedMetalFreeCNTwirestocompareagainstcommercialinterconnects
RITxx3450PouchCell
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CharacterizeSOACubeSatpowersystem
components
Fabricatepowersystemcomponentswhich
incorporatenanomaterials
Replacecommercialdeviceswith
nanoenhancedversions
CharacterizeCubeSatpowersystem
componentsandmakenecessarychanges
IntegratefinishedcomponentsintoCubeSatpowersystem.Testunder
spaceconditions
Benefitofenhancingexistingtechnologiesthroughtheuseofnanomaterialsisthattheenhancedproductscanserveasdropinreplacementstoexistinginfrastructure,minimizing
theneedfornewequipmentandinfrastructure.
ApproachtoIntegratingNanoenhancedComponents
www.clyde.space
NanoEnhanced
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DevelopmentofLightweightCubeSatwithMultifunctionalStructuralBattery/SupercapacitorSystems
• Lightweight1UCubeSatthatutilizesfullyintegratedstructuralbatterymaterialsformissionlifeextensionof200-300%,largerpayloadcapability,andsignificantlyreducedmassof15%ormore.
• Mediator-enabledelectrolyticpolymerü Lightweightloadbearingstructureandanelectrochemicalbatterysystem
ü Highspecificpowerandenergywithfastchargerateü Significantweightsavingsü Increaseinavailablevolumeforpayloads
Advancements instructuralbatterytechnologycanreplaceparasiticstructuralmasswithmaterialthatprovidesadditionalenergy,leadingto
lighterweightandextendedsatellitemissionlife.
StructuralSupercapacitor
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ProgresstoDate
Carbon black
PEO/LiX/CB/Mediators
SupercapacitorFabrication
AllSolid-Statemediatorstructuralsupercapacitorstacks
Baseline
Structural
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AdvancedElectricalBus(ALBus)CubeSatTechnologyDemonstrationMission
• Provide100Wcapablepowermanagementsystem• Demonstrateregulatedhighpowerbus• On-orbitdemonstrationoftechnologiesrequiredfor100Wsystem• Powersystemefficiency≥85%• EPSshallfitin1Uvolume(10x10x10cm)orless• CubeSatshallnotexceed4.0kgmass• Exhibitsolararraymechanismsutilizingshapememoryalloymaterials
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AdvancedElectricalBus(ALBus)CubeSat(Update)
• Pathfindermissionforhighpowerdensity3-UCubeSats• Upto100Wofdistributedpower• Assessmentofoperationaldutycycleof100WsysteminaLEOenvironment• DemonstrationofrobustandresettableShapeMemoryAlloy(SMA)Mechanismforsolararraydeployment• DemonstrationofnoveltechniqueforpowertransferfromsolararraysthroughSMAdeploymenthinges
• Currentlyinfinalsystemintegrationandtest• ScheduledtoflyonELaNaXXmission(early2018)
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Innovation• NewclassofhighefficiencyRPSbeingdevelopedatGRC
usingflight-qualifiedRadioisotopeHeaterUnits(RHU)• PrevioustechnologiesuselowefficiencythermoelectricsApplications• Lowpowerlanders,probes,androvers• Sciencemeasuringinstruments• DistributednearobjectsofinterestwithlowsolarfluxPowerConversionResearch• Stirlingengineandlinearalternator• ControllerandbatterychargerforspacecraftInsulation• Vacuumfoilinsulationisrequiredduetolowheatinput• FunctionsasthermalresistanceandstructuralsupportHeaterAssembly• EachRHUprovides1wattthermaloutput• MultipleRHUsselectedforinitialdesign• LabtestinguseselectricheaterstosimulateRHUsMiniatureStirlingConvertor• 1We poweroutputfromcontrollertospacecraftsensors• 350ºChotsidetemperature,50ºCcoldsidetemperature• Flexurebearings,gapregenerator
GRCLowPowerStirlingDevelopment
Futureuseonprobes,landers,androvers
Insulationconceptuseshybridmulti-layerandmicroporousinsulation
Convertordemonstrationbeingprepared
EvaluatingAdditiveManufacturingforproduction 11
PMADTechnologiesforSmallSats• PowerElectronicsSBIRworkwithQortek:
• PrecisionfineattitudetuningofSmallSats(GSFC)
• Striction-basedcurrentandvoltagesensorsforMEO/GEO(GRC)
• DC/DCconversion– ceramicbasedpowersupplyforspacebusonSmallSats (GRC)
• DevelopmentofSiC andGaN powerdevicesforspaceapplications(GRCwithGeneSiC)
ReactionWheel
NutationActuator
PrecisionPointingMechanism
VoltageandCurrentSensors
DC/DCConverter
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Summary
• NASAGRC(alongwithotherNASACenters,Academia,andindustry)isdevelopingadvancedspacepowertechnologiesthatcouldhaveadirectimpactonfuturesmallsatellitemissionsbyincreasinglifetimeandimprovingspacecraftcapabilities.• Thesedevelopmenteffortcoverawiderangeoftechnologiesandtechnologyreadinesslevels(TRLs)in:• Energygeneration• Energystorage• Powermanagementanddistribution
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